Front Cover

Front Cover

An Economic Analysis of Crime and Justice: Theory, Methods, and Applications

An Economic Analysis of Crime and Justice: Theory, Methods, and Applications

Copyright Page

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Preface

Preface

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 1. Introduction

Text

Text

Parr I: Statistical Analyses of Recidivism

Parr I: Statistical Analyses of Recidivism

Text

Text

Chapter 2. Statistical Analysis of Qualitative Outcomes

Chapter 2. Statistical Analysis of Qualitative Outcomes

2.1. Introduction

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Least Squares with Dummy Variables

2.2. Least Squares with Dummy Variables

2.3. The Logit Model

2.3. The Logit Model

2.4. The Polytomous Logit Model

2.4. The Polytomous Logit Model

2.5. Logit Models with Only Qualitative Regressors

2.5. Logit Models with Only Qualitative Regressors

2.6. Probit Models

2.6. Probit Models

2.7. Discriminant Analysis versus Logit Analysis

2.7. Discriminant Analysis versus Logit Analysis

Notes

Notes

Chapter 3. Logit Analysis of the Nature of Criminal Activity

Chapter 3. Logit Analysis of the Nature of Criminal Activity

3.1. Introduction

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Data

3.2. Data

3.3. Analysis of Seriousness of Criminal Activity

3.3. Analysis of Seriousness of Criminal Activity

3.4. Further Results on Seriousness of Criminal Activity

3.4. Further Results on Seriousness of Criminal Activity

3.5. Analysis of Type of Criminal Activity

3.5. Analysis of Type of Criminal Activity

3.6. Further Results on Type of Criminal Activity

3.6. Further Results on Type of Criminal Activity

3.7. Summary and Conclusions

3.7. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 4. Statistical Analysis of Censored or Truncated Outcomes

Chapter 4. Statistical Analysis of Censored or Truncated Outcomes

4.1. Introduction

4.1. Introduction

4.2. The Truncated Normal Model

4.2. The Truncated Normal Model

4.3. The Censored Normal (Tobit) Model

4.3. The Censored Normal (Tobit) Model

4.4. A Two-Part Tobit Model

4.4. A Two-Part Tobit Model

4.5. Sample Selection Model

4.5. Sample Selection Model

4.6. The Simultaneous Tobit Model

4.6. The Simultaneous Tobit Model

4.7. Summary

4.7. Summary

Chapter 5. Tobit Analysis of the Total Length of Time Sentenced for Recidivist Offenses

Chapter 5. Tobit Analysis of the Total Length of Time Sentenced for Recidivist Offenses

5.1. Introduction

5.1. Introduction

5.2. Analysis of the 1969 and 1971 Data

5.2. Analysis of the 1969 and 1971 Data

5.3. Analysis of the 1975 Data

5.3. Analysis of the 1975 Data

5.4. Analysis of Subsamples of the 1975 Data

5.4. Analysis of Subsamples of the 1975 Data

5.5. Summary and Conclusions

5.5. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 6. Statistical Analysis of Survival Times

Chapter 6. Statistical Analysis of Survival Times

6.1. Introduction

6.1. Introduction

6.2. The Exponential Case

6.2. The Exponential Case

6.3. The Lognormal Case

6.3. The Lognormal Case

6.4. Split Population Models

6.4. Split Population Models

6.5. The Hazard Rate

6.5. The Hazard Rate

6.6. Heterogenity versus State Dependence

6.6. Heterogenity versus State Dependence

6.7. The Proportional Hazards Model

6.7. The Proportional Hazards Model

6.8. Summary and Conclusions

6.8. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 7. Analysis of the Length of Time until Recidivism

Chapter 7. Analysis of the Length of Time until Recidivism

7.1. Introduction

7.1. Introduction

7.2. Analysis of the 1969 and 1971 Data

7.2. Analysis of the 1969 and 1971 Data

7.3. Analysis of the 1975 Data

7.3. Analysis of the 1975 Data

7.4. Analysis of Subsamples of the 1975 Data

7.4. Analysis of Subsamples of the 1975 Data

7.5. Summary and Conclusions

7.5. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 8. Use of Models of Recidivism for Program Evaluation

