Chapter 12 Prodrugs for Masking the Bitter Taste of Drugs

1. Introduction

2. Taste masking

3. Challenges and criteria for pursuing masking bitter taste approaches

4. Bitter taste masking approaches (techniques)

5. Enzyme models utilized for the design of potential bitterless prodrugs for bitter drugs such as atenolol, amoxicillin, cephalexin, paracetamol and guaiphenesin

6. Computational methods used in the design of bitterless prodrugs for bitter tastant drugs

7. Mechanistic study of the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of maleamic acids 34-42 used for the design of atenolol, amoxicillin and cephalexin prodrugs

8. Bitterless atenolol prodrugs based on Kirby’s maleamic acids enzyme model

9. Calculation of the t1/2 values for the cleavage reactions of atenolol prodrugs ProD 1-2

10. In vitro intraconversion of atenolol ProD 1 to the parent drug atenolol

11. Bitterless amoxicillin and cephalexin prodrugs based on Kirby’s maleamic acids enzyme model

11.1. Amoxicillin

11.2. Cephalexin

11.3. Cefuroxime axetil

12. In vitro intraconversion of amoxicillin and cephalexin prodrugs to their parent drugs

13. Mechanistic study of Bruice’s hydrolysis of di-carboxylic semi-esters 43-47 used for the design of bitterless paracetamol prodrugs

14. Paracetamol Prodrugs Based on Bruice’s Enzyme Model

15. In vitro intraconverion of Paracetamol ProD 1 to the parent drug paracetamol

16. Conclusions and future directions

Author details

References