The Planet Earth ( 2 )

Publication series :2

Author: Bates   D. R.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2016

E-ISBN: 9781483135991

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780080135014

Subject: P3 Geophysics

Keyword: 天文学、地球科学

Language: ENG

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Description

The Planet Earth, Second Edition reviews remarkable advances in understanding the physical aspects of the Earth, including technical developments that have made various new types of observation and measurement possible, as well as a deepened understanding of the fundamental laws of nature that have given the necessary basis for the interpretation of many of the complex phenomena concerned. Topics covered include the Van Allen radiation belts, the Mohole project, continental drift and polar wandering, the theory of magnetic storms and aurorae; and the possibility of extra-terrestrial sources of life.
This book is comprised of 18 chapters and begins with an overview of the work and achievements of the International Geophysical Year. The reader is then introduced to the Earth's physical properties such as the deep interior, crust, oceans, climate, and geomagnetic field, as well as its origin, age, and possible ultimate fate. Subsequent chapters explore the composition and structure of the Earth's atmosphere; the general circulation of the atmosphere and oceans; the ice ages; meteorology and weather forecasting; and experimental proof of the existence of the ionosphere. The airglow, aurorae and magnetic storms, meteors, cosmic radiation, and radiation belts are also described. The final chapter examines the genesis of life on Earth.
This monograph is intended for students and practitioners of planetary and geophysical sciences.

Chapter

HISTORY AND ORGANIZATION

WORLD DATA CENTRES AND PUBLICATIONS

SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE IGY PLANS

AFTER THE IGY

CHAPTER TWO. Origin, Age, and Possible Ultimate Fate of the Earth

THE AGE OF THE EARTH

THE FORMATION OF THE PLANETS

THE FORMATION OF THE EARTH

EARLY CONDITION OF THE EARTH

THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE

POSSIBLE ULTIMATE FATE

CHAPTER THREE. The Deep Interior

THE EARTH'S MASS AND MEAN DENSITY

MOMENT OF INERTIA

EARTHQUAKES

THE MOHOROVlClO DISCONTINUITY

LAYERS OF THE DEEP INTERIOR

DETAILED DENSITY DISTRIBUTION

PRESSURE AND GRAVITY IN THE EARTH

ELASTICITY

COMPOSITION OF THE DEEP INTERIOR

TEMPERATURE

CHAPTER FOUR. The Crust

EARTHQUAKES AND FRACTURES

METHODS OF DATING ROCKS

KINDS OF ROCKS

THE OCEAN BASINS

THE GROWTH OF MOUNTAINS

CHAPTER FIVE. The Oceans

SOURCES OF ENERGY

THE TIDES

OCEAN CURRENTS

MIXING IN THE OCEANS

BIOLOGY OF THE OCEANS

ANTARCTIC OCEANOGRAPHY

CHAPTER SIX. Geomagnetic Field

SECULAR CHANGE

SUGGESTED CAUSES OF THE MAIN FIELD

OTHER GEOMAGNETIC VARIATIONS

CHAPTER SEVEN. Composition and Structure of the Atmosphere

EXPLORATION IN ALTITUDE

CHAPTER EIGHT. Climate

EMPIRICISM

STATISTICAL APPROACH

PRACTICAL PROBLEMS

THE OCEANS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

CHAPTER NINE. The General Circulation of the Atmosphere and Oceans

THE ATMOSPHERE

THE OCEANS

HEATING

THE STRATOSPHERE

CHAPTER TEN. Ice Ages

THE CLIMATES OF THE PAST

ICE SHEETS OF THE PRESENT

SEA LEVELS AND ISOSTASY

THE QUATERNARY

THE CAUSE OF THE ICE AGES

CHAPTER ELEVEN. Meteorology

FORECASTING THE WEATHER

THE PHYSICS OF RAIN CLOUDS

RAIN-MAKING EXPERIMENTS

CHAPTER TWELVE. The Ionosphere

PRODUCTION OF IONIZED LAYERS

PASSAGE OF RADIO WAVES THROUGH IONIZED AIR

EXPERIMENTAL PROOF OF THE EXISTENCE OF THE IONOSPHERE

IONOSPHERE SOUNDINGS

h'(f) CURVES AND CRITICAL FREQUENCIES

ELECTRIC CURRENTS IN THE HIGH ATMOSPHERE

HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS OF THE IONOSPHERE

THE SUN AND THE IONOSPHERE

CHAPTER THIRTEEN. The Airglow

NIGHTGLOW

ARTIFICIAL AIRGLOWS

CHAPTER FOURTEEN. Aurorae and Magnetic Storms

THE AURORAE

SOLAR RELATIONSHIPS WITH MAGNETIC STORMS AND AURORAE

THEORIES OF MAGNETIC STORMS AND AURORAE

THE PRESENT STATE OF THE THEORY OF MAGNETIC STORMS AND AURORAE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

CHAPTER FIFTEEN. Meteors

SHOOTING STARS

THE ORIGIN OF THE METEORS

METEORS AND THE INVESTIGATION OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE

THE NUMBERS AND MASSES OF THE METEORS

METEORITES

MICROMETEORITES

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER SIXTEEN. Cosmic Radiation

NUCLEAR ENCOUNTERS AT COSMIC RAY ENERGIES

SECONDARY DEVELOPMENT FROM A PRIMARY PROTON

ENERGY DISSIPATION AND IONIZATION IN THE ATMOSPHERE

VARIATIONS OF THE COSMIC RADIATION

ORIGIN OF THE PRIMARY RADIATION

CHAPTER SEVENTEEN. The Radiation Belts

MAGNETIC TRAPPING

DISTRIBUTION OF THE RADIATION

ORIGIN OF THE RADIATION

CONNECTION WITH OTHER PHENOMENA

ARTIFICIAL RADIATION INJECTED BY ATOMIC BOMBS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

CHAPTER EIGHTEEN. Genesis of Life

FOOD AND ENERGY

MOLECULES IN LIVING ORGANISMS

MOLECULAR SYNTHESIS

ABORTIVE SYSTEMS

PROPOSED HYPOTHESES

POSSIBLE EXTRA-TERRESTRIAL SOURCES

OTHER WORLDS

APPENDICES

Appendix I: GRAVITATION AND THE MASS OF THE EARTH

Selected Bibliography

Author Index

Subject Index

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