Chapter 2 Thiamine and the Cellular Energy Cycles — A Novel Perspective on Type 2 Diabetes Treatment

1. Introduction

2. The mitochondrial catalytic repertoire

2.1. Structural association of the 3 units

2.2. Diseases produced by defective PDC

2.3. Structure of alphaketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex

2.4. Functions of the pentose phosphate pathway in normal and diseased conditions

2.5. Role of transketolase in disease and therapy

2.6. Pharmacotherapeutics of type 2 diabetes

2.7. Insulin secretagogues

3. New drugs for type 2 diabetes

3.1. Currently available

3.2. Experimental new drugs

3.3. Surgical interventions

3.4. Micronutrient approaches to treatment of diabetic complications

3.5. Pharmacokinetics

3.5.1. Thiamine absorption in normal conditions

3.5.2. Assessment of thiamine status

3.5.3. Thiamine metabolism within the cells

4. Pharmacodynamics of thiamine

4.1. Symtoms of severe thiamine deficiency

5. Thiamine and diabetes

5.1. Effect of thiamine therapy in diabetes: On glycemic control in experimental and animal model

5.2. Mild thiamine deficiency in diabetics and improved post therapy thiamine status in clinical studies

5.3. Intervention of high dose thiamine therapy in biochemical dysfunction in diabetes and the prevention of microvascular dysfunction, neuropathy, dyslipidemia complications

6. Summary

7. Therapeutic implications

Author details

References