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PART I: Diagnosis of Lameness
SECTION 1: The Lameness Examination
Chapter 1: Lameness Examination: Historical Perspective
Chapter 2: Lameness in Horses: Basic Facts Before Starting
Baseline and Induced Lameness
Relationship of Lameness and Conformation
Gait Deficits not Caused by Lameness
Components of the Lameness Examination and Lameness Strategy
Chapter 3: Anamnesis (History)
Clinical History: Basic Information
Chapter 4: Conformation and Lameness
Relevance of Evaluation of Conformation
Hereditary Aspects of Conformation
Objective Evaluation of Conformation: Is It Possible?
Evaluation of Conformation
Conformation of the Digit
Chapter 5: Observation: Symmetry and Posture
Palpation of the Forelimb
Palpation of the Cervical and Thoracolumbar Spine
Palpation of the Lateral and Ventral Thorax and Abdomen
Palpation of the External Genitalia
Palpation of the Pelvis per Rectum
Palpation of the Hindlimb
The Role of Physical Examination in the Lameness Examination
Determination, Grading, and Characterization of Lameness
Determining the Location of Lameness
The Lameness Score: Quantification of Lameness Severity
Evaluation of Limb Flight
Abnormalities of Limb Flight
Evaluation of Foot Placement
Additional Movement During Lameness Examination
Evaluation of Lameness with a Treadmill or Gait Analysis
Induced and Baseline Lameness
Direct or Local Palpation Followed by Movement
Induced Lameness after Hoof Tester Examination
Varus or Valgus Stress Tests
Flexion Tests and Diagnostic Analgesia
Chapter 9: Applied Anatomy of the Musculoskeletal System
Three-Dimensional Anatomy
Chapter 10: Diagnostic Analgesia
Local Anesthetics: Pharmacology and Tissue Interactions
Perineural Analgesia in the Forelimb
Intraarticular Analgesia in the Forelimb
Analgesia of Forelimb Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
Perineural Analgesia in the Hindlimb
Intraarticular Analgesia in the Hindlimb
Analgesia of Hindlimb Bursae and Tendon Sheaths
Local Infiltration in the Forelimb and Hindlimb
Chapter 11: Neurological Examination and Neurological Conditions Causing Gait Deficits
Specific Diseases and Syndromes
Chapter 12: Unexplained Lameness
False-Negative Responses to Diagnostic Analgesia
Potentially Confusing Responses to Local Analgesic Techniques
Challenges to Lameness Diagnosis
Neck Lesions and Forelimb Lameness
Previously Unrecognized Causes of Lameness Proximal to the Carpus And Tarsus
Misinterpreted Imaging Findings that Result in Misdiagnosis
Odd Lameness Apparent Only During Riding
Identifiable Lesions: Which Contribute to the Current Lameness?
Chapter 13: Assessment of Acute-Onset, Severe Lameness
Field Diagnosis of the Injured Horse
Guidelines for Humane Destruction of an Injured Horse
Chapter 14: The Swollen Limb
SECTION 2: Diagnostic Imaging
Chapter 15: Radiography and Radiology
Response of Bone to Stimuli: Wolff’s Law
Degenerative Joint Disease: Osteoarthrosis or Osteoarthritis
Dystrophic and Metastatic Mineralization
Chapter 16: Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Equine Limb: Technique
Terminology and Quantitative Measurements
Chapter 17: Ultrasonographic Examination of Joints
Collateral Ligaments of the Hock
Chapter 18: Ultrasonography and Orthopedic (Nonarticular) Disease
Chapter 19: Nuclear Medicine
Scintigraphy and Other Imaging Modalities: Where do They Fit?