Chapter 8. Use of Models of Recidivism for Program Evaluation

8.1. Introduction

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Techniques for Program Evaluation

8.2. Techniques for Program Evaluation

8.3. The Program and the Data

8.3. The Program and the Data

8.4. Evaluation Based on Length of Time Sentenced

8.4. Evaluation Based on Length of Time Sentenced

8.5. Evaluation Based on Length of Time until Recidivism

8.5. Evaluation Based on Length of Time until Recidivism

8.6. Summary and Conclusions

8.6. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Part II: Testing the Economie Model of Crime

Part II: Testing the Economie Model of Crime

Text

Text

Chapter 9. Economic Models of Criminal Behavior

Chapter 9. Economic Models of Criminal Behavior

9.1. Introduction

9.1. Introduction

9.2. The Theory of Consumer Demand and Labor Supply

9.2. The Theory of Consumer Demand and Labor Supply

9.3. Behavior toward Risk

9.3. Behavior toward Risk

9.4. A Simple Economic Model of Crime

9.4. A Simple Economic Model of Crime

9.5. A Simple Model of the Allocation of Time to Crime

9.5. A Simple Model of the Allocation of Time to Crime

9.6. Another Time Allocation Model

9.6. Another Time Allocation Model

9.7. A More Complex Model of the Allocation of Time

9.7. A More Complex Model of the Allocation of Time

9.8. A Survey of Economic Models of Crime

9.8. A Survey of Economic Models of Crime

9.9. Summary and Conclusions

9.9. Summary and Conclusions

Appendix 9.1. Derivation of Comparative Static Results for the Model of Section 9.5

Appendix 9.1. Derivation of Comparative Static Results for the Model of Section 9.5

Appendix 9.2. Analysis of a Model in Which Time Enters the Utility Function

Appendix 9.2. Analysis of a Model in Which Time Enters the Utility Function

Notes

Notes

Chapter 10. Estimating a Simple Economic Model of Criminal Behavior

Chapter 10. Estimating a Simple Economic Model of Criminal Behavior

10.1. Introduction

10.1. Introduction

10.2. An Empirical Model of Criminal Activity

10.2. An Empirical Model of Criminal Activity

10.3. Estimates of a Model for All Criminal Behavior

10.3. Estimates of a Model for All Criminal Behavior

10.4. Results for Specific Types of Offenses

10.4. Results for Specific Types of Offenses

10.5. Summary and Conclusions

10.5. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 11. Labor Markets for Prison Releasees

Chapter 11. Labor Markets for Prison Releasees

11.1. Introduction

11.1. Introduction

11.2. An Empirical Model of Postrelease Labor Market Performance

11.2. An Empirical Model of Postrelease Labor Market Performance

11.3. Empirical Results for Wages after Release

11.3. Empirical Results for Wages after Release

11.4. Empirical Results for Work Stability

11.4. Empirical Results for Work Stability

11.5. An Assessment of the Evidence on Postrelease Labor Market Performance

11.5. An Assessment of the Evidence on Postrelease Labor Market Performance

11.6. Summary and Conclusions

11.6. Summary and Conclusions

Appendix 11.1. Comparison of Studies of Labor Market Performance of Prison Releases

Appendix 11.1. Comparison of Studies of Labor Market Performance of Prison Releases

Notes

Notes

Chapter 12. An Estimate of a Simultaneous Model of Criminal Behavior and Labor Market Success

Chapter 12. An Estimate of a Simultaneous Model of Criminal Behavior and Labor Market Success

12.1. Introduction

12.1. Introduction

12.2. The Empirical Model

12.2. The Empirical Model

12.3. The Empirical Results

12.3. The Empirical Results

12.4. Summary and Conclusions

12.4. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Part III: The Use of Production and Cost Theory in Criminal Justice Research

