Chapter
Part I. The SALA Project. An overview
Part I. The SALA Project. An overview
Chapter 2. Study abroad and formal instruction contrasted
Chapter 2. Study abroad and formal instruction contrasted
2. The SALA Project’s general goal
2. The SALA Project’s general goal
3. Theoretical background
3. Theoretical background
3.1 SA and FI contexts and learner features: A framework for analysis
3.1 SA and FI contexts and learner features: A framework for analysis
3.2 Empirical findings on the impact of SA on linguistic progress
3.2 Empirical findings on the impact of SA on linguistic progress
4. The SALA Project: Aims, objectives and research questions
4. The SALA Project: Aims, objectives and research questions
5. Methods: The SALA studies
5. Methods: The SALA studies
5.3 Data collection instruments
5.3 Data collection instruments
5.4 Test validity and reliability
5.4 Test validity and reliability
7. Discussion and conclusions
7. Discussion and conclusions
Appendix I: SALA Individual Linguistic Profile Questionnaire
Appendix I: SALA Individual Linguistic Profile Questionnaire
Chapter 3. The ‘ins and outs’ of a study abroad programme
Chapter 3. The ‘ins and outs’ of a study abroad programme
2. The exchange programme: Its philosophy
2. The exchange programme: Its philosophy
3. Pre-departure preparation
3. Pre-departure preparation
4. Length of stay, point in the degree and level of proficiency on enrolment
4. Length of stay, point in the degree and level of proficiency on enrolment
5. Formal teaching component and resulting student workload during SA
5. Formal teaching component and resulting student workload during SA
6. Degree of contact with TL speakers
6. Degree of contact with TL speakers
7. Follow-up and de-briefing
7. Follow-up and de-briefing
Part II. The SALA Project.
Empirical findings
Part II. The SALA Project.
Empirical findings
Chapter 4. Oral accuracy growth after formal instruction and study abroad
Chapter 4. Oral accuracy growth after formal instruction and study abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
4.1 Oral accuracy development
4.1 Oral accuracy development
4.2 Native and non-native speaker accuracy
4.2 Native and non-native speaker accuracy
4.3 Learner pre-departure level and oral accuracy
4.3 Learner pre-departure level and oral accuracy
4.4 SA conditions and accuracy development
4.4 SA conditions and accuracy development
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 5. L2 fluency development in formal instruction and study abroad
Chapter 5. L2 fluency development in formal instruction and study abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 Fluency development in SLA: Defining oral fluency
2.1 Fluency development in SLA: Defining oral fluency
2.2 Fluency research in FI and SA contexts of acquisition
2.2 Fluency research in FI and SA contexts of acquisition
4.1 Longitudinal development
4.1 Longitudinal development
4.2 Learning context effects
4.2 Learning context effects
4.3 Initial fluency level
4.3 Initial fluency level
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 6. Phonological development in L2 speech production during study abroad programmes differing in length of stay
Chapter 6. Phonological development in L2 speech production during study abroad programmes differing in length of stay
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 The phonetic categories under study
2.1 The phonetic categories under study
2.2 L2 phonological acquisition
2.2 L2 phonological acquisition
4.1 Effect of SA on vowel production
4.1 Effect of SA on vowel production
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Appendix I – SALA Reading Aloud task
Appendix I – SALA Reading Aloud task
Chapter 7. The role of onset level on L2 perceptual phonological development after formal instruction and study abroad
Chapter 7. The role of onset level on L2 perceptual phonological development after formal instruction and study abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 Factors in L2 speech acquisition
2.1 Factors in L2 speech acquisition
2.2 L2 speech acquisition in SA contexts
2.2 L2 speech acquisition in SA contexts
4.1 Native versus non-native speakers’ performance
4.1 Native versus non-native speakers’ performance
4.2 Development of perceptual phonological competence
4.2 Development of perceptual phonological competence
4.3 Individual data analyses
4.3 Individual data analyses
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 8. Listening performance and onset level in formal instruction and study abroad
