Chapter
Chapter 1: Disease Risk Analysis in Wildlife Health Field Studies
Examples of Disease Risk Analysis in Wildlife Health Field Studies
Chapter 3: Conservation Medicine for Zoo Veterinarians
Historical Considerations
Zoo Veterinary Practice and Conservation Medicine
Zoo Veterinarians in Biodiversity Hotspots
Conservation Medicine in Practice
Building and Nurturing Relationships
Conservation Medicine Training Resources
Chapter 4: Veterinary Challenges of Mixed Species Exhibits
Nutrition-Related Problems
Tools for Veterinarians in Mixed Species Exhibits
Chapter 5: Cowpox in Zoo Animals
Treatment and Vaccination
Chapter 6: Disaster Preparation for Captive Wildlife Veterinarians
Administrative Preparation and Disaster Response
Veterinary Logistical Considerations
Operational Considerations
Chapter 7: Guidelines for the Management of Zoonotic Diseases
Sample Zoonosis Scenarios
Chapter 8: Integrated Pest Management
Infectious Disease Potential
Regulation of Pest Management Practices
Chapter 9: Noninvasive Techniques to Assess Health and Ecology of Wildlife Populations
Sample Collection and Storage Methods
Analytic Techniques and Applications
Future Noninvasive Tools and Challenges
Chapter 10: Culture and Media Shifts:
Cultural Issues and Changes
Veterinarians in the Spotlight
Chapter 11: Dangerous Animal Crisis Management
Emergency Medical Response
Chapter 12: Sustainable Practices for Zoological Veterinary Medicine
Strategies for Environmentally Responsible Veterinary Practice
Low-Impact Buildings, Grounds, and Facility Operations
Profiles of Two Green Zoo Hospitals
Additional Resources for Greening Veterinary Practice
Chapter 13: Anthrax in Free-Ranging Wildlife
Recorded Wildlife Host Range
Bio-Ecologic Considerations
Routes of Infection, Transmission, and Seasonality
Other Epidemiologic Determinants
Laboratory and Differential Diagnosis
Domestic Animal and Veterinary Public Health Concerns
Chapter 14: Cyanobacterial Biointoxication in Free-Ranging Wildlife
Factors Contributing to Growth and Toxicity of Cyanobacterial Blooms
Toxicity in Animal Species
Kruger National Park: a Case Study
Control of Cyanobacterial Blooms
Chapter 15: Children’s Zoo Medicine:
Responsibilities of the Zoo Veterinarian
Zoonotic Disease Transmission and Prevention
Rodents: Mice, Rats, Hamsters, Gerbils
Chapter 16: AAZV Guidelines for Zoo and Aquarium Veterinary Medical Programs and Veterinary Hospitals
Chapter 17: Fundamentals of Zoo Animal Surgery
Surgical Facilities and Equipment
Surgical Procedures and Techniques
Chapter 18: Emerging Diseases at the Interface of People, Domestic Animals, and Wildlife*
Hunting, Pets, and Globalized Trade in Wildlife
Effect of Human Population Growth on Agricultural Practices
Integrated Approach to World Health: One World, One Health
Chapter 19: Depth of Anesthesia Monitoring by Bispectral Analysis in Zoo Animals
Bispectral Analysis Methodology
Technique and Optimum Setting
Chapter 20: Approaching Health Problems at the Wildlife–Domestic Animal Interface
Special Considerations at the Wild-Domestic Animal Interface
Approaching Novel Wildlife Disease Problems
Multidisciplinary Sea Otter Research Strategy in California
Proactive Approach to a Developing Country Wildlife Health Problem: Health for Animals and Livelihood Improvement Project
Emerging Diseases: a New Challenge for Wildlife Health Professionals Working at Livestock and Human Interfaces
Chapter 21: Wildlife Disease Ecology:
History of Development of Wildlife Disease Ecology
Principles of Disease Ecology
Significance of Disease Ecology for Zoo and Wildlife Veterinarians
Population Effects of Disease
Current Themes in Disease Ecology
Challenges and Future Directions
Chapter 22: Medical Management of Rays
Biology, Anatomy, and Physiology
Chapter 23: Basic Water Quality Evaluation for Zoo Veterinarians
Water Parameters and Testing
Water Quality Parameters and Analytic Testing for Marine Animals
Other Parameters Affecting Water Quality
Chapter 24: The Mechanics of Aquarium Water Conditioning
Traditional Routes of Water Conditioning