Radioisotopes and Radiopharmaceuticals
Indications and Case Selection
Knowledge Gained from Scintigraphic Examination of the Lame Horse
Chapter 20: Computed Tomography
Image Display and Processing
Advantages and Disadvantages
Chapter 21: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Production of Magnetic Resonance Images
Equipment for MRI in Horses
Advantages and Disadvantages Compared with other Imaging Techniques
Interpretation of Magnetic Resonance Images
Indications for MRI in Equine Lameness
Chapter 22: Gait Analysis for the Quantification of Lameness
Chapter 23: Arthroscopic Examination
Advantages and Disadvantages of Arthroscopic Surgery Compared with Arthrotomy
Principles, Instrumentation, and Technique
Chapter 24: Tenoscopy and Bursoscopy
General Principles of Tenoscopy and Bursoscopy
Chapter 25: Thermography: Use in Equine Lameness
Chapter 26: The Biomechanics of the Equine Limb and Its Effect on Lameness
When Do Musculoskeletal Structures Fail?
Functional Anatomy of the Horse Limb
Ability of Structures to Cope with Mechanical Demands
The Effects of Conformation on Equine Distal Limb Mechanics
Alterations in Mechanics with Specific Orthopedic Disorders
Chapter 27: The Foot and Shoeing
Foot Balance, Conformation, and Lameness
Natural Balance Trimming and Shoeing
Hoof Reconstruction Materials and Glue-On Shoes
Chapter 28: Trauma to the Sole and Wall
Problems Associated with Horseshoe Nails
Penetrating Injuries of the Sole
Penetrating Wounds to the Navicular Bursa (Bursa Podotrochlearis), Infectious (Septic) Navicular Bursitis, “Streetnail”
Coronary Band and Hoof Wall Lacerations
Chapter 29: Functional Anatomy of the Palmar Aspect of the Foot
Navicular Suspensory Apparatus
Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Chapter 30: Navicular Disease
Pathophysiology of Navicular Disease
Diagnostic Considerations
Other Soft Tissue Causes of Palmar Foot Pain
Treatment of Primary Navicular Disease*
Chapter 31: Fracture of the Navicular Bone and Congenital Bipartite Navicular Bone
Clinical Examination and Diagnosis
Chapter 32: Primary Lesions of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon within the Hoof Capsule
History and Clinical Signs
Chapter 33: The Distal Phalanx and Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Primary Pain Associated with the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Fractures and Fragmentation of the Extensor Process of the Distal Phalanx
Injuries of the Collateral Ligaments of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Osseous Cystlike Lesions in the Distal Phalanx
Osseous Trauma of the Distal and Middle Phalanges
Keratomas and Neoplastic and Nonneoplastic Space-Occupying Lesions in the Hoof
Fractures of the Distal Phalanx
Pedal Osteitis: Does It Exist?
Osteitis of the Palmar Processes of the Distal Phalanx
Disease of the Cartilages of the Foot
Pathophysiology of Laminitis
Medical Therapy of Laminitis
Hoof Care of a Laminitic Horse
Deep Digital Flexor Tenotomy for Managing Laminitis
Other Management Aspects of Laminitis
Chapter 35: The Proximal and Middle Phalanges and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Anatomical Considerations
Fractures of the Proximal Phalanx
Dorsal Osteochondral Fragments in the Metacarpophalangeal/Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Osteochondrosis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Osteoarthritis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Arthrodesis of the proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Subluxation of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Wounds and INFECTION in the Pastern Region
Chapter 36: The Metacarpophalangeal Joint
Anatomical Considerations
Types of Fetlock Joint Lameness
Acute or Repetitive Overload Injuries
Injuries to the Proximal Phalanx
Conditions of the Proximal Sesamoid Bones
Fractures of the Third Metacarpal Bone
Collateral Ligament Injury
