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Progress in Analytical Atomic Spectroscopy

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Table of Contents

ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY BASIC PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE. THE OPTICAL PUMPING PROCESS

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

THE RATE EQUATIONS APPROACH

THE ABSORPTION PROFILE

THE EXCITATION FUNCTION

THE DENSITY MATRIX FORMULATION

EXTENSION TO MULTILEVEL SYSTEMS

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER 1

CHAPTER TWO. FLUORESCENCE TRANSITIONS

ADVANTAGES OF USING N0NRESONANCE TRANSITIONS

CHAPTER THREE. FLUORESCENCE RADIANCE EXPRESSIONS

Extension of the Radiance Expressions to the 3-Level Cases

Case 1

Case 2

Comments on the Expressions

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER THREE

CHAPTER FOUR. FLUORESCENCE CURVES OF GROWTH

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER FOUR

CHAPTER FIVE. ANALYTICAL DETECTABILITY

SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO

LIMITING SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO EXPRESSIONS

COMPARISON OF DETECTION LIMITS BY ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

COMPARISON OF DETECTION LIMITS BY ATOMIC SPECTRAL METHODS

DETECTION LIMITS BY ATOMIC SPECTRAL METHODS FOR SAMPLE SOLUTIONS

EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER FIVE

CHAPTER SIX. ANALYTICAL ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

METHODOLOGIES AND ANALYTICAL FIGURES OF MERIT

FUTURE OF ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

INSTRUMENTAL COMPONENTS USED IN ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRIC SYSTEM

CRITERIA OF IMPORTANCE IN CHOOSING AN EXCITATION SOURCE FOR AFS*

CRITERIA OF IMPORTANCE IN CHOOSING AN ATOMIZER

CRITERIA IN CHOOSING ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRIC COMPONENTS

DETECTION LIMITS (AQUEOUS SOLUTION) OBTAINED BY ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY AND BY SEVERAL OTHER METHODS

ABSOLUTE DETECTION LIMITS (AQUEOUS SOLUTION) BY ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY AND BY SEVERAL OTHER METHODS

COMPARISON OF DETECTION LIMITSa BETWEEN NON-DISPERSIVE AND DISPERSIVE OPTICS

BACKGROUND MOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE IN FLAMES

COMPOSITIONS OF FLAMES USED IN NOISE STUDIES

OPTIMIZATION OF SIGNAL-TO-NOISE RATIO IN ATOMIC FLUORESCENCE SPECTROMETRY

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER SIX

CHAPTER SEVEN. PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

PLASMA TEMPERATURE

LIFETIME

CONCENTRATIONS (DENSITIES) OF SPECIES

GAS VELOCITY

OPTOGALVANIC DETECTION

OPTOACOUSTIC DETECTION

PROBE: PROFILE RESOLUTION OBTAINED BY EXCITATION

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER SEVEN

CHAPTER EIGHT. DOPPLER-FREE HIGH RESOLUTION SPECTROSCOPY

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS

SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY

TWO PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY

METHODS OF LASER SATURATION SPECTROSCOPY

APPLICATIONS OF DOPPLER-FREE SPECTROSCOPY

REFERENCES TO CHAPTER EIGHT

APPENDIX I: MOLECULAR FLUORESCENCE EXPRESSIONS

Excitation Rate - General Aspects

Assumptions

Radiance Expressions for Two Level Molecule Case - Condensed Phase

Radiance Expressions for Three Level Molecule Case - Condensed Phase

REFERENCES TO APPENDIX I

APPENDIX II: BROADENING OF SPECTRAL LINES

Doppler Broadening

Collisional (adiabatic ) Broadening

Collisional (Quenching) Broadening

Total Spectral Line

Broadening Due to Hyperfine Structure

Typical Line Widths

REFERENCES TO APPENDIX II

BIOGRAPHIES

NICOLO' OMENETTO

JAMES D. WINEFORDNER

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

TRACE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FOOD AND BEVERAGES BY ATOMIC ABSORPTION SPECTROMETRY

INTRODUCTION

REFERENCES

TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS

ALUMINUM

REFERENCES

ANTIMONY

REFERENCES

ARSENIC

REFERENCES

BORON

REFERENCES

CADMIUM

REFERENCES

CALCIUM

REFERENCES

CHROMIUM

REFERENCES

COBALT

REFERENCES

COPPER

REFERENCES

IRON

REFERENCES

LEAD

REFERENCES

MAGNESIUM

REFERENCES

MANGANESE

REFERENCES

MERCURY

REFERENCES

NICKEL

REFERENCES

POTASSIUM

REFERENCES

SELENIUM

REFERENCES

SODIUM

REFERENCES

TIN

REFERENCES

ZINC

REFERENCES

DETERMINATION OF TRACE METALS IN ULTRAPURE WATER

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER ONE. SOURCES OF CONTAMINATION AND CONTROL OF CONTAMINATION

Airborne Contamination and its Control

Contamination from Apparatus and its Control

Contamination from Reagents and its Control

Contamination from the Analyst and its Control

CHAPTER TWO. TECHNIQUES AND METHODOLOGY

CHAPTER THREE. THE EVALUATION OF THE RELIABILITY OF

EXISTING DATA

CONCLUSIONS

APPENDIX

REFERENCES

INTERFERENCES IN FLAME SPECTROMETRY, THEIR ELIMINATION AND CONTROL

1. INTRODUCTION

2. INTERFERENCES IN THE VAPOUR PHASE

3. SOLUTE VAPORIZATION INTERFERENCES

4. TRANSPORT INTERFERENCES

5. SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION INTERFERENCES

6. CONCLUSIONS AND FINAL REMARKS

REFERENCES

INTERFERENCES IN FLAME SPECTROMETRY, THEIR ELIMINATION AND CONTROL

EMISSION SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS USING COOL FLAMES PART I. A REVIEW OF EXTERNAL VAPOUR GENERATING SYSTEMS FOR MOLECULAR EMISSION CAVITY ANALYSIS (MECA)

INTRODUCTION

ELEMENTS DETERMINED

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

AUTHOR INDEX

SUBJECT INDEX