Sterilization and Disinfectants
Chapter 25: Advanced Water Quality Evaluation for Zoo Veterinarians
Water Parameters and Testing
Oxidation-Reduction: Sterilization versus Disinfection
Known Effects of Chemicals on Biofilms
Bacterial Digestion of Chemicals
Chapter 26: Quarantine of Fish and Aquatic Invertebrates in Public Display Aquaria
Considerations Prior to Acquisition and on Arrival
Examination and Diagnostic Procedures
Treatments for Aquatic Invertebrates
Section 3: Reptile and Amphibian
Chapter 27: Behavioral Training of Reptiles for Medical Procedures
Chapter 28: Diagnosis and Control of Amphibian Chytridiomycosis
Chytridiomycosis and Amphibian Survival Assurance Populations
Chytridiomycosis and the World Organization for Animal Health
Pathogenesis of Chytridiomycosis
Transmission of Infection and Disinfection
Chapter 29: Mycobacteriosis in Amphibians
Clinical Signs and Pathology
Emergence of Mycobacterium Liflandii Infection in Xenopus Tropicalis in France
Chapter 30: Amphibian Viral Diseases
Chapter 31: Sea Turtle Rehabilitation
Transport, History, and Physical Examination
Nutrition in Critically Ill and Healthy Sea Turtles
Chapter 32: Reptile and Amphibian Analgesia
Pain Pathways and Mechanisms: the Case for Pain
Dosing Principles and Side Effects
Reptile Research Findings
Amphibian Research Findings
Chapter 33: Virology of Nonavian Reptiles:
Chapter 34: Hellbender Medicine
Chapter 35: Avian Mycobacterial Disease
Species Affected and prevalence
Diagnosis and Immune Response
Treatment, Sources, Prevention, and Control
Chapter 36: Feather Follicle Extirpation:
Chapter 37: Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Buceros Hornbills
Chapter 38: California Condor (Gymnogyps californianus)
Release Program in Mexico: Out of Country Challenges
Environmental Contamination
Wild Chicks: Intensive Nest Management Program
Chapter 39: Avian Circovirus and Polyomavirus Diseases
Psittacine Beak and Feather Disease
Circoviruses in Other Avian Species
Avian Polyomavirus Disease
Chapter 40: Veterinary Care of Kakapo
Unique and Unusual Features
Behavior and Reproduction
Chapter 41: Avian Analgesia
Recognizing Pain in Birds
Chapter 42: Prehatch Protocols to Improve Hatchability
Egg Management and Record Keeping
Fertility and Hatchability
Chapter 43: West Nile Virus in Raptors
Pathogenesis, Immunity, Clinical Course, and Outcome
Treatment, Management, and Prevention
Chapter 44: Diagnosis of Aspergillosis in Avian Species
Antigen Detection: Galactomannan
Current Recommendations and Future Directions
Chapter 45: Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus:
Current Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Virus Epizootic
Considerations in Wild Birds
Chapter 46: Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Raptors
Classification and Mechanism of Action
Therapeutic Uses in Captive Birds of Prey
Vultures and Other Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Pathology and Pathogenesis of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug Renal Toxicity in Raptors
Conservation Implications of Diclofenac and Vultures
Chapter 47: Haemosporidian Parasites:
Life Cycle of Haemosporidians
Haemosporidian Parasites in Hawaii
Impact on Long-Term Associations and Comparison of Impact across Parasite Genera
Plasmodium Infections in Galapagos Penguins
Ongoing Work in Galapagos
Chapter 48: Rabies Management in Wild Carnivores
Shift From Population Reduction toward Oral Vaccination
Vaccination: Central Tactic to Rabies Management of Wild Carnivores
Measuring Oral Rabies Vaccination Success
Key Oral Rabies Vaccination Program Considerations
Focused Rabies Control in North America
Key Challenges for Long-Term Oral Rabies Vaccination Success
Chapter 49: Feeding and Nutrition of Anteaters
Nutritional Considerations
Chapter 50: Tasmanian Devil Facial Tumor Disease
Devil Facial Tumor Disease and Population
Chapter 51: Viral Chorioretinitis of Kangaroos
Clinical Signs and Diagnosis
Pathology and Pathogenesis
Treatment, Prevention, and Control
Chapter 52: Degenerative Skeletal Diseases of Primates