Traumatic Disruption of the Suspensory Apparatus
Chapter 37: The Metacarpal Region
Differential Diagnosis of Diffuse Filling in the Metacarpal Region
Use of Boots and Bandages to Prevent Injury
Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis of Carpal Lameness
Specific Conditions of the Carpus
Chapter 39: The Antebrachium
Clinical Diagnosis and Imaging Considerations
Chapter 40: The Elbow, Brachium, and Shoulder
Anatomical Considerations
Chapter 41: The Hind Foot and Pastern
Anatomy and Innervation of the Hind Foot and Pastern
Examination, Clinical Signs, and Diagnosis
Specific Lameness Conditions
Chapter 42: The Metatarsophalangeal Joint
Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis of Metatarsophalangeal Joint Lameness
Specific Conditions of the Metatarsophalangeal joint
Chapter 43: The Metatarsal Region
Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis of Lameness in the Metatarsal Region
Specific Conditions of the Metatarsal Region
Anatomical Considerations
Articular Diseases of the Tarsus
Tarsal Bone Fractures and Luxations
Soft Tissue Injury of the Tarsus
Miscellaneous Tarsal Injuries
Clinical Characteristics and Diagnosis of Lameness of the Crus
Specific Conditions of the Crus
Chapter 48: Mechanical and Neurological Lameness in the Forelimbs and Hindlimbs
Anatomical Considerations
Upward Fixation of the Patella (Locking Stifle) and Delayed Release of the Patella
Shivers (Shiverers, Shivering)
Hindlimb Extensor Weakness
Flexion of the Fetlock and Inability to Load the Heel
Stepping Short on a Hindlimb at the Walk
Unusual Abduction of a Hindlimb
Other Mechanical Lamenesses
PART V: The Axial Skeleton
Chapter 49: Diagnosis and Management of Pelvic Fractures in the Thoroughbred Racehorse
Fractures of the Tuber Coxae
Fractures of the Ilial Wing
Fractures of the Ilial Shaft
Fractures of the Pubis and Ischium
Fractures Involving the Acetabulum
Principles of Treatment of Horses with Pelvic Fractures
Chapter 50: Lumbosacral and Pelvic Injuries in Sports and Pleasure Horses
Anatomical Considerations
Chapter 51: Diagnosis and Management of Sacroiliac Joint Injuries
Anatomical and Functional Features
Chapter 52: Thoracolumbar Spine
Chapter 53: The Cervical Spine and Soft Tissues of the Neck
Reasons for Clinical Presentation
PART VI: Developmental Orthopedic Disease and Lameness
Chapter 54: Pathogenesis of Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis: Definitions and Terminology
Endochondral Ossification
Characteristics of Osteochondrosis
Relationship among Physeal Dysplasia (Physitis), Subchondral Bone Cysts, and Osteochondrosis
Proposed Causative Factors
Chapter 55: The Role of Nutrition in Developmental Orthopedic Disease:
Nutritional Factors as a Cause of Developmental Orthopedic Disease
Feeding Practices that Contribute to Developmental Orthopedic Disease
Feeding Systems to Prevent Developmental Orthopedic Disease
Nutritional Management of Developmental Orthopedic Disease
Chapter 56: Diagnosis and Management of Osteochondrosis and Osseous Cystlike Lesions
Lesions in the Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Joints
Lesions of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Lesions of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Lesions of the Scapulohumeral Joint
Osteochondrosis of the Tarsocrural Joint
Chapter 58: Angular Limb Deformities
Diagnosis and Conservative Management
Chapter 59: Flexural Limb Deformities in Foals
Congenital Flexural Deformities
Acquired Flexural Deformities
Chapter 60: Cervical Stenotic Myelopathy
Chapter 61: Osteoarthritis
Structure and Function of Normal Joints
Chapter 62: Markers of Osteoarthritis: Implications for Early Diagnosis and Monitoring of the Pathological Course and Effects of Therapy
Structure and Metabolism of Articular Cartilage and Bone in Health and Disease
Individual Skeletal Biomarkers of Articular Cartilage Metabolism in Osteoarthritis
