Chapter
1.3 INCENTIVES, BARRIERS, AND BENEFITS OF GOING GREEN
1.3.1 Tax Deductions and Incentives
1.3.2 Green Building Programs
1.3.3 Defining Sustainable Communities
1.3.4 Potential Risks of Building Green
1.4 ESTABLISHING MEASURABLE GREEN CRITERIA
1.5 EMERGING DIRECTIONS: MOVING FORWARD
TWO - COMPONENTS OF SUSTAINABLE DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION
2.2 GREEN BUILDING EVALUATION SYSTEMS
2.3 USGBC LEED CERTIFICATION AND RATING SYSTEM
2.3.1 LEED Process Overview
2.3.3 The LEED Points Rating System
2.3.4 LEED Building Certification Model
2.4 THE CHALLENGE OF THE GREEN GLOBES RATING SYSTEM
2.4.1 An Overview of the Green Building Initiative and Green Globes
2.4.2 Defining the Green Globes Rating System
2.4.3 Green Globes—An Alternative to LEED?
2.5 GREEN RATING STANDARDS USED WORLDWIDE
Components of Sustainable Design and Construction
THREE - THE GREEN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
3.2 GREEN BUILDING PRINCIPLES AND COMPONENTS
3.2.1 Principles of Green Design
Water Efficiency and Conservation
Indoor Environmental Quality and Safety
Commissioning Operation and Maintenance
Livable Communities and Neighborhoods
3.2.2 High Performance and Smart/Intelligent Buildings
3.2.3 Building Information Modeling (BIM)
3.3 HIGH PERFORMANCE DESIGN STRATEGIES
3.3.1 Green Design Strategies
3.3.2 The Integrated Design Process (IDP)
3.3.3 Green Building Design and Delivery
3.3.4 Putting Together the Integrated Multidisciplinary Project Team
3.4 THE DESIGN PROCESS FOR HIGH PERFORMANCE BUILDINGS
3.5 GREEN PROJECT DELIVERY SYSTEMS
3.6 TRADITIONAL GREEN DESIGN-BID-BUILD PROJECT DELIVERY
3.7 GREEN CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT
3.8 GREEN DESIGN-BUILD PROJECT DELIVERY
3.8.1 Design-Build Process Basics
3.8.2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Design-Build
3.8.3 Factors That Impact the Decision to Choose Design-Build
3.8.4 AIA Design-Build Documents
FOUR - GREEN PROJECT COST MONITORING AND CLOSEOUT
4.1.1 Project Evaluation and Analysis
4.2 FRONT-END PROJECT ANALYSIS
4.2.1 Construction Documents Review
4.4 SITE VISITS AND OBSERVATIONS
4.4.1 Lender’s Preconstruction Meeting
4.4.2 Preconstruction Documents
4.4.3 Walk the Site/Project
4.4.4 Photo Documentation
4.5 LOAN DISBURSEMENTS—DRAW APPLICATION REVIEWS
4.5.1 Value of Work in Place
4.5.2 Stored Materials Funding
4.5.4 Lender/Owner Retainage
4.5.6 Supplemental Conditions
4.5.7 The Designer of Record/Administrator Sign Off
4.6.1 Draw Applications—Documents Required
4.6.5 Construction Schedule and Schedule of Values
4.6.6 Project Progress Meetings
4.6.7 Stored Materials Funding and Documentation
4.6.8 Subcontracts and Purchase Orders
4.6.9 Payment and Performance Bonds
4.6.10 RFI and Other Logs
4.6.11 Permits and Approvals
4.7 FINAL CERTIFICATION AND PROJECT CLOSEOUT
4.7.1 As-Built Drawings/Record Drawings
4.7.2 Contractor’s Certificate of Compliance
4.7.3 Architect/Administrator’s Certificate of Substantial Completion
4.7.4 Architect/Administrator’s Certified Copy of Final Punchlist
4.7.5 COs, Use, and Operation
4.7.6 Final Waivers of Lien
4.7.7 Miscellaneous Issues
Commissioning and Warranties
Architect’s Supplemental Instructions
Shop Drawing Submittal and Review Procedure
Freedom of Information Letters (FOIL’s)
4.8 QUALITY CONTROL AND QUALITY ASSURANCE
Green Project Cost Monitoring and Closeout
FIVE - BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING (BIM)
5.1 WHAT IS BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING—BRIEF HISTORY AND OVERVIEW
5.2 BASIC BENEFITS AND CHALLENGES/RISKS OF USING BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
5.2.1 Benefits of Using Building Information Modeling
5.2.2 Risks Associated With Applying Building Information Modeling to Sustainable Projects
5.3 INTEGRATED PROJECT DELIVERY—SHARING INTELLIGENT DATA FOR SUSTAINABLE SOLUTIONS
5.4 BUILDING FORM WITH BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
5.4.1 Customizing Building Information Modeling
