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Automation in Mining, Mineral and Metal Processing

Copyright Page

Table of Contents

OPENING REMARKS

OPENING ADDRESS

Chapter 1. ADAPTIVE CONTROL OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

2. SPECIFIC FEATURES OF METALLURGICAL PROCESSES AND REQUIREMENTS TO A CONTROL SYSTEM

3. STRUCTURAL DIAGRAM OP ASI

4. DEGREE OFF MODEL IDENTITY WITH REAL PROCESS

5. TACTICAL IDENTIFICATION ALGORITHM

6.ASI APPLICATIONS

7· CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 2. THE 80's-MICROPROCESSORS, DISTRIBUTED CONTROL AND ADVANCED INSTRUMENTATION FOR THE MINERALS INDUSTRY

HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF COMPUTER CONTROL

THE MANY DIFFERENT ROLES OF COMPUTERS

PROCESS CONTROL COMPUTERS IN THE MINERAL INDUSTRY

CONTROL PHILOSOPHY

PROPER INSTALLATION AND MAINTENANCE

THE FUTURE

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 3. MODELLING AND CONTROL OF MINERAL PROCESSING PLANTS

INTRODUCTION

MINERAL TREATMENT PROCESSES

SULPHIDE FLOTATION

COMMINUTION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 4. HIERARCHY CONTROL, ITS PLACE AND FORM IN THE STEEL MILL OF THE FUTURE

INTRODUCTION

THE PURDUE UNIVERSITY PROJECT

A GENERAL DISCUSSION OF HIERARCHICAL COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEMS

THE HIERARCHY AS PROPOSED FOR THE STEEL MILL

THE TRENDS AND SOME PREDICTIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 5. AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION SYSTEM FOR CLUSTER OF CONVEYOR BELT WEIGHERS

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OF THIS SYSTEM

MICROCOMPUTER AND AUTOMATIC CALIBRATION SYSTEM

ACCURACY CONTROL WITH SPECTRAL ANALYSIS OF THE ERROR

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 6. COMPUTER AIDED SCHEDULING FOR ORE TRANSFER

INTRODUCTION

OUTLINE OF ORE TRANSFER

ARGORITHM OF ORE TRANSFER SCHEDULING

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 7. A PERFORMANCE SIMULATOR FOR HEAVY DUMP TRUCKS

INTRODUCTION

THE TRUCKS

THE SIMULATION

SIMULATION VALIDATION TESTS

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 8. MINER, A NEW COAL STRIPPING AND PROCESSING SIMULATOR

DESIGN PRINCIPLES

SYSTEM SKELETON

COMPUTING CONSIDERATIONS.

EXTENSIONS.

USER RESPONSE.

REFERENCES

Chapter 9. SYSTEMS INTEGRATED ORGANIZED TECHNOLOGY APPROACH IN THE POLISH COAL MINING INDUSTRY

OVERVIEW OF THE POLISH MINING INDUSTRY

MODEL OF COMPUTERIZED SYSTEM MANAGEMENT IN THE HARD COAL MINING INDUSTRY

PRESENTATION OF SOME INVESTIGATION RESULTS OF THE MINE SIZE EFFECTS ON THE MANAGEMENT CAPABILITY.1

INVESTIGATION OF THE USE OF COMPUTER SYSTEMS IN DIFFERENT CLASSES OF MINE SIZE

REFERENCES

Chapter 10. TREND ANALYSIS IN COAL MINING BASED ON A PATTERN RECOGNITION TECHNIQUE

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEM AND METHOD

IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 11. S02 EMISSION CONTROL SYSTEM UTILIZING PREDICTION BY KALMAN FILTER

INTRODUCTION

PREDICTIVE EMISSION CONTROLSYSTEM

PREDICTION OF TOTAL EMISSION OF S02 BY KALMAN FILTER

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter 12. INSTRUMENTATION AND MONITORING SYSTEM FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AT CHIBA WORKS

INTRODUCTION

MONITORING SYSTEM

INSTRUMENTATION

MAINTENANCE

WATER QUALITY MONITORING SYSTEM

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 13. SIMULATION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS USED FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL IN SOUTH AFRICAN GOLD MINES

INTRODUCTION

SIMULATION

OPTIMAL CONTROL

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 14. APPLICATION OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY TO LEAD SMELTER ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL

INTRODUCTION

PROCESS REQUIREMENTS

SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

TRAINING

ENGINEERING CONSIDERATIONS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 15.SYSTEMS MODELS FOR MINING UNDER WATER HAZARD