Individual Skeletal Biomarkers of Bone Metabolism in Joint Disease
Future of Biomarkers in Osteoarthritis
Review of Components of Gene Therapy
Gene Therapy and Joint Disease
Use of Gene Therapy to Prevent Articular Cartilage Degradation in Osteoarthritis
Gene Therapy and Promotion of Cartilage Healing
Gene Therapy and Bone Healing
Chapter 64: Models of Equine Joint Disease
Complexity of Joint Disease
Chapter 65: Infectious Arthritis and Fungal Infectious Arthritis
Fungal Infectious Arthritis
Chapter 66: Noninfectious Arthritis
Joint Pathophysiology (Synovitis)
Pathological Joint Conditions Associated with Arthritis
Autoimmmune-Mediated Arthritis
Immune-Mediated Arthritis
Proliferative (Villonodular) Synovitis
Chapter 67: Other Joint Conditions
Diseases of Soft Tissues of the Joint
PART VIII: The Soft Tissues
Chapter 68: Pathophysiology of Tendon Injury
Functional Anatomy of Equine Tendons and Ligaments
Functional Characteristics
Chapter 69: Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in Racehorses
Surgical Management of Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis in Event Horses, Show Jumpers, Dressage Horses, and Pleasure Horses
Chapter 70: The Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
Deep Digital Flexor Tendonitis Associated With Recurrent Desmitis of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
Deep Digital Flexor Tendonitis in the Carpal Sheath Secondary to Solitary Osteochondroma or a Distal Radial Physeal Exostosis
Deep Digital Flexor Tendonitis within the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath in the Fetlock Region
Deep Digital Flexor Injuries in the Pastern Region
Lesions of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon within the Hoof Capsule
Lesions of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon in the Tarsal and Proximal Metatarsal Regions
Infection of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
Chapter 71: Injuries of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
History and Clinical Signs
Chapter 72: The Suspensory Apparatus
Anatomy and Pathophysiology
Proximal Suspensory Desmitis in the Forelimb
Proximal Suspensory Desmitis in the Hindlimb
Avulsion Fractures of the Third Metacarpal or Metatarsal Bone at the Origin of the Suspensory Ligament
Suspensory Desmitis: Body Lesions
Suspensory Desmitis Associated with an Exostosis on the Second or Fourth Metacarpal or Metatarsal Bone (Splint)
Suspensory Desmitis Associated with Fracture of the Distal Third of the Second or Fourth Metacarpal or Metatarsal Bone
Suspensory Desmitis: Branch Lesions
Proximal Sesamoid Bone Fracture Associated with a Branch Injury
Avulsion Fracture of a Proximal Sesamoid Bone at the Insertion of the Palmar Annular Ligament
Damage of the Palmar (Plantar) Ligament of the Fetlock (Intersesamoidean Ligament)
Infection of the Axial Aspect of the Proximal Sesamoid Bones
Straight Sesamoidean Desmitis
Oblique (Middle) Sesamoidean Desmitis
Progressive Atraumatic Breakdown of the Suspensory Ligaments
Traumatic Disruption of the Suspensory Apparatus
Chapter 73: Clinical Use of Stem Cells, Marrow Components, and Other Growth Factors
Growth Factor–Based Biologics
Chapter 74: Diseases of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath, Palmar Annular Ligament, and Digital Annular Ligaments
Anatomical Considerations
Imaging of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath
Diseases of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath
Palmar Annular Ligament Syndrome
Diseases of the Intersesamoidean (Palmar) Ligament of the Fetlock
Diseases of the Digital Annular Ligaments
Synovial Ganglion or Hernia of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath
Tendonitis of the Superficial and Deep Digital Flexor Tendons within the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath
Chapter 75: The Carpal Canal and Carpal Synovial Sheath