5.4.2 Making the Transformation
5.5 BUILDING SYSTEMS WITH BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING
5.5.1 Virtual Best Practices
5.6 THE FUTURE OF BIM AND ITS USE WORLDWIDE
SIX - GREEN BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
6.1.1 Definition of Green Building Material and Products
6.1.2 Natural Versus Synthetic Materials
6.1.3 Storage and Collection of Recyclables
6.2 LOW-EMITTING MATERIALS
6.2.1 Adhesives, Finishes, and Sealants
6.2.2 Paints and Coatings
6.2.4 Earthen Building Materials
Factors That Can Impact the Full Frame R-Value of a Window
6.2.6 Miscellaneous Building Elements
Gypsum Wall Board (Drywall)
Choosing Roofing Materials
Extensive and Intensive Green Roofs
6.3 BUILDING AND MATERIAL REUSE
Maintaining Structural Elements: Existing Walls, Floors, and Roof
Potential Technologies and Strategies
Interior Nonstructural Elements
LEED Potential Technologies and Strategies
6.4 CONSTRUCTION WASTE MANAGEMENT
6.7 RAPIDLY RENEWABLE MATERIALS
6.7.5 Straw-Bale Construction
6.8 GREEN OFFICE EQUIPMENT
6.9 FORESTRY CERTIFICATION AND CERTIFIED WOOD
6.10 LIFE-CYCLE ASSESSMENT AND LIFE-CYCLE COST ANALYSIS OF BUILDING MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS
6.10.1 Life-Cycle Assessment
6.10.2 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
6.11 THIRD-PARTY CERTIFICATION
Green Building Materials and Products
SEVEN - INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY
7.1.1 Causes of Indoor Pollution
7.1.2 Sick Building Syndrome
7.1.3 Building-Related Illness
7.2 FACTORS THAT AFFECT IEQ
Combustion-Generated Contaminates
Organic Contaminants—Aldehydes, VOCs/Semivolatile Organic Compounds, Pesticides
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Rodent, Insect, and Animal Allergens
7.2.2 General Steps to Reducing Pollutant Exposure
Investigating Indoor Air Quality
7.2.5 Daylighting and the Daylight Factor
Daylighting and Visual Comfort
Shades and Shade Controls
7.3 VENTILATION AND FILTRATION
7.3.1 Ventilation and Ductwork
7.3.4 Amount of Ventilation
7.3.5 Ventilation Improvements
7.4 BUILDING MATERIALS AND FINISHES—EMITTANCE LEVELS
7.4.1 Toxic Building Materials
Volatile Organic Compounds
Halogenated Flame Retardants
7.4.2 Resources for Locating Healthy Building Materials
Indoor Environmental Quality
EIGHT - WATER EFFICIENCY AND SANITARY WASTE
8.2 WASTEWATER STRATEGY AND WATER REUSE/RECYCLING
8.2.1 Reclaimed Water Versus Gray Water Systems
8.2.2 Innovative Wastewater Technologies
8.2.3 Water Use Reduction
Gray Water Demonstrations
Construction Waste Management
8.3 WATER FIXTURES AND REDUCING WATER STRATEGY
8.3.1 Toilet and Urinal Types
8.3.2 Faucets and Showerheads
Metering Faucets and Aerators
Flow-Optimized Showerheads
8.3.3 Baseline Water Consumption Calculations
Establishing Full-Time Equivalent Occupants’ Water Use
8.4 RETENTION AND DETENTION PONDS, BIOSWALES, AND OTHER SYSTEMS
Water Efficiency and Sanitary Waste
NINE - IMPACT OF ENERGY AND ATMOSPHERE
9.2 THE BUILDING ENVELOPE
9.2.1 Exterior Wall Systems
Exterior Insulation and Finish System
Siding/Cladding/Weatherboard
Windows, Exterior Doors, and Skylights
9.3 INTELLIGENT ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
9.3.1 Building Automation and Intelligent Buildings
9.4 MECHANICAL SYSTEMS: AIR CONDITIONING, HEATING, AND VENTILATION
9.4.1 Refrigerants: Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and Chlorofluorocarbons
9.4.2 Types of Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Systems
Electric Baseboard Heaters
Hot Water Heating Systems
9.4.5 Air Conditioning Systems
Vapor Compression Refrigeration
Exterior Wall or Window Air Conditioning Units
Central Air Conditioning Systems
9.4.6 Basic Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning System Types
9.4.7 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning System Requirements
9.4.8 Common Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Deficiencies
9.4.9 Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning Components and Systems