Chapter 8. Listening performance and onset level in formal instruction and study abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 Listening in S/FLA research
2.1 Listening in S/FLA research
4.1 Longitudinal progress in listening over a period of 15 months encompassing FI and SA
4.1 Longitudinal progress in listening over a period of 15 months encompassing FI and SA
4.2 Comparisons between gains during SA and AH
4.2 Comparisons between gains during SA and AH
4.3 Comparisons between NSs and NNSs performance
4.3 Comparisons between NSs and NNSs performance
4.4 Onset level in listening
4.4 Onset level in listening
4.5 Long-term effects: Performance at T4
4.5 Long-term effects: Performance at T4
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 9. Comparing progress in academic writing after formal instruction and study abroad
Chapter 9. Comparing progress in academic writing after formal instruction and study abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 Second language writing ability
2.1 Second language writing ability
2.2 Evaluating L2 writing using measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)
2.2 Evaluating L2 writing using measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF)
2.3 Previous research on writing in SA contexts
2.3 Previous research on writing in SA contexts
4.1 Comparisons between NS and NNS performance
4.1 Comparisons between NS and NNS performance
4.2 Development in writing across FI and SA contexts
4.2 Development in writing across FI and SA contexts
4.3 Long-term retention effects of progress made while abroad
4.3 Long-term retention effects of progress made while abroad
4.4 Differences in gains between FI periods and SA
4.4 Differences in gains between FI periods and SA
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 10. English L2 learners’ lexico-grammatical and motivational development at home and abroad
Chapter 10. English L2 learners’ lexico-grammatical and motivational development at home and abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 The lexico-grammatical continuum
2.1 The lexico-grammatical continuum
2.2 SA and (lexico-) grammatical development
2.2 SA and (lexico-) grammatical development
2.3 Motivation, beliefs and SA
2.3 Motivation, beliefs and SA
4.1 Lexico-grammatical development in AH and SA contexts
4.1 Lexico-grammatical development in AH and SA contexts
4.2 Long-term effects of SA
4.2 Long-term effects of SA
4.3 Comparison of NNS and NS performance
4.3 Comparison of NNS and NS performance
4.4 Learner motivation and beliefs
4.4 Learner motivation and beliefs
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 11. A longitudinal study of learners’ motivation and beliefs in at home and study abroad contexts
Chapter 11. A longitudinal study of learners’ motivation and beliefs in at home and study abroad contexts
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
4.1 Pre-departure motivation and beliefs
4.1 Pre-departure motivation and beliefs
4.2 Short-term changes after FI and after SA
4.2 Short-term changes after FI and after SA
4.3 Long-term retention effects after study abroad and formal instruction
4.3 Long-term retention effects after study abroad and formal instruction
4.4 Overall longitudinal effects
4.4 Overall longitudinal effects
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Chapter 12. Contrasting intercultural awareness at home and abroad
Chapter 12. Contrasting intercultural awareness at home and abroad
2. Theoretical background
2. Theoretical background
2.1 Intercultural awareness for intercultural communicative competence and SLA
2.1 Intercultural awareness for intercultural communicative competence and SLA
4.1 Effects of FI and SA on the development of intercultural awareness
4.1 Effects of FI and SA on the development of intercultural awareness
4.2 Short-term versus long-term SA effects (SA retention effects)
4.2 Short-term versus long-term SA effects (SA retention effects)
4.3 Comparison EG versus SCG
4.3 Comparison EG versus SCG
5. Discussion and conclusions
5. Discussion and conclusions
Appendix I: SALA excerpts from written compositions
Appendix I: SALA excerpts from written compositions
Part III. The SALA Project and beyond
Part III. The SALA Project and beyond
Chapter 13. Research on language development during study abroad
Chapter 13. Research on language development during study abroad
3. The institutional and social context
3. The institutional and social context
5. Individual differences
5. Individual differences
6. The quantitative and the qualitative
6. The quantitative and the qualitative