FRONT MATTER

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PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CONTENTS

Introduction SIXTIES RADICALISM: CREATING SPACES AND LEAVING LEGACIES

Introduction

Making Waves or Creating Spaces?

Leaving Legacies

The Sections and Chapters

References

Part I RADICAL MOVEMENTS AROUND THE WORLD

Chapter 1 ALL ALONG THE WATERSHED: SIXTIES VALUES AS DEFENCE OF COMMUNITY LIFEWORLDS IN BRITAIN 1968–2008

Introduction

Cultural Change: The Problem of Sixties Values

Sentiments, Values and Anti-System Radicalism

The New Sensibilities of the 1960s

The Peculiarities of the British ’68: Politics or Values?

Establishment Culture, ‘Stagnation’ and Modernisation

60s Modernisation: System and Lifeworld Clashes

The Search for ‘Community’ and Urban Activism

Apotheosis in the New Millennium? Participation and Communities

Conclusion

Notes

References

Chapter 2 MAY’S TENSIONS TODAY: FRANCE, THEN AND NOW

Introduction: Contested Legacies

Between Student Life and Revolution

The Anti-Student and the Imaginary of Revolutionary Violence

Movements, Post-1968 and Today

Conclusion

References

Chapter 3 THE WAR AGAINST THE WAR: VIOLENCE AND ANTICOLONIALISM IN THE FINAL YEARS OF THE ESTADO NOVO

Violence in the Sixties Narratives

New Left Radicalism

International Maoism

Portuguese Oppositions: Between Colonialism and Anticolonialism

An ‘Evolving Dualistic Society’

Marcelism, the Last Station

The Colonial Wars

Rhetorics of Violence

References

Contemporary Publications and Documents

Interviews

Bibliography

Chapter 4 FROM SARTRE TO STEVEDORES: THE CONNECTIONS BETWEEN THE PARIS BARRICADES AND THE RE-EMERGENCE OF BLACK TRADE UNIONS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Introduction

South Africa in the ‘60s: The Politico-Cultural Background

The Seeds of Activism

From Theory to Praxis: Engagement with Black Workers’ Struggles

The Wages Commissions and the Intensification of the Workers Struggle

Conclusion: Replacing Race with Class

References

Archival Sources

Chapter 5 1968 – WAS IT REALLY A YEAR OF SOCIAL CHANGE IN PAKISTAN?

Introduction

Ayub’s Industrialization Policy and Economic Growth

Student Movements Sparking the Protest of 1968

Industrial Workers Join the Protest Against Ayub Khan

Intellectuals, Journalists and Professionals Join the Agitation

Peasant Revolts Against Oppression

Impact of the Revolts on the Khan Regime: Success and Failure

Conclusion

References

Part II THEORETICAL & CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE

Chapter 6 NINETEEN SIXTIES RADICALISM IN THE UNITED STATES: ITS RISE, DECLINE AND LEGACY

Introduction

The Movement in the Context of the Conservative Nineteen Fifties

Breaking the Mould

The Identity of the Movement

The Break-up of the Movement

Harbingers of the Future or Misguided Youth? Contemporary Interpretations of the Movement and Lessons Learnt

The Achievements of the Movement

Conclusion: An Unfinished Movement

References

Chapter 7 STUDENTS, ARTISTS AND THE ICA: THE REVOLUTION WITHIN

1968: Writing and Event

Towards 1968: Negotiating Change in Post-War Society at the ICA

The Hornsey Affair: Art Students and Technological Change

TANK and the Media

1968 and Simultaneity: Drowning in the Devices

Conclusion: Change, Democracy and Technology

References

Chapter 8 THE SITUATIONIST LEGACY: REVOLUTION AS CELEBRATION

Introduction

Terminology (and a Point to be Made)

Thinking (and Daubing) for Yourself

Revolution as Celebration

The Legacy

Conclusion

References

Chapter 9 HABERMAS ON SIXTIES STUDENT PROTESTS: REFLECTIONS ON COLLECTIVE ACTION AND COMMUNICATIVE POTENTIAL

Introduction

Habermas and the SDS: From Empathy to Estrangement

Habermas’s Later Reflections on Radical Politics

Habermas and Post-Sixties Movements

Conclusion: Habermas Bridging Sixties Radicalism and Today’s Movements?

Notes

References

Part III SOCIAL MOVEMENT LEGACIES

Chapter 10 SIXTIES MOVEMENTS, EDUCATIONAL EXPANSION AND COGNITIVE MOBILISATION: POSTMATERIALIST VALUES AND UNCONVENTIONAL POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN WEST GERMANY

Introduction

Educational Expansion, Political Activity and Postmaterialism

Education and Political Activity and Postmaterialism on the Individual Level

Educational Expansion and Cognitive Mobilisation

Research Design: Methods, Sample and Instruments

Results of the Survey Analysis

Conclusions

Note

References

Chapter 11 CARRYING THE FLAME FORWARD: ACTIVIST LEGACIES OF 1968 IN LIFE STORY REFLECTIONS

Introduction

Activism and the Life Course: A Reflexive Life Story Project

Lighting the Flame: Authenticity and De-Integration

Critical Reflections on Activism

Carrying the Flame Forward: Movement ‘Latency’ and Personal Re-Integration

Conclusion

Notes

References

Chapter 12 WHEN THE PERSONAL BECAME POLITICAL: A REAPPRAISAL OF THE WOMEN’S LIBERATION MOVEMENT’S RADICAL IDEA

Origins of Politicisation and the Role of Consciousness Raising

Second Thoughts and the Media Massage

Conclusion: Personal Practice and the Sixties Heritage

Note

References

Conclusion RESURGENCE? THE LEGACY OF THE SIXTIES TO CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL MOVEMENTS

Introduction

Institutionalisation of Sixties Innovations: From Utopia to Heterotopias

Radicalism – Then and Now: Continuities and Differences

Evaluation: Survival and Resurgence?

Now They’re 64: Still Taking Radicalism Personally

Conclusion: Is Another World Possible?

References

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

END MATTER

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX