Front Cover

Mathematical Models for Planning and Controlling Air Quality

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

PREFACE

Part One: Models for Air-Quality Planning

CHAPTER 1. AIR-QUALITY MANAGEMENT: REGULATORY PROCEDURES IN THE FRG

1 INTRODUCTION: THE SIGNIFICANCE OF AIR-POLLUTION STANDARDS

2 THE ELABORATION OF TECHNICAL-SCIENTIFIC STANDARDS FOR AIR-QUALITY CONTROL

CHAPTER 2. THE IMPACT OF MODELS ON DECISION MAKING: AN ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF MODELS IN AIR-QUALITY PLANNING

1 INTRODUCTION

2 SHORT-TERM PLANNING

3 LONG-TERM PLANNING

4 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 3. CASES IN THE APPLICATIONS OF AIR-QUALITY MODELS IN POLICY MAKING

1 INTRODUCTION

2 USES OF MODELS

3 CASE STUDIES

4 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 4. REGIONAL AIR-QUALITY POLICY ANALYSIS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE SCENARIO MODEL

3 THE SOCIAL VALUE MODEL

4 POLICY ANALYSIS OF THE SCENARIOS

5 CONCLUSIONS

CHAPTER 5. USING MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING MODELS FOR COST-EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF AIR QUALITY

1 INTRODUCTION

2 OBJECTIVES

3 PLAN OF THE PAPER

4 THE BASIC ECONOMICS OF EMISSIONS CHARGES AND TRANSFERABLE EMISSIONS PERMITS

5 FORMULATION

6 ANALYSIS

7 CONCLUDING REMARKS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 6. A COMPREHENSIVE APPROACH TO AIR-QUALITY PLANNING: ABATEMENT, MONITORING NETWORKS, AND REAL-TIME INTERPOLATION

1 INTRODUCTION

2 MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION MODELS

3 DESIGN OF AIR-POLLUTION MONITORING NETWORKS

4 A GENERAL APPROACH TO THE PROBLEM OF THE AIR-POLLUTION CONCENTRATION FIELD

5 THE PSEUDO-SOURCE CONCEPT AND AN APPROXIMATION METHOD FOR THE MULTIPLE-WEATHER-STATE PROBLEM

6 CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 7. SOURCE ALLOCATION AND DESIGN VIA SIMULATION MODELS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE APPLIED SIMULATION MODEL

3 STATISTICS OF METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR TRANSPORT AND DIFFUSION

4 PROBLEMS OF SOURCE CONFIGURATION

5 RESULTS OF THE NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 8. AIR-POLLUTION MODELING OPERATIONS AND THEIR LIMITS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 LIMITS OF THE STATISTICAL INFERENCES IN AIR-POLLUTION MODELING

3 COMPUTATIONS AND THEIR LIMITATIONS

4 THE LIMITS SET BY ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 9. AIR-QUALITY MODELS, PARTICULARLY FOR THE MESOSCALE

1 INTRODUCTION

2 A USER-ORIENTED PRESENTATION

3 MESOSCALE MODELING

CHAPTER 10. GENERALIZING THE CONCEPT AND FACTORS OF AIR-QUALITY MANAGEMENT

1 INTRODUCTION

2 AIR-POLLUTION SCALES

3 SCHEME OF BACKGROUND POLLUTION

4 SCALES OF AIR-POLLUTION PROCESSES

5 AIR-QUALITY MANAGEMENT

REFERENCES

Part Two: Models for Real-Time Prediction and Control of Air Pollution

CHAPTER 11. SHORT-TERM FORECASTING OF LOCAL WINDS BY BLACK-BOX MODELS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE STOCHASTIC MODELS AND PREDICTORS

3 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 12. A K MODEL FOR SIMULATING THE DISPERSION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN AN AIRSHED

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE ATMOSPHERIC-DIFFUSION EQUATION

3 THE NUMERICAL INTEGRATION SCHEME

4 THE APPLICATION TO THE VENETIAN CASE

5 THE NECESSITY OF A DIFFERENT APPROACH

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 13. KALMAN PREDICTION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE EPISODES

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE KALMAN PREDICTOR

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 14. THE COST OF A REAL-TIME CONTROL SCHEME FOR SULFUR DIOXIDE EMISSIONS

1 INTRODUCTION

2 DESCRIPTION OF THE REAl-TIME CONTROL SCHEME

3 RESULTS IN THE VENETIAN CASE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 15. ARMAX STOCHASTIC MODELS OF AIR POLLUTION: THREE CASE STUDIES

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE POWER-PLANT CASE

3 THE INDUSTRΪAL-AREA CASE

4 THE URBAN CASE

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 16. ARIMA AND GMDH FORECASTS OF AIR QUALITY

1 INTRODUCTION

2 COMPARISON OF THE ACCURACY OF FORECASTING OF POLLUTION LEVELS BY TIME-SERIES MODELS

3 DETERMINATION OF THE DATA LENGTH FOR SETTING UP MODELS

4 CONFIDENCE INTERVAL OF THE FORECAST MEANAT A FIXED TIME POINT

5 MODELING AND FORECASTING BY USING AN ADAPTIVE DIGITAL FILTER (ADF)

6 THE KALMAN FILTERING TECHNIQUE FOR FORECASTING POLLUTION LEVELS

7 FORECASTING USING THE GROUP METHOD OF DATA HANDLING (GMDH)

8 CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 17. REAL-TIME CONTROL OF EMISSIONS IN JAPANESE CITIES

1 INTRODUCTION

2 REAL-TIME CONTROL OF POLLUTION IN AN INDUSTRIAL AREA:KASHIMA CASE STUDY

3 REAL-TIME CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION IN URBAN AREAS

5 AN URBAN CASE STUDY: HIMEJI CITY

REFERENCES

CHAPTER 18. REAL-TIME CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION: THE CASE OF MILAN

1 INTRODUCTION

2 THE MONITORING NETWORK

3 A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF AIR POLLUTION IN MILAN

4 CURRENT AND PROSPECTIVE USES OF THE NETWORK

AUTHOR INDEX