INTRODUCTION

HYDRAULIC MODEL

ECONOMIC DESIGN OP MINEWATERCONTROL SYSTEMS

RELIABILITY OP MINEWATER CONTROL SYSTEMS

MULTIOBJECTIVE REGIONAL MODEL

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 16. A MICROCOMPUTER-BASED CONTROL FOR DRILLING ROOF SUPPORT HOLES IN COAL MINES

INTRODUCTION

BOLTER OPERATION WITH MANUAL CONTROL

DEVELOPMENT OF THE CONTROL APPROACH

DEFINITION OF THE CONTROL ALGORITHM

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM

THE MICROCOMPUTER SYSTEM

TESTING THE PROTOTYPE SYSTEM

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OFTEST RESULTS

IN-MINE TESTING PROGRAM

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 17. HYDRAULIC CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR LONGWALL SHIELD SUPPORTS IN COAL MINES

INTRODUCTION

VOLUME REQUIREMENTS

PRESSURE REQUIREMENTS

VALVE SYSTEMS

CONTROL SYSTEMS

AUTOMATION

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 18. MONITORING AND CONTROL OF FACE EQUIPMENT

CONDITIONS FOR LONGWALL MINING

MONITORING AND CONTROL FUNCTIONS OF A COAL PLOUGH SYSTEM

SENSORS

DATA TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS

DATA HANDLING

Chapter 19 A COMPUTER SYSTEM FOR CHOOSING THE EVACUATION ROUTES IN THE CASE OF FIRE IN A COAL-MINE

INTRODUCTION

GOALS AND STRUCTURE OF THE SYSTEM

DATA BASE STRUCTURE

DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM PROGRAMS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 20. MODULAR COMPUTER-BASED MONITORING SYSTEM FOR MINES

INTRODUCTION

GENERAL CONCEPT OF THE MODULAR SYSTEM

BASIC MODULES

CONCLUSIONS

Chapter 21. MICROPROCESSOR CONTROL OF MAIN PUMPING STATIONS IN THE HUNGARIAN COAL MINES

INTRODUCTION

REQUIREMENTS

CHARACTERISTICS OF IC CONTROL EQUIPMENT

CONCLUSION

USE OP PROGRAMABLE CONTROL DEVICE

Chapter 22. EXPERIMENTS WITH SELF-TUNING CONTROL OF FLOTATION

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

GENERAL APPROACH

SYSTEM MODELLING

MINIMUM VARIANCE CONTROL STRATEGY

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE CONSIDERATIONS

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 23. PREPARATIONS FOR COMPUTER CONTROL OF A CASSITERITE FLOTATION CIRCUIT

INTRODUCTION

THE CASSITERITE FLOTATION CIRCUIT

EFFECT OF THE INSTRUMENTATION ON PLANT OPERATION

STUDIES AIMED AT DESIGN AND JUSTIFICATION OF FLOTATION CONTROL

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 24. A USEFUL TECHNIQUE FOR METALLURGICAL MASS BALANCES-APPLICATIONS IN FLOTATION

INTRODUCTION

THE PRINCIPLE OF STABILIZING A MASS BALANCE

SURVEY OF THE GENERAL SITUATION

CONCLUSIONS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

REFERENCES

Chapter 25. MULTI-VARIABLE IDENTIFICATION AND OPTIMAL CONTROL FOR BAUXITE DIGESTION

INTRODUCTION

CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCE LITERATURE

Chapter 26. CONTROL METHOD FOR ROTARY KILN WITH A HARD ACCESSIBLE QUALITY PARAMETER

INTRODUCTION

FORMAL DESCRIPTION OF THE METHOD

CONTROL ALGORITHM FOR CLINKER CALCINATION PROCESS IN A ROTARY KILN

RESULTS OF CONTROL EXPERIMENTS

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 27. THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROCESS COMPUTER CONTROL AT THE SNOW LAKE CONCENTRATOR

INTRODUCTION

COMPUTER CONTROL STRATEGY

COMPUTER SELECTION

SYSTEM CONFIGURATION

REAL-TIME FORTRAN EXTENSIONS

APPLICATION PROGRAMS

INSTALLATION AND COMMISSIONING

PROBLEM AREAS

PROJECT SUMMARY

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 28. IDENTIFICATION OF A MINERAL PROCESSING PLANT FROM NORMAL OPERATING DATA

INTRODUCTION

CLOSED LOOP SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION

PLANT AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEM

VARIABLES AFFECTING LEAD FLOTATION

PROCESS AND CONTROL MODELS

CONCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 30. STUDIES ON THE DESIGN OF CENTRIFUGAL MILL GRINDING CIRCUITS

