Humans Walking on all Four Extremities with Mental Retardation and Dysarthric or no Speech: A Dynamical Systems Perspective ( Developmental Disabilities - Molecules Involved, Diagnosis, and Clinical Care )

Publication series ： Developmental Disabilities - Molecules Involved, Diagnosis, and Clinical Care

Author： Sibel Karaca Meliha Tan and Üner Tan  

Publisher： IntechOpen‎

Publication year： 2013

E-ISBN: INT5680855685

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9789535111771

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9789535111771

Subject： Q189 Neurobiology

Keyword： 神经科学

Language： ENG

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Humans Walking on all Four Extremities with Mental Retardation and Dysarthric or no Speech: A Dynamical Systems Perspective

Chapter

Chapter 4 Humans Walking on All Four Extremities With Mental Retardation and Dysarthric or no Speech: A Dynamical Systems Perspective

1. Introduction

1.1. Quadrupedal locomotion (walking on four extremities)

1.2. Evolutionarily preserved neural networks for QL

2. Human beings with QL; Üner Tan Syndrome (UTS)

2.1. History

2.2. UTS type-I and type-II

2.3. Forelimb and hind limb weight supports during QL

2.4. Neurological examinations

2.5. Gender differences

2.6. Cognitive tests

2.7. Genetics

3. Darwinian medicine; UTS

4. Complex systems; Self-organization

5. Central Pattern Generators (CPG)

6. Maturation theories

7. Neuronal group selection theory

8. Dynamics of locomotor development in humans

9. UTS vs socio-economic status

10. Concluding remarks

Author details

References

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