Conservation of Marine Archaeological Objects

Author: Pearson   Colin  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2014

E-ISBN: 9781483294650

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780408106689

Subject: K1 World History

Keyword: 世界史

Language: ENG

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Description

Over the past twenty years there has been a significant increase in underwater activities such as scuba diving which, coupled with the adventure andromance always associated with shipwrecks, has led to rapid developments in the discovery and excavation of shipwrecked material. These shipwrecks are invaluable archaeological 'time capsules', which in themajoriety of cases have come to an equilibrium with their environment. As soon as artefacts on the wreck site are moved, this equilibrium is disturbed, and the artefacts may commence to deteriorate, sometimes in a rapid and devastating fashion. In fact excavation without having conservation facilities available is vandalism--the artefacts are much safer being left on the sea bed. Such famous shipwrecks as the Mary Rose (1545), the Wasa (1628) and the Batabia (1629) have not only brought the world's attention to these unique finds, but have also produced tremendous conservation problems. The treatment of a 30 metre waterlogged wooden hull or large cast iron cannon is still causing headaches to conservators.

Chapter

1.2 The nature of the sediment

1.2 The nature of the sediment

1.3 The nature of the biota

1.3 The nature of the biota

1.4 Classification of marine environments for wreck sites

1.4 Classification of marine environments for wreck sites

1.5 Classification of artefact sites within wreck sites

1.5 Classification of artefact sites within wreck sites

Chapter 2. Deterioration of organic materials other than wood

Chapter 2. Deterioration of organic materials other than wood

2.1 Introduction

2.1 Introduction

2.2 Organic artefact material of plant origin other than wood

2.2 Organic artefact material of plant origin other than wood

2.3 Structure of cellulosic materials other than wood

2.3 Structure of cellulosic materials other than wood

2.4 Proteinaceous materials used in artefacts

2.4 Proteinaceous materials used in artefacts

2.5 Fabrication of leather and parchment

2.5 Fabrication of leather and parchment

2.6 Enamel and dentine structures - teeth and ivory

2.6 Enamel and dentine structures - teeth and ivory

2.7 Bony structures (bones and antlers)

2.7 Bony structures (bones and antlers)

Chapter 3. Waterlogged wood

Chapter 3. Waterlogged wood

3.1 Introduction

3.1 Introduction

3.2 The fundamental problem

3.2 The fundamental problem

3.3 The structure of wood

3.3 The structure of wood

3.4 The drying of waterlogged wood

3.4 The drying of waterlogged wood

3.5 Drying above the fibre saturation point: collapse

3.5 Drying above the fibre saturation point: collapse

3.6 Drying below the fibre saturation point: shrinkage

3.6 Drying below the fibre saturation point: shrinkage

3.7 Overall dimensional behaviour on drying waterlogged wood

3.7 Overall dimensional behaviour on drying waterlogged wood

3.8 The condition of waterlogged wood

3.8 The condition of waterlogged wood

Chapter 4. Corrosion of metals

Chapter 4. Corrosion of metals

4.1 Introduction

4.1 Introduction

4.2 General factors in marine metal corrosion

4.2 General factors in marine metal corrosion

4.3 Site conditions and corrosion

4.3 Site conditions and corrosion

4.4 Iron

4.4 Iron

4.5 Copper

4.5 Copper

4.6 Brass and bronze

4.6 Brass and bronze

4.7 Lead

4.7 Lead

4.8 Tin

4.8 Tin

4.9 Pewter

4.9 Pewter

4.10 Silver and its alloys

4.10 Silver and its alloys

4.11 Aluminium

4.11 Aluminium

4.12 Gold

4.12 Gold

Chapter 5. Deterioration of ceramics, glass and stone

Chapter 5. Deterioration of ceramics, glass and stone

5.1 Introduction

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Ceramics

5.2 Ceramics

5.3 Glass

5.3 Glass

5.4 Stone

5.4 Stone

Chapter 6. Οn-site storage and conservation

Chapter 6. Οn-site storage and conservation

6.1 Introduction

6.1 Introduction

6.2 Responsibilities of the marine archaeologist

6.2 Responsibilities of the marine archaeologist

6.3 Responsibilities of the conservator