Trauma Resulting in Chronic Enlargement of the Carpal Sheath
Desmitis of the Accessory Ligament of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Injury of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon at the Musculotendonous Junction
Injury of the Flexor Retinaculum
Deep Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Distal Radial Physeal Exostoses
Fractures of the Accessory Carpal Bone
Chapter 76: The Tarsal Sheath
Causes of Tarsal Tenosynovitis
Diagnosis of Tarsal Sheath Injuries
Management of Tarsal Tenosynovitis
Chapter 77: Extensor Tendon Injury
Conditions Affecting the Extensor Tendons
Rupture of the Extensor Carpi Radialis Tendon
Conditions Affecting the Extensor Tendon Sheaths
Clinical Appearance of Curb
Applied Anatomy and Normal Ultrasonographic Examination of the Plantar Aspect of the Tarsus
Curb: A Collection of Soft Tissue Injuries3
Chapter 79: Bursae and Other Soft Tissue Swellings
Intertubercular (Bicipital) Bursa
Subcutaneous Abscess over the Tuber Calcanei
Acquired Bursa on the Dorsal Aspect of a Hind Fetlock
Chapter 80: Other Soft Tissue Injuries
Rupture of the Fibularis (Peroneus) Tertius
Common Calcaneal Tendonitis
Disruption of the Gastrocnemius in Neonatal Foals
Subluxation and Luxation of the Superficial Digital Flexor Tendon from the Tuber Calcanei
Biceps Brachii Tendonitis
Infection of the Common Digital Extensor Tendon
Chapter 81: Tendon Lacerations
Chapter 82: Soft Tissue Injuries of the Pastern
Tendon and Ligament Injuries
Tenosynovitis of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath
Abnormalities of the Pastern Joint
Chapter 83: Skeletal Muscle and Lameness
Hyperkalemic Periodic Paralysis
SECTION 1: Traditional Therapy
Chapter 84: Principles and Practices of Joint Disease Treatment
Newer Biologically Based Therapies
Chapter 85: Analgesia and Hindlimb Lameness
Technique for Epidural Administration
Epidural Catheter Placement
Contraindications and Complications
Novel Analgesic Drugs and Adjunctive Therapies
Chapter 86: Bandaging, Splinting, and Casting
Stable and Traveling Bandages
Transport of an Injured Horse
Chapter 87: External Skeletal Fixation
Preoperative Planning, Indications, Tips, and Limitations
Removing the External Skeletal Fixation Device
Results of Treatment (2008)
Chapter 88: Counterirritation
Brief History and Outline of Techniques
Mechanisms of Cryonecrosis
Treatment of Specific Lesions
Chapter 90: Radiation Therapy
Chapter 91: Rest and Rehabilitation
Principles of Rest and Rehabilitation Programs
SECTION 2: Complementary (Nontraditional) Therapy
Equine Acupuncture for Lameness Diagnosis and Treatment
Acupuncture Channel Palpation and Equine Musculoskeletal Pain
Chapter 93: Chiropractic Evaluation and Management of Musculoskeletal Disorders
Manual Therapy and Chiropractic
Practitioner Qualifications
History of Equine Chiropractic
Pathophysiology and Mechanisms of Action
Equine Chiropractic Research
Indications for Chiropractic Care
Complications or Adverse Effects
Adjunct Recommendations and Prognosis
Chapter 94: Electrophysical Agents in Physiotherapy
Electrotherapeutic Windows
Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Therapy
Chapter 95: Osteopathic Treatment of the Axial Skeleton of the Horse
Neurophysiological Basis of Osteopathy
Effects of Osteopathic Treatment
Diagnosis and Case Selection for Osteopathic Treatment
Infrared Thermographic Imaging
Chapter 96: Shock Wave Therapy
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
PART X: Lameness in the Sports Horse
SECTION 1: Poor Performance
Chapter 97: Poor Performance and Lameness
Common Performance Problems
Chapter 98: Experiences Using a High-Speed Treadmill to Evaluate Lameness
Criteria for Case Selection
Preparation of the Horse and Safety Considerations
Chapter 99: The Sales Yearling
Purchase Examination of A Thoroughbred Sales Yearling in North America
Purchase Examination of A Thoroughbred Sales Yearling in Europe