Part III: The Use of Production and Cost Theory in Criminal Justice Research

Text

Text

Chapter 13. Modern Production and Cost Theory and Its Use in the Study of Production in Public Organizations

Chapter 13. Modern Production and Cost Theory and Its Use in the Study of Production in Public Organizations

13.1. Introduction

13.1. Introduction

13.2. The Basic Theory of Cost and Production

13.2. The Basic Theory of Cost and Production

13.3. Some Extension of Cost and Production Theory

13.3. Some Extension of Cost and Production Theory

13.4. Adaptations of Simple Production and Cost Theory

13.4. Adaptations of Simple Production and Cost Theory

13.5. Summary and Conclusions

13.5. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 14. A Model of Costs for Large-Scale Prisons

Chapter 14. A Model of Costs for Large-Scale Prisons

14.1. Introduction

14.1. Introduction

14.2. The Relationship of the Prison System to Other Organizations

14.2. The Relationship of the Prison System to Other Organizations

14.3. The Goals of Prison Systems

14.3. The Goals of Prison Systems

14.4. What Is the Productive Unit and What Does It Produce?

14.4. What Is the Productive Unit and What Does It Produce?

14.5. A Long-Run Cost Model for Large-Scale Prisons

14.5. A Long-Run Cost Model for Large-Scale Prisons

14.6. A Short-Run Cost Model for Large-Scale Prisons

14.6. A Short-Run Cost Model for Large-Scale Prisons

14.7. Summary and Conclusions

14.7. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 15. Short-Run Cost Functions for Large-Scale Prisons

Chapter 15. Short-Run Cost Functions for Large-Scale Prisons

15.1. Introduction

15.1. Introduction

15.2. Empirical Results for Federal Prisons

15.2. Empirical Results for Federal Prisons

15.3. Empirical Results for California Prisons

15.3. Empirical Results for California Prisons

15.4. Policy Implications and Possible Uses of the Short-Run Results

15.4. Policy Implications and Possible Uses of the Short-Run Results

15.5. Summary and Conclusions

15.5. Summary and Conclusions

Appendix 15.1. Determination of the Shape of the Average Cost Function for Two Specific Parametric Combinations

Appendix 15.1. Determination of the Shape of the Average Cost Function for Two Specific Parametric Combinations

Notes

Notes

Chapter 16. Long-Run Cost Functions for Federal Correctional Institutions

Chapter 16. Long-Run Cost Functions for Federal Correctional Institutions

16.1. Introduction

16.1. Introduction

16.2. The Data

16.2. The Data

16.3. Empirical Results

16.3. Empirical Results

16.4. Summary and Conclusions

16.4. Summary and Conclusions

Notes

Notes

Chapter 17. Summary and Conclusions

Chapter 17. Summary and Conclusions

17.1. Introduction

17.1. Introduction

17.2. Summary of Part I

17.2. Summary of Part I

17.3. Conclusions from Part I

17.3. Conclusions from Part I

17.4. Summary of Part II

17.4. Summary of Part II

17.5. Conclusions from Part II

17.5. Conclusions from Part II

17.6. Summary of Part III

17.6. Summary of Part III

17.7. Conclusions from Part III

17.7. Conclusions from Part III

17.8. General Conclusions

17.8. General Conclusions

Appendix A: Description of the 1969 and 1971 North Carolina Department of Correction Data Set

Appendix A: Description of the 1969 and 1971 North Carolina Department of Correction Data Set

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Text

Appendix B: Description of the 1975 Data Set

Appendix B: Description of the 1975 Data Set

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Text

Appendix C: Description of Data Used to Estimate Cost Functions

Appendix C: Description of Data Used to Estimate Cost Functions

C.1. The Data Available for the Federal Prison System

C.1. The Data Available for the Federal Prison System

C.2. The Data Available for the California Prison System

C.2. The Data Available for the California Prison System

C.3. Evaluation of the Data Bases

C.3. Evaluation of the Data Bases

Notes

Notes

References

References

Index

Index