6.3 Responsibilities of the conservator

6.4 On-site storage and conservation procedures

6.4 On-site storage and conservation procedures

6.5 Metals

6.5 Metals

6.6 Glass, ceramics and stone

6.6 Glass, ceramics and stone

6.7 Organic materials

6.7 Organic materials

6.8 Composite objects

6.8 Composite objects

Chapter 7. The packing and transportation of marine archaeological objects

Chapter 7. The packing and transportation of marine archaeological objects

7.1 Introduction

7.1 Introduction

7.2 Packing materials

7.2 Packing materials

7.3 Specific methods of packing

7.3 Specific methods of packing

7.4 Transportation

7.4 Transportation

Chapter 8. Conservation of wet organic artefacts excluding wood

Chapter 8. Conservation of wet organic artefacts excluding wood

8.1 Introduction

8.1 Introduction

8.2 Water and the organic artefact

8.2 Water and the organic artefact

8.3 Criteria for treatment proposals

8.3 Criteria for treatment proposals

8.4 General approaches

8.4 General approaches

8.5 Conservation of marine leathers

8.5 Conservation of marine leathers

8.6 Conservation of marine textiles

8.6 Conservation of marine textiles

8.7 Cordage and wadding

8.7 Cordage and wadding

8.8 Matting

8.8 Matting

8.9 Bone, teeth, ivory

8.9 Bone, teeth, ivory

8.10 Cork

8.10 Cork

8.11 Baleen, horn, quill, feather, claws, hoof, tortoise shell

8.11 Baleen, horn, quill, feather, claws, hoof, tortoise shell

8.12 Amber

8.12 Amber

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

Chapter 9. Conservation of waterlogged wood

Chapter 9. Conservation of waterlogged wood

9.1 Introduction

9.1 Introduction

9.2 Impregnation and bulking

9.2 Impregnation and bulking

9.3 The development of treatments for waterlogged wood

9.3 The development of treatments for waterlogged wood

9.4 The development of polyethylene glycol methods for treating waterlogged wood

9.4 The development of polyethylene glycol methods for treating waterlogged wood

9.5 The use of sugars

9.5 The use of sugars

9.6 In situ polymerization

9.6 In situ polymerization

9.7 Impregnation with a wax or resin using a non-aqueous solvent and drying from a non-aqueous solvent

9.7 Impregnation with a wax or resin using a non-aqueous solvent and drying from a non-aqueous solvent

9.8 Silicates and siliceous materials

9.8 Silicates and siliceous materials

9.9 Comparisons between methods and guidelines for selection

9.9 Comparisons between methods and guidelines for selection

9.10 Practical conservation methods

9.10 Practical conservation methods

9.11 The special problems of large items such as complete hulls (Richard Clark)

9.11 The special problems of large items such as complete hulls (Richard Clark)

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

Chapter 10. Conservation of metals

Chapter 10. Conservation of metals

10.1 Introduction

10.1 Introduction

10.2 Removal from concretions

10.2 Removal from concretions

10.3 Iron

10.3 Iron

10.4 Copper and copper alloys

10.4 Copper and copper alloys

10.5 Silver

10.5 Silver

10.6 Lead

10.6 Lead

10.7 Tin and pewter

10.7 Tin and pewter

10.8 Gold and gold alloys

10.8 Gold and gold alloys

10.9 Aluminium

10.9 Aluminium

10.10 Composite artefacts

10.10 Composite artefacts

Appendix I

Appendix I

Appendix 2

Appendix 2

Chapter 11. Conservation of ceramics, glass and stone

Chapter 11. Conservation of ceramics, glass and stone

11.1 Ceramics

11.1 Ceramics

11.2 Glass

11.2 Glass

11.3 Stone

11.3 Stone

Chapter 12. Environmental considerations for storage and display of marine finds

Chapter 12. Environmental considerations for storage and display of marine finds

12.1 Introduction

12.1 Introduction

12.2 Light

12.2 Light

12.3 Relative humidity

12.3 Relative humidity

12.4 Temperature

12.4 Temperature

12.5 Atmospheric pollutants

12.5 Atmospheric pollutants

12.6 Insect and rodent control

12.6 Insect and rodent control

12.7 Biological growth

12.7 Biological growth

12.9 Materials of construction of storage and display units

12.9 Materials of construction of storage and display units

12.9 Support materials

12.9 Support materials

12.10 People control

12.10 People control

References

References

Index

Index

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