Chapter
Common Abbreviations Used in the Text
Section 1: Basic Principles of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Chapter 1: Basic Principles of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Detection of The Magnetic Resonance Signal
Chapter 2: Clinical Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques
Scouts (``Scan´´ = ``Scout´´)
Morphology (``Scan´´ = ``Morphology´´)
Contractile Function (``Scan´´ = ``Cine´´)
Myocardial Perfusion at Stress And Rest (``Scan´´ = ``Perfusion´´)
Viability and Infarction (``Scan´´ = ``Lge´´)
Flow/Velocity Imaging (``Scan´´ = ``Flow/Velocity´´)
Angiography (``Scan´´ = ``Angiography´´)
Chapter 3: Advanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques: Spiral, Radial, and Parallel Imaging
Chapter 4: Myocardial Perfusion Imaging Theory
The Physiologic Basis for Measuring Myocardial Perfusion
First Pass Imaging With Exogenous Tracers
Parallel Imaging and Acceleration Techniques for Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Water Exchange and Its Effects on Myocardial Contrast Enhancement
Endogenous Contrast for The Assessment of Myocardial Perfusion
Quantitative Evaluation of Myocardial Perfusion
Practical Aspects of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Perfusion Imaging
Chapter 5: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Tagging Assessment of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function
Chapter 6: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agents
Introduction to The Biophysics of Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Contrast-Enhanced Tissue Relaxation
Novel Contrast Agents in Development
Chapter 7: Blood Flow Velocity Assessment
Phase Flow Imaging Methods
Improving The Accuracy of Phase Contrast Velocity Measurements
Chapter 8: Special Considerations for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Safety, Electrocardiographic Setup, Monitoring, and Contraindications
Safety of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Safety Considerations Associated With Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Patient Safety During Stress Conditions
Patient Monitoring and Electrocardiographic Setup
Contraindications to Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Chapter 9: Special Considerations: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Infants and Children
General Protocol for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease
Technical Considerations in Pediatric Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Examples of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 10: Use of Navigator Echoes in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance and Factors Affecting Their Implementation
Use of Navigator Information
Navigator Echo Implementation
Multiple Column Orientations
Chapter 11: Normal Cardiac Anatomy, Orientation, and Function
Normal Cardiac Systolic and Diastolic Function
Effect of Imaging Sequence and Magnetic Field Strength on Ventricular Volumes and Mass and Implications for Reference Standard
Chapter 12: Comprehensive Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Coronary Artery Disease
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Coronary Artery Disease
Comprehensive CMR Assessment of Coronary Artery Disease
Chapter 13: High Field Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Section 2: Ischemic Heart Disease
Chapter 14:Assessment of Cardiac Function
The Population Impact of Cardiac Dysfunction
The Importance of Measuring Cardiac Function
Techniques for Assessing Cardiac Function
Accuracy and Reproducibility of CMR
A Practical Guide to Functional CMR
Other CMR Measures of Global Function: Brief Synopsis
Chapter 15: Wall Motion Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Ischemia, Viability, and Prognosis
Intravenous Dobutamine and Atropine
Safety Profile of Dobutamine and Atropine Stress Testing
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography
Dobutamine Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Utility of Dobutamine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Identifying Inducible Ischemia (Early Studies)
Dobutamine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (Contemporary Studies)
Utility of Dobutamine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Identifying Myocardial Viability
Tissue Tagging During Dobutamine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Adenosine and Dipyridamole as Wall Motion Stress Agents During Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Left Ventricular Wall Motion During Exercise Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Chapter 16: Stress Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Myocardial Perfusion
The Rationale for Perfusion Imaging
The Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Protocol
Endogenous Versus Exogenous Contrast Media
The Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Examination: What Is Established and What Is Not
Analysis of Perfusion Data
Clinical Performance of Perfusion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Chapter 17: Comparison of Perfusion and Wall Motion Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Coronary Artery Physiology and Pathophysiology
Detection of Myocardial Ischemia With Noninvasive Imaging
Chapter 18: Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Detection and Characterization
Global and Regional Left Ventricular Function: Cine Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Late Gadolinium Enhancement to Detect Acute Myocardial Infarction
Validation of Late Gadolinium Enhancement Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Acute Myocardial Infarction
Perfusion status modulates the signal intensity of acute myocardial infarction: residual coronary occlusion versus microvascular obstruction
Prognostic Significance of Microvascular Obstruction after Myocardial Infarction
Microvascular Obstruction Also Predicts Regional Recovery of Function After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Role of Stress Perfusion Imaging After Acute Myocardial Infarction
Use of T2-Weighted Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Coronary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Complications of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Chapter 19: Acute Myocardial Infarction: Ventricular Remodeling
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Evaluation of Ventricular Anatomy During Remodeling
CMR Evaluation of Regional Left Ventricular Function During Remodeling
CMR Spectroscopy Evaluation of Energetics During Left Ventricular Remodeling
Contrast-Enhanced CMR and Predictors of Left Ventricular Remodeling
Evaluation of Therapy for Left Ventricular Remodeling: Animal Studies
Evaluation of Therapy for Left Ventricular Remodeling: Human Studies
Chapter 20: Myocardial Viability
Features of Viable Myocardium Detectable by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance to Detect Viable Myocardium in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Chronic Myocardial Infarction
Chapter 21: Coronary Artery and Vein Imaging: Methods
Coronary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Technical Challenges and Solutions