North American Standardbred Sales Yearling
Chapter 100: Pathophysiology and Clinical Diagnosis of Cortical and Subchondral Bone Injury
Specific Locations of Cortical and Subchondral Bone Injury
Chapter 101: Bone Biomarkers
Biomarkers That Reflect Changes in Bone Formation
Biomarkers That Measure Changes in Bone Resorption
Factors That Influence Biochemical Markers of Bone Cell Activity in Horses
Clinical Applications for Bone Biomarkers
Effects of Exercise on Bone Biomarkers
Monitoring Responses to Therapy
Chapter 102: The Bucked-Shin Complex
Etiology, Pathogenesis, and Conservative Management
Stress Fractures of the Third Metacarpal Bone: Surgical Management
Chapter 103: On-the-Track Catastrophes in the Thoroughbred Racehorse
Management Considerations
Public Relations and Media Issues
Regulatory Considerations
Chapter 104: Catastrophic Injuries
Types of Catastrophic Injuries
Chapter 105: Track Surfaces and Lameness: Epidemiological Aspects of Racehorse Injury
Chapter 106: The North American Thoroughbred
Track Surface and Lameness
Medication and Drug Testing Considerations
Inability to Make a Diagnosis
Ten most Common Lameness Conditions
Specific Lameness Conditions
Chapter 107: The European Thoroughbred
History of Horse Racing in the United Kingdom
Comparisons with Racing in North America
Training Regimens in Europe
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions
Chapter 108: The North American Standardbred
Lameness and Poor Racing Performance
Track Surface and Lameness
Lameness in the Young Standardbred
Proceeding Without a Diagnosis
Specific Lameness Conditions of the Standardbred Racehorse
Chapter 109: The European and Australasian Standardbreds
The European Standardbred
The Australasian Standardbred
Chapter 110: The Racing Quarter Horse
History and Description of the Sport
Training the Racing Quarter Horse
Lameness Related to Track Surface
Conformation Relating to Lameness
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions of the Racing Quarter Horse
Specific Lameness Conditions
Chapter 111: Lameness in the Arabian Racehorse: Middle East and North America
Ten most Common Racing-Related Lameness Conditions in the Middle East Arabian Racehorse
Ten most Common Racing-Related Lameness Conditions in the North American Arabian Racehorse
Metacarpophalangeal Joint Lameness and Carpal Osteochondral Fragmentation
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Tarsocrural Osteochondrosis and Distal Hock Joint Pain
Stifle and Carpal Lameness
Dorsal Third Metacarpal Bone Disease
Fractures of Various Bones, Including Stress Fractures
Proceeding without a Diagnosis
Chapter 112: National Hunt Racehorse, Point to Point Horse, and Timber Racing Horse
Training National Hunt Horses
Racing National Hunt Horses
Track Surface or Training Surface and Lameness
Conformation and Lameness
Proceeding without A Diagnosis
Shoeing Considerations and Lameness
The Ten Most Common Causes of Lameness in Steeplechasers, Hurdlers, and Point to Point Horses
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in Steeplechasers, Hurdlers, and Point to Point Horses
The Ten Most Common Causes of Lameness in Timber Racing Horses
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in Timber Racing Horses
Chapter 113: The Finnish Horse and Other Scandinavian Cold-Blooded Trotters
Training a Cold-Blooded Trotter
Racetracks and Weather Conditions
Conformation and Lameness
Ten Most Common Causes of Lameness
Lameness Conditions Typical of Finnhorses
SECTION 3: Nonracing Sports Horses
Chapter 114: Prepurchase Examination of the Performance Horse
Communication with the Vendor
Examination at a Distance
Clinical Examination at Rest
Evaluation of Identified Problems
Nuclear Scintigraphic Examination
Ultrasonographic Examination
Thermographic Examination
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Guidelines for Reporting Prepurchase Examinations