Anesthesia Considerations
Chapter 53: Cardiovascular Disease in Great Apes
Currently Identified Types
Possible Etiologies and Pathogenesis
Antemortem Considerations
Chapter 54: Ebola Hemorrhagic Fever
Animals as Disease Models
Pathology and Postmortem Findings
Chapter 55: Computed Tomography for the Diagnosis of Sinusitis and Air Sacculitis in Orangutans
Normal Anatomy and Physiology
Equipment and Computed Tomography Technique
Chapter 56: White-Nose Syndrome in Cave Bats of North America
New Paradigm of Bat Disease
Chapter 57: Updated Vaccination Recommendations for Carnivores
Core Vaccines: Universally Recommended
Noncore (Optional) and Not Generally Recommended Vaccines
Serologic Testing to Monitor Immunity to Vaccines and Duration of Immunity
Record Keeping and Adverse Effects
Chapter 58: Medical Management of Maned Wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus)
Chapter 59: Primer on Tick-Borne Diseases in Exotic Carnivores
Chapter 60: Aging in Large Felids
Health Care in Captive Aging Felids
Chapter 61: Stargazing in Lions
Diagnosis and Differential Diagnoses
Serum Vitamin A Concentrations in Lions
Necropsy and Histopathology
Chapter 62: Pyometra in Large Felids
Section 11: Marine Mammals
Chapter 63: Longitudinal Monitoring of Immune System Parameters of Cetaceans and Application to Their Health Management
Establishing Baseline Values
Tools for Flow Cytometry– Based Leukocyte Phenotyping
Profiling Leukocyte Gene Transcriptional Activity
Chapter 64: Ocular Disease and Suspected Causes in Captive Pinnipeds
Minimizing Eye Problems in Future Pinniped Generations
Chapter 65: Elephant Herpesviruses
Chapter 66: Female Elephant Reproduction
Female Reproductive Tract
Chapter 67: Digital Radiography of the Elephant Foot
Elephant Foot Radiography
Chapter 68: Laparoscopic Surgery in the Elephant and Rhinoceros
Laparoscopy in the Elephant
Laparoscopy in the Rhinoceros
Chapter 69: Elephant Neonatal and Pediatric Medicine
Chapter 70: Treatment of Elephant Endotheliotropic Herpesvirus
Physical Examination and Monitoring
Section 13: Perrissodactyla
Chapter 71: Rhinoceros Theriogenology
Male Reproductive Anatomy and Clinical Aspects
Female Reproductive Anatomy and Clinical Aspects
Advanced Assisted Reproduction Technologies
Chapter 72: Asian Wild Horse Reintroduction Program
Takhiin Tal Reintroduction Project
Section 14: Artiodactylids
Chapter 73: Management of Cryptosporidiosis in a Hoofstock Contact Area
Prevention and Control: Animals
Clinical Picture and Species Susceptibilities
Chapter 75: Alternatives for Gastrointestinal Parasite Control in Exotic Ruminants
Parasite Monitoring Strategies
Parasite Control Strategies
Nonanthelmintic Control and Treatment Strategies
Chapter 76: Thiafentanil Oxalate (A3080) in Nondomestic Ungulate Species
Features of Thiafentanil Oxalate
Chapter 77: The Use of Butorphanol in Anesthesia Protocols for Zoo and Wild Mammals
Butorphanol-Containing Anesthetic Cocktails
Chapter 78: Importation of Nondomestic Ruminant Semen for Management of Zoological Populations Using Artificial Insemination
Status of Artificial Insemination in Ruminant Species
Foreign Animal Disease and Transmission through Semen
Advantages of Semen Importation
Risk Assessment of Semen versus Live Animal Importation
Current Status of Semen Importation
Chapter 79: Advances in Giraffe Nutrition
Natural Diet of the Giraffe
Giraffe: Specialized Browser or Specialized Grazer?
Chapter 80: Hoof Disorders in Nondomestic Artiodactylids
Functional Anatomy of the Hoof
Examination and Diagnosis
Causes of Hoof Disorders in Nondomestic Artiodactylids
Chapter 81: Johne’s Disease and Free-Ranging Wildlife
Chapter 82: Practical Aspects of Ruminant Intensive Care
Rule of Twenty for Ruminants
Chapter 83: Mycoplasma haemolamae in New World Camelids
Polymerase Chain Reaction Assay Development
Classification and Characteristics
Experimental Infections and Treatment Studies
Fowler's Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine Current Therapy, Volume 7
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