Coronary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Acquisition Sequences
Coronary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance: Advanced Methods
Chapter 22: Coronary Artery Imaging: ClinicalResults
Identification of Anomalous Coronary Arteries
Coronary Artery Aneurysms and Kawasaki Disease
Native Vessel Coronary Artery Stenoses
Comparison of Coronary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance with Multidetector Computed Tomography
Coronary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Assessment
Chapter 23: Coronary Artery and Sinus Velocity and Flow
Indirect Assessment of Total Coronary Flow and Flow Reserve
Conclusion and Future Developments
Chapter 24: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Imaging and Assessment of Flow
Imaging Modalities Capable of Evaluating Grafts
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Bypass Grafts
Bypass Graft Anatomic Imaging Techniques
CMR Quantification of Graft Flow and Flow Reserve
Chapter 25: Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging: Aorta and Carotid
Pathobiology of Atherosclerosis
Conclusions and Future Directions
Chapter 26: Atherosclerotic Plaque Imaging: Coronaries
Noninvasive Diagnosis of Vulnerable Plaques
Challenges in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Coronary Artery Plaque Imaging
Noncontrast Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Atherosclerosis
Contrast-Enhanced Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Atherosclerosis
Molecular Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Atherosclerosis
Molecular Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Thrombosis
Chapter 27: Assessment of the Biophysical Mechanical Properties of the Arterial Wall
Definition of Vascular Wall Stiffness
Measurement of Arterial Wall Stiffness
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Regional Aortic Compliance
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Flow Wave Velocity
The Clinical Use of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance for Assessing Arterial Wall Stiffness
Assessment of Endothelial Function
Arterial Wall Shear Stress
Section 3: Right Ventricular and Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 28: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Right Ventricular Anatomy and Function
Normal Right Ventricular Anatomy
Normal Right Ventricular Volumes and Systolic Function
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Right Ventricular Anatomy and Function in Disease
Chapter 29: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance of Simple Congenital Cardiovascular Defects
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Pediatric Patients
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Techniques in Congenital Heart Defects
Chapter 30: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Atrial Morphology and Determination of Situs
Ventricular Morphology and Isomerism
Abnormalities of The Atrioventricular Connection
Abnormalities of Ventriculoarterial Connections
Ebstein Anomaly of The Tricuspid Valve
Complex Ventricular Abnormalities (Single Ventricle)
Evaluation of Function in Congenital Heart Disease
Chapter 31: Complex Congenital Heart Disease: Infant and PediatricPatients
Transposition of The Great Arteries
Postoperative Atrial Switch
Double-Outlet Right Ventricle
Section 4: Vasculature and Pericardium
Chapter 32: Pulmonary Vein Imaging
Pulmonary Vein Embryology
Normal and Variant Pulmonary Venous Anatomy
Congenital Pulmonary Venous Anomalies
Pulmonary Veins and The Pathophysiology of Atrial Fibrillation
Imaging Before and After Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Quantification of Pulmonary Vein Size
Late Gadolinium Enhancement Pulmonary Vein Imaging
Chapter 33: Thoracic Aortic Disease
Principles of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance in Aortic Imaging
Dissection of The Thoracic Aorta
Aortic Intramural Hematoma
Interventional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chapter 34: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Angiography: Carotids, Aorta, and Peripheral Vessels
Basic Principles and Techniques
Three-dimensional contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography compared to three-dimensional contrast-enhanced computed tomography angiography
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Angiography of The Extracranial Carotid Arteries
Magnetic Resonance Angiography of The Body
Chapter 35: Pulmonary Artery Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Pulmonary Artery Hypertension
Congenital Vascular Disorders
Chapter 36: The Pericardium: Normal Anatomy and Spectrum of Disease
Section 5: Functional Cardiovascular Disease
Chapter 37: Valvular Heart Disease
Stenotic Heart Valve and Outflow Tract Lesions
CMR in Patients with Mechanical Heart Valves
Chapter 38: Cardiomyopathies
Clinical Questions and The Contribution of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Approach to The Patient With Cardiomyopathy
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Ventricular Noncompaction
Infiltrative Secondary Cardiomyopathies and Endmyocardial Diseases
Stress-Induced Cardiomyopathy
Chapter 39: Cardiac and Paracardiac Masses
Benign Tumors of The Heart
Malignant Tumors of The Heart
Intracardiac Thrombus Formation
Step-By-Step Procedure for The Assessment of Cardiac Tumor
Prognosis of Cardiac Tumors
Chapter 40: Cardiac Transplantation
Imaging Experimental Animal Models
Coronary Artery CMR Patient Studies
Spectroscopy Animal Studies
Spectroscopy Patient Studies
Chapter 41: Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Clinical Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Studies
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at 3 Tesla
Perspective and General Conclusions
Chapter 42: Magnetic Resonance Assessment of Myocardial Oxygenation
Myocardial Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Contrast
The Role of Vasodilators in The Assessment of Myocardial Oxygenation
An Overview of Myocardial Bold Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging in The Preclinical Setting
Clinical Myocardial Bold Imaging
Emerging Techniques for Oxygen-Sensitive Myocardial Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Future of Myocardial Bold Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Chapter 43: Interventional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Interventional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Laboratory
Chapter 44: Pediatric Interventional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
Interventional Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Systems
Merits of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Guidance
Magnetic Instrumentation and Visualization Strategies
X-Ray and Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Guidance
Interventional Cardiac Applications
Appendix I: Analogous CMR TerminologyUsed by Various Vendors
Appendix II: CMR Screening Form—Beth IsraelDeaconess Medical Center—CMR Center
Appendix III: CMR Worksheet and Sequence ProtocolDataform in use (2010) at the BethIsrael Deaconess Medical Center(BIDMC)—CMR Center
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance
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