INTRODUCTION

BATCH CENTRIFUGAL MILLING

CONTINUOUS CENTRIFUGAL MILLING

HYDROCYCLONE CLASSIFICATION

A 1 MW CENTRIFUGAL MILLING CIRCUIT

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 31. RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION AND MASS TRANSPORT CHARACTERISTICS OF LARGE INDUSTRIAL GRINDING MILLS

INTRODUCTION

THEORY

EXPERIMENTAL

RAW DATA PROCESSING AND RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

Acknowledgements

REFERENCES

Chapter 32. HOLD-UP AND RESIDENCE TIME CHARACTERISTICS OF FULL SCALE GRINDING CIRCUITS

INTRODUCTION

THEORY

EXPERIMENTAL

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

MODELLING OF CLOSED CIRCUIT GRINDING

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 33. MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL OF AN INDUSTRIAL GRINDING CIRCUIT

INTRODUCTION

PRELIMINARY STUDY BY SIMULATION

OPEN-LOOP TESTING AND MODELLING OF THE PLANT

THEORETICAL EVALUATION OF MULTIVARIABLE CONTROL SCHEME

SINGLE-LOOP CONTROL SCHEME

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

NOMENCLATURE

REFERENCES

Chapter 35. THE SIMULATION OF THE BEHAVIOUR OF INDIVIDUAL MINERALS IN A CLOSED GRINDING CIRCUIT

INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURE OF THE SIMULATOR

USE OF THE SIMULATOR FOR THE SELECTION AND DESIGN OF A CONTROLLER

EXPERIMENTAL TESTING

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

NOMENCLATURE

REFERENCES

Chapter 36. IDENTIFICATION OF ORE HARDNESS DISTURBANCES IN A GRINDING CIRCUIT USING A KALMAN FILTER

INTRODUCTION

ESTIMATION SCHEME

EVALUATION OF SCHEME

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 37. MODELLING AND COMPUTER CONTROL OF A BALL MILL UNIT

INTRODUCTION

SIMULATION

IDENTIFICATION

CIRCUIT CONTROL

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Chapter 38. REALTIME DIGITAL COMPUTER STATE ESTIMATOR FOR A HARD ROCK MILLING CIRCUIT

INTRODUCTION

DYNAMIC MODEL FOR THE MILLING CIRCUIT

SIMULATION

THE STATE ESTIMATOR

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 39. INSTRUMENTATION FOR COAL PREPARATION PLANTS

INTRODUCTION

MEASUREMENT OF ASH CONTENT IN COAL

MEASUREMENT OF MOISTURE CONTENT IN COAL

AUTOMATIC MONITORING OF CALORIFIC VALUE OF FINE COAL

MEASUREMENT OF SULPHUR CONTENTS IN COAL

REFERENCES

Chapter 40. AUTOMATIC IN-LINE ASH MONITOR FOR COAL SLURRIES

INTRODUCTION

REVIEW OF AVAILABLE ASH MONITORS

WRL IN-LINE ASH MONITOR

TESTING

SYSTEMS TESTING PROCEDURE

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 41. NEW ENERGY AND WAVELENGTH DISPERSIVE ON-STREAM XRF PROBES

INTRODUCTION

TWO ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO A HIGH PERFORMANCE PROBE

AN ENERGY DISPERSIVE PROBE WITH SOLID STATE DETECTOR

AN ENERGY DISPERSIVE PROBE WITH SOLID STATE DETECTOR

A WAVE DISPERSIVE PROBE WITH CRYSTAL SPECTROMETERS

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 42. EXTENDED RANGE INSTRUMENTATION FOR LARGE PARTICLE ANALYSIS

Light Scattering Theory

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 43. DEVELOPMENT OF A REFERENCE MODEL FOR THE DRYING ZONE OF A TRAVELLING GRATE PELLETIZING PLANT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ASSUMPTIONS

3. LIST OF PARAMETERS

4. BASIC EQUATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS EXCHANGE IN THE BED OF PELLETS

5. A SIMPLIFIED EVAPORATION MODEL

6. AN EVAPORATION MODEL BUILT ON THE DRIVING FORCE IDEA

7. AN EXTENDED MODEL INCLUDING INTERNAL EVAPORATION OF WATER

8. SIMULATION OF THE UPDRAUGHT DRYING ZONE

9. CONCLUSION

10. REFERENCES

Chapter 44. ON-LINE COMPUTER CONTROL OF STRAIGHT GRATE INDURATORS

INTRODUCTION

CONVENTIONAL CONTROL

COMPUTER CONTROL TO DATE

PURPOSE OF COMPUTER CONTROL

OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

OPTIMIZING

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 45. ON-LINE ANALYSIS OF IRON ORE FOR PELLET PRODUCTION

ON-LINE X-RAY ANALYSIS

SET-UP OF THE ANALYZING SYSTEMS

DESCRIPTION OF THE DIFFERENT COMPONENTS

POWER CONTROL SYSTEM FOR THESAMPLING FACILITY

SUMMARY

Chapter 46. AN OPTIMUM-TENDING MODEL FOR COMBINING PRODUCT FORECAST, EXISTING PRODUCT ORDERS AND PLANT CAPACITY IN A STEELWORKS