Chapter 115: Lameness in the Show Hunter and Show Jumper
Characteristics of the Jumping Sports Horse
Training and Competition Surfaces
Conformation and Lameness
Failure to Make a Diagnosis
Ten Most Common Lameness Problems of Show Hunters and Show Jumpers
Diagnosis and Management of Common Causes of Lameness
Chapter 116: Lameness in the Dressage Horse
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions in Dressage Horses
Proximal Suspensory Desmitis: Hindlimbs
Proximal Suspensory Desmitis: Forelimbs
Desmitis of the Suspensory Ligament Branches: Forelimbs and Hindlimbs
Synovitis or Osteoarthritis of the Distal Interphalangeal Joint
Desmitis of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon: Forelimbs
Desmitis of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon: Hindlimbs
Osteoarthritis of the Centrodistal and Tarsometatarsal Joints
Synovitis of the Middle Carpal Joint
Synovitis or Osteoarthritis of the Metatarsophalangeal and Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Joints
Palmar or Plantar Annular Ligament Desmitis
Tenosynovitis of the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath
Proximal Palmar Cortical Stress Fracture of the Third Metacarpal Bone
Thoracolumbar and Sacroiliac Pain
Chapter 117: Lameness in the Three Day Event Horse
Influence of the Sport on Lameness
Conformation and Lameness
Proceeding without a Diagnosis
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness
Chapter 118: Lameness in Endurance Horses
Training Methods and Competition Speeds
Lameness and Conformation
The Lameness Examination and Proceeding without a Diagnosis
Common Causes of Lameness in Endurance Horses
Proximal Palmar Metacarpal Pain
Metacarpophalangeal and Metatarsophalangeal Osteoarthritis, Capsulitis, Synovitis, and Periarticular Pathology
Stress Pathology of the Distal Aspect of the Third Metacarpal or Third Metatarsal Bone
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Paravertebral and Gluteal Myalgia
Osteoarthritis of the Distal Hock Joints
Desmitis of the Suspensory Body and Branches
Chapter 119: Lameness in the Polo Pony
Ten Most Common Lameness Problems in Polo Ponies
Superficial Digital Flexor Tendonitis
Metacarpophalangeal (Fetlock) Osteoarthritis
Injury to the Hoof and Distal Phalanx
Palmar Foot Pain Including Navicular Disease
Distal Interphalangeal Osteoarthritis
Desmitis of the Accessory Ligament of the Deep Digital Flexor Tendon
Gluteal Myositis and Back Pain
Chapter 120: The Western Performance Horse
The European Western Performance Horse
Chapter 121: Walking Horses
Chapter 122: Lameness in the American Saddlebred and Other Trotting Breeds with Collection
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions
Specific Lameness Conditions
Other Lameness Conditions
Chapter 123: Lameness in the Arabian and Half-Arabian Show Horse
History of the Sporting Event
Training: Impact of Industry
Conformation and Lameness
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions of the Arabian and Half-Arabian Show Horse
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness
Chapter 124: Lameness in the Driving Horse
Difficulties in Diagnosis
Ten Most Common Lameness Conditions
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness
Chapter 125: Lameness in Draft Horses
Ten Most Common Lameness Problems
Lameness Common to the Forelimb and Hindlimb
Lameness of Foals, Weanlings, and Yearlings
Chapter 126: Lameness in the Pony
Lameness Affecting the Pony
Ten Most Common Conditions Affecting Competition Ponies
Chapter 127: Lameness in Breeding Stallions and Broodmares
Chapter 128: Lameness in Foals
Evaluation of a Lame Foal
Noninfectious Causes of Lameness
Infectious Causes of Lameness
Chapter 129: Pleasure Riding Horse
Legends for color insert figures
Video Segments on Companion Website
Diagnosis and Management of Lameness in the Horse
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