Grills, Registers, and Diffusers
9.5 ELECTRICAL POWER AND LIGHTING SYSTEMS
9.5.1 Understanding Amps, Volts, and Watts
9.5.2 Electrical Components
Switchgear and Switchboards
Service Outlets and Receptacles
Motors, Switches, and Controls
Exterior Lighting Systems
Emergency Lighting Systems
Active Solar Energy Systems
9.6.2 Solar Electric System Basics
9.6.3 Types of Solar Energy Systems
Passive Solar Energy Systems
9.7 FEDERAL TAX CREDITS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY
9.8 FIRE SUPPRESSION SYSTEMS
Automatic Sprinkler Systems
Deluge and Preaction Systems
Foam–Water Sprinkler Systems
Fire Hose and Standpipe Systems
9.8.3 Handheld Fire Extinguishers
Classification of HandHeld Fire Extinguisher
Types of Fire Extinguishers
9.8.4 Smoke and Heat Detection Systems
Alarm Systems and Notification Systems
9.8.6 Codes and Standards
Impact of Energy and Atmosphere
TEN - GREEN DESIGN AND BUILDING ECONOMICS
10.2 COSTS AND BENEFITS OF GREEN DESIGN
10.2.1 Economic Benefits of Green Building
10.2.2 Cost Considerations of Green Design
10.2.3 Increased Productivity
10.2.4 Improved Tenant/Employee Health
10.2.5 Increased Recruitment and Retention
10.2.6 Increased Property Values and Marketability
10.2.7 Miscellaneous Indirect Benefits
10.2.8 External Economic Effects
10.3.1 Initial/First Costs
10.3.2 Life-Cycle Cost Analysis
10.4 TAX BENEFITS AND INCENTIVES
10.5 OTHER GREEN BUILDING COSTS
10.5.1 Operational Energy and Water Costs
10.5.2 Operation, Repair, and Maintenance Costs
10.5.3 Durability and Replacement Costs
10.5.4 Finance Charges and Other Costs
10.6 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS TOOLS AND METHODS
10.6.1 Present-Value Analysis
10.6.2 Sensitivity Analysis
10.6.3 Break-Even Analysis
10.6.4 Computer Estimating Programs
10.6.5 Relevant Codes and Standards
Green Design and Building Economics
ELEVEN - GREEN PROJECT COMMISSIONING
11.2 FUNDAMENTAL COMMISSIONING BASICS
11.2.1 What Is Commissioning?
11.3 BUILDING COMMISSIONING OBJECTIVES—COSTS AND BENEFITS
11.3.2 Benefits of Fundamental Commissioning
11.3.3 The Goals and Objectives of Commissioning
11.3.4 Factors Affecting Cost of Commissioning
11.3.5 Long-Term Cost Implications of Commissioning
11.4 PLANNING THE COMMISSIONING PROCESS
11.4.1 Documentation—Compliance and Acceptance
11.5 COMMISSIONING AUTHORITY (COMMISSIONING SERVICE PROVIDER)
11.5.1 Commissioning Authority—Commissioning Provider Responsibilities
11.5.2 The Commissioning Team
11.5.3 Commissioning Authority Qualifications and Certification
11.6 THE COMMISSIONING PROCESS
11.6.1 Commissioning Process
11.6.2 Fundamental Commissioning
11.6.3 Enhanced Commissioning
11.6.4 Retrocommissioning—Commissioning for Existing Buildings
Systems Performance Monitoring
Deferred Seasonal Testing
Relevant Resources, Codes, and Standards
Green Project Commissioning
TWELVE - PROJECT COST ANALYSIS
