Chapter
Our Current Income Support System
Our Current Income Support System
The Issues and the Papers
The Issues and the Papers
Chapter 2. Stigma in Income-Tested Programs
Chapter 2. Stigma in Income-Tested Programs
The Intensified Stigma of Charity
The Intensified Stigma of Charity
Responses to Stigmatization
Responses to Stigmatization
Stigma in Other Income-Tested Programs
Stigma in Other Income-Tested Programs
Conclusion: Income Testing as an Intensifier of the Poverty Stigma
Conclusion: Income Testing as an Intensifier of the Poverty Stigma
Discussion: Modeling the Decision to Apply for Welfare
Discussion: Modeling the Decision to Apply for Welfare
Chapter 3. Income Testing and Social Cohesion
Chapter 3. Income Testing and Social Cohesion
Argument 1: Universal Programs Are Less Likely to Reduce Social Cohesion Than Are Income-Tested Programs
Argument 1: Universal Programs Are Less Likely to Reduce Social Cohesion Than Are Income-Tested Programs
Argument 2: Universal Programs Are No Less Likely, Perhaps Even More Likely, to Reduce Social Cohesion Than Income-Tested Programs
Argument 2: Universal Programs Are No Less Likely, Perhaps Even More Likely, to Reduce Social Cohesion Than Income-Tested Programs
Chapter 4. Income Testing and Politics: A Theoretical Model
Chapter 4. Income Testing and Politics: A Theoretical Model
The Politics of Income Testing
The Politics of Income Testing
Chapter 5. Social Policy Development in Europe and America: A Longer View on Selectivity and Income Testing
Chapter 5. Social Policy Development in Europe and America: A Longer View on Selectivity and Income Testing
When and Why Social Insurance Benefits and Educational Opportunities Became More Widely Extended
When and Why Social Insurance Benefits and Educational Opportunities Became More Widely Extended
Trends toward Universality of Coverage in Social Insurance and Education
Trends toward Universality of Coverage in Social Insurance and Education
Universality and Selectivity in Contemporary American Policies
Universality and Selectivity in Contemporary American Policies
Chapter Discussion: Ideology, Education, and Social Security
Chapter Discussion: Ideology, Education, and Social Security
6. A Simulation Analysis of the Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Program Structures: The Negative Income Tax versus the Credit Income Tax
6. A Simulation Analysis of the Economic Efficiency and Distributional Effects of Alternative Program Structures: The Negative Income Tax versus the Credit Income Tax
Introduction and Major Findings
Introduction and Major Findings
Results from the Simulations
Results from the Simulations
Chapter 7. Taxpayer Behavior and the Design of a Credit Income Tax
Chapter 7. Taxpayer Behavior and the Design of a Credit Income Tax
Definition of the Tax-Transfer Unit
Definition of the Tax-Transfer Unit
Accounting Period and Procedures
Accounting Period and Procedures
Definition of Taxable Income
Definition of Taxable Income
Administrative Arrangements
Administrative Arrangements
Categorization for Benefits
Categorization for Benefits
Costs of Administration and Compliance
Costs of Administration and Compliance
The Role of the CIT in Public Finance
The Role of the CIT in Public Finance
Political Economy and CIT Implementation
Political Economy and CIT Implementation
Appendix 7.A: Elements of Taxable Income for CIT
Appendix 7.A: Elements of Taxable Income for CIT
Appendix 7.B: CIT Administrative Design and Marginal Tax Rates
Appendix 7.B: CIT Administrative Design and Marginal Tax Rates
Chapter 8. Income Testing and Social Welfare: An Optimal Tax-Transfer Model
Chapter 8. Income Testing and Social Welfare: An Optimal Tax-Transfer Model
Summary, Qualifications, and Policy Implications
Summary, Qualifications, and Policy Implications
Appendix: Nonfully Integrated Tax-Transfer Systems
Appendix: Nonfully Integrated Tax-Transfer Systems
Chapter 9. Income Testing of In-Kind Transfers
Chapter 9. Income Testing of In-Kind Transfers
The Case for Income Testing
The Case for Income Testing
The Case for Universal Services
The Case for Universal Services
Conclusion: Income Testing as a Scarce Resource
Conclusion: Income Testing as a Scarce Resource
Chapter 10. Financing Health Care
Chapter 10. Financing Health Care
Current Arrangements for Financing American Health Care and Their Problems
Current Arrangements for Financing American Health Care and Their Problems
Major Goals and Other Considerations of NHI
Major Goals and Other Considerations of NHI
The Universal and Income-Tested Concepts as Applied to NHI
The Universal and Income-Tested Concepts as Applied to NHI
Alternative Approaches to NHI
Alternative Approaches to NHI
Assessment of NHI Alternatives
Assessment of NHI Alternatives
Chapter 11. Single-Parent Households under Alternative Transfer and Tax Systems
Chapter 11. Single-Parent Households under Alternative Transfer and Tax Systems
Why Single-Parent Households Present a Special Problem for Society
Why Single-Parent Households Present a Special Problem for Society
The History of Public Policy toward Support of Children in One-Parent Households
The History of Public Policy toward Support of Children in One-Parent Households
The Distributional Consequences of the Status Quo
The Distributional Consequences of the Status Quo
The Consequences of Credit and Negative Income Tax Schemes, with Categorical Modifications for One-Parent Households
The Consequences of Credit and Negative Income Tax Schemes, with Categorical Modifications for One-Parent Households
The Remaining Dilemma and a Possible Solution
The Remaining Dilemma and a Possible Solution
Chapter 12. Income Testing in Income Support Programs for the Aged
Chapter 12. Income Testing in Income Support Programs for the Aged
Should Social Adequacy be a Concern of OASI?
Should Social Adequacy be a Concern of OASI?
Models of the Three Systems
Models of the Three Systems
The Problem of What to Hold Constant
The Problem of What to Hold Constant
Isolating the Effects of the Welfare Features of OASI
Isolating the Effects of the Welfare Features of OASI
Appendix: Basic Provisions of the Supplemental Security Income Program
Appendix: Basic Provisions of the Supplemental Security Income Program
The Major Issues Reviewed
The Major Issues Reviewed
Income-Testing Particular Programs
Income-Testing Particular Programs
Income-Tested Transfer Programs
：The Case for and Against
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