INTRODUCTION

PURDUE RESEARCH

PROPOSED HIERARCHY

THE SIMULATION

PRODUCTION HEURISTIC

FORECASTING

MASTER SCHEDULING

SCHEDULING TO SLABS (DISAGGREGATION)

EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 47. ERGONOMICS OF SCHEDULING STEELMAKING OPERATIONS

INTRODUCTION

INTERACTIVE VERSUS AUTOMATIC SCHEDULING

MAN-IN-THE LOOP SCHEDULING SIMULATION

A DIRECTION FOR FUTURE RESEARCH

REFERENCES

Chapter 48. A PATTERN RECOGNITION METHOD FOR SOLVING LARGE SCALE MATHEMATICAL PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS WITH APPLICATIONS TO SCHEDULING

INTRODUCTION

PROBLEM STATEMENT

DETERMINATION OF THE BEST SET OF DYNAMIC SCHEDULING DECISIONS USING PATTERN CLASSIFICATION

NUMERICAL EXAMPLE

DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 49. NARROW STRIP AND SKELP MILL PRODUCTION SYSTEMS MODELLING

INTRODUCTION

SYSTEM MODELS

SUB-SYSTEM MODELS

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

APPENDIX 1 REHEATING FURNACE BAR TEMPERATURE CALCULATION

APPENDIX 2 ROLL LOAD AND ROLL SEPARATING FORCE CALCULATION FORMULAS

APPENDIX 3. MEAN HOT STRENGTH YIELD STRESSES

APPENDIX 4 GEOMETRIC FUNCTIONS AND ROLL FLATTENING

APPENDIX 5 MILL ROLL SPRING

APPENDIX 6 BAR TEMPERATURE PROFILE MODEL

Chapter 50.MICROPROCESSOR BASED ROLLING MILL DIGITAL SPEED CONTROL

A DIRECT AND FAST DIGITAL CONTROL

DIGITAL SPEED MEASUREMENT

CONTROL

COMPUTATION OF THE SPEED SETPOINT

HARDWARE

SIMULATION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 51. HOT STRIP WIDTH CONTROL BY COMPUTER

1. INTRODUCTION

2. MATHEMATICAL MODELLING ANDPARAMETER ESTIMATION

3. OFF-LINE SOLUTION OF THE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEM

4. ON-LINE MULTILEVEL CONTROL SYSTEM

5. CONCLUSION

6. APPENDIX A: MEASUREMENT OF WIDTH ERRORS

7. APPENDIX B: THE CONTROL MATRICES

8. NOTATIONS

9. REFERENCES

Chapter 52. IDENTIFICATION AND VERIFICATION OF A MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF ROLLING MILL PROCESSES

INTRODUCTION

PORMALIZATION OP ROLLING MILL PROCESSES

PRACTICAL EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL CALCULATIONS

THE VERIFICATION OF THE MODEL

THE APPLICATION OP THE MODEL FOR CONTROL PURPOSES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 53. DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR A HOT STRIP MILL PROCESS COMPUTER SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION

OVERVIEW OF THE HOT STRIP MILL PROCESS

THE CONTROL SYSTEM

CONTROL PHILOSOPHY FOR MILL SET-UP

SOURCE OF CONFLICT BETWEEN SUPPLIER AND USER OBJECTIVES

PROBLEMS WITH THE ORIGINAL DESIGN

GENERAL DESIGN REQUIREMENTS

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

Chapter 54. THE RENOVATION AND AUTOMATION OF A TANDEM COLD ROLLING MILL

1. INTRODUCTION

2. THE COLD ROLLING PROCESS

3. GOALS FOR THE RENOVATION AND AUTOMATION

4. SCOPE OP THE PROJECT

5. COMPUTER CONTROL

6. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION

7. REFERENCES

Chapter 55. PROCESS COMPUTER SYSTEM OF KAWASAKI'S NEW SEAMLESS PIPE MILL

INTRODUCTION

LAYOUT OF NEW PIPE MILL

OUTLINE OF COMPUTER CONTROL SYSTEM

PIECE TRACKING SYSTEM

OPERATOR GUIDANCE AND DATA LOGGING S YSTEM

ON LINE GAUGE

ULTRASONIC WALL-THICKNESS GAUGE

OUTLINE OF AUTOMATIC GAUGE CONTROL

PLUG MILL CONTROL

REELER CONTROL

SAVE ENERGY SYSTEM OF RHF

CONCLUSION

Chapter 56. OPTIMAL CONTROL OF SENDZIMIR MILL

INTRODUCTION

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM FOR SENDZIMIR MILLS

OPTIMUM THICKNESS CONTROL

SHAPE METER FOR COLD ROLLING

CONCLUSION

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Chapter 57. UNMANNED SLAB AND COIL YARD SYSTEM FOR HOT STRIP MILL

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND OP THE DEVELOPMENT

DESIGN PHILOSOPHY

SYSTEM DESCRIPTION

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 58. RECOGNITION OF MECHANICAL PARTS ON A MOVING CONVEYER

INTRODUCTION

RECOGNITION OF ISOLATED PIECES

SIMULTANEOUS RECOGNITION OF SEVERAL OBJECTS IN AN IMAGE

CASE OF MOVING OBJECTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 59. NON-CONTACT OPTICAL LENGTH MEASUREMENT SYSTEM FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

OPTICAL SET-UP

DOPPLER SIGNAL PROPERTIES

SIGNAL PROCESSING

EXPERIMENTAL SET-UP AND RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

REFERENCES

Chapter 60. RADIOWAVE LIQUID METAL MEDIA LEVEL SENSORS FOR METALLURGICAL PLANTS

INTRODUCTION

EADIOWAVE SYSTEMS AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS USED IN DESIGNING LEVEL SENSORS FOR LIQUID METAL MEDIA

DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR SENSORS OF SLAG-METAL INTERFACE POSITION IN CRYSTALLIZERS OF ELECTROSLAG REMELTING INSTALLATIONS

DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOP SENSORS OF SMALL CHANGES IN LIQUID METAL LEVEL INSIDE INTERMEDIATE TANKS

DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR SENSORS OF LIQUID METAL LEVEL IN CRYSTALLIZERS OP CONTINUOUS INGOT CASTING MACHINES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 61. AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF CASTING SPEED IN INGOT CASTING

INTRODUCTION

MICROWAVE CASTING SPEED METER

AUTOMATIC CONTROL SYSTEM

CASTING SPEED PATTERN

RESULTS OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 62. AUTOMATION OF INDUCTION FURNACES IN A FOUNDRY

INTRODUCTION

DESCRIPTION OF THE PROCESS

MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF MODELS

IDENTIFICATION

STATE OBSERVER - CONTROL LAWS

SIMULATION

DEVELOPMENTS

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

Chapter 63. AN ELECTRODE CONTROLLER FOR SUBMERGED ARC FURNACES

INTRODUCTION

THE SUBMERGED-ARC FURNACES

CIRCUIT ANALYSIS

THE NIM ELECTRODE CONTROLLER

RESULTS

DISCUSSION

CONCLUSIONS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

Chapter 64. THE APPLICATION OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL FOR ENERGY SAVING IN HEATING FURNACES

INTRODUCTION

BATCH FURNACES. CONTINUOUS MODEL

BATCH FURNACES. DISCRETE MODEL

CONTROL OF ENERGY UTILIZATION IN BATCH FURNACES

CONTINUOUS FURNACES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

Chapter 65. AUTOMATION IN THE IRON AND STEEL INDUSTRY: MAIN PROBLEMS AND TRENDS

1. INTRODUCTION

2. ACQUISITION AND HANDLING OF MEASURED VARIABLES

3. MODELS AND AUTOMATIC CONTROL.

4. SYSTEMS ORGANIZATION FOR AUTOMATIC CONTROL.

5. CONCLUSIONS.

REFERENCES

Chapter 66. A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO COAL INDUSTRY PROBLEMS IN THE EIGHTIES-AN II AS A STUDY

INTRODUCTION

A REVIEW OF INDUSTRY PROBLEMS AND RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS

COAL: ISSUES FOR THE EIGHTIES—AN IIASA INDUSTRY PROJECT

PROGRESS TO DATE

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Chapter 67. SUMMING-UP IMPRESSIONS FROM THE MINING SESSIONS

Chapter 68. SUMMARY OF THE REPORTS FROM SESSION CHAIRMEN ON METAL PROCESSING

Chapter 69. SUMMARIES OF THE ROUND-TABLE DISCUSSIONS