12.2 BUDGET DEVELOPMENT—AN ANALYSIS
12.3 PROJECT BUYOUT AND BID SHOPPING
12.4 GENERAL CONDITIONS AND SUPPLEMENTAL CONDITIONS
12.4.1 Supplemental Conditions
12.5 CONTINGENCIES AND ALLOWANCES
12.5.1 Construction Contingencies
12.6 GREEN PROJECT COST MANAGEMENT
12.6.1 Successful Cost Management Procedures
12.6.2 Risk Allowance Management
THIRTEEN - GREEN SPECIFICATIONS AND DOCUMENTATION
13.2 ARE SPECIFICATIONS NECESSARY?
13.3 SPECIFICATIONS—TYPES AND CATEGORIES
13.3.1 Closed or Prescriptive Specification
1.3.3.2 Open or Performance Specifications
Descriptive Specifications
Performance Specifications
Proprietary (Product) Specifications
13.4 DEVELOPING THE PROJECT MANUAL
13.5 SPECIFICATION ORGANIZATION AND FORMAT
13.5.1 Specification Section Format
13.6 GREENING SPECIFICATIONS
CSI Green Product Specification Outline
13.7 COMPUTERIZED SPECIFICATION WRITING SYSTEMS
13.9 REFERENCED STANDARDS
Green Specifications and Documentation
FOURTEEN - TYPES OF BUILDING CONTRACT AGREEMENTS
14.2 BIDDING PROCESS AND TYPES OF BUILDING CONTRACTS
14.2.3 Construction Manager as Constructor
14.3 BID SOLICITATION AND TYPES OF BUILDING CONTRACTS
14.3.1 Lump Sum (or Fixed Fee)
Advantages of Lump Sum Contract
Disadvantages of a Lump Sum Contract
A Lump Sum Contract With Price Adjustment
14.3.2 Cost-Plus Contract
Advantages of the Cost Plus Contract
Disadvantages of the Cost Plus Contract
14.3.3 Guaranteed Maximum Price
14.3.4 Unit Price Contract
Advantages of a Unit Price Contract
Disadvantages of a Unit Price Contract
14.3.5 Project Management Contract
Advantages of Project Management
Disadvantages of Project Management
Advantages of a Labor Contract
Disadvantages of a Labor Contract
14.3.7 Negotiated Contract
14.4 AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
14.4.1 A-Series: Owner/Contractor Agreements
14.4.2 B-Series: Owner/Architect Agreements
14.4.3 C-Series: Other Agreements
14.4.4 D-Series: Miscellaneous Documents
14.4.5 E-Series: Exhibits
14.4.6 G-Series: Contract Administration and Project Management Forms
14.5 CONSENSUSDOCS CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
14.6 ENGINEERS JOINT CONTRACT DOCUMENTS COMMITTEE CONTRACT DOCUMENTS
14.6.1 Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee Documents: Construction
14.6.2 Engineers Joint Contract Documents Committee Documents: Contract Document Sets
FIFTEEN - GREEN BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT
15.2 THE OFFICE: HOME-BASED VERSUS BRICKS-AND-MORTAR
15.3 CREATING A SUCCESSFUL BUSINESS PLAN
15.4 START-UP COSTS, CAPITALIZATION, AND SETTING A BUDGET
15.4.2 Employees and Required Forms
15.4.3 Office Utilities, Equipment, and Furnishings
Needed Decorating or Remodeling
15.4.7 Accounting and Bookkeeping
15.4.8 Miscellaneous Issues
15.5 CREATING A CORPORATE IMAGE
15.5.1 The Corporate Image
15.5.2 Advertising and Promotion
15.5.3 Marketing Company Services
15.6 TRACK AND IDENTIFY SOURCES FOR LEADS
15.7 THE IMPORTANCE OF SELLING YOURSELF
15.8 BUSINESS FORM, LICENSES, PERMITS, AND INSURANCE
15.8.1 Name and Legal Structure
15.8.2 Federal Employer Identification Number
15.8.3 Licenses and Permits
Business Operation License
Other Licenses and Permits
15.9 TAXES, STRATEGIES, AND INCENTIVES
15.9.1 Tax Deductions and Write-Offs
15.10 THE INTERNET AND INTERNET MARKETING
15.10.1 Importance of a Website in This Competitive World
15.10.2 Planning a Website
Registering a Domain Name (Web Address) and Setting Up the Website
15.10.3 Website Components and Website Content
15.10.4 Pinpoint Target Audience and Determine Their Interests
Convert Site Visitors to Clients
Green Business Development
SIXTEEN - BUILDING GREEN—LITIGATION AND LIABILITY ISSUES
16.2 LIABILITY-RELATED ISSUES
16.2.1 Green Material and Products Claims
16.2.2 Green Performance-Related Claims
16.2.3 Alternative Dispute Resolution
16.3 FAILURE, NEGLIGENCE, AND STANDARD OF CARE
The Preliminary Assessment
Standard of Care and Duty to Perform
16.4 ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION VERSUS TRADITIONAL LITIGATION
16.4.1 Alternative Dispute Resolution Techniques
Unassisted and Assisted Negotiation
16.4.2 Traditional Litigation
16.4.3 Professional Ethics and Confidentiality
16.5 INSURANCE PROGRAMS AND REQUIREMENTS
16.5.1 Commercial General Liability
16.5.3 Errors and Omissions (E&O) Insurance
16.5.4 Workman’s Compensation Insurance
16.5.5 Professional Liability Insurance
16.5.6 Standard Documents and Related Issues
16.5.7 Influence of Green Features on Insurance Policies in the United States
Building Green—Litigation and Liability Issues
Sample Pay Approval Letter (Certification Letter): AIA Forms
PLANS AND DOCUMENT REVIEW
BUILDING CONDITION REVIEW
A. STATUS OF CONSTRUCTION
Building No. 1 (Units 1–5)
Building No. 2 (Units 6–12)
Building No. 3 (Units 12–18)
B. CERTIFIED VALUES OF WORK-IN-PLACE
C. ACTUAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS VERSUS DIRECT COST BUDGET
E. QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
I. CERTIFICATES OF OCCUPANCY (“CO”)
L. OUTSTANDING DOCUMENTATION
BUILDING DEPARTMENT INFORMATION REQUEST
ABBREVIATED PROPERTY CONDITION REPORT
2. PROCEDURES AND PROTOCOL
2.3 Research and Interviews
3. PROJECT IDENTIFICATION
5. GENERAL DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION
6. GENERAL PHYSICAL CONDITION
8. CONSULTANT’S CERTIFICATION
PROPERTY CONDITION ASSESSMENT RESEARCH
PROPERTY CONDITION REPORT PROJECT FILES (ORDER OF WORK FILES WITHIN A PROJECT FILE)
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ORGANIZATIONS AND AGENCIES
REFERENCED STANDARDS AND LEGISLATION
ABBREVIATED GENERAL TERMINOLOGY
Handbook of Green Building Design and Construction
：LEED, BREEAM, and Green Globes
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