Chapter
1.2.2 Dynamic and Supramolecular Chirality
1.3 Topological Chirality
1.3.1 The Molecular Graph
1.3.2 Topological Chirality
1.3.3 Topologically Relevant Molecules that are not Topologically Chiral
1.3.4 Topologically Chiral Milestone Molecules (Based on Covalent Bonds)
Chapter 2 Homochirogenesis and the Emergence of Lifelike Structures
2.1 Introduction and Scope
2.2 The Racemic State: Mirror Symmetry Breaking
2.2.1 Is There a Chiral Ancestor?
2.3 Asymmetric Oligomerization
2.3.1 Homochirality and Critical Chain Length
2.3.2 Polymerization Models: Homochiral Peptides
2.3.3 Lessons from Artificial Systems
2.4 Biochirality in Active Sites
Chapter 3 Aspects of Crystallization and Chirality
3.2.1 Space Group Listing
3.2.2 Data and Statistics
3.2.3 Space Group Prediction
3.3 Fundamentals of Crystallization for a Racemic Mixture
3.3.3 Enantiopure Domains
3.4 More Complex Crystallization Behavior
3.4.1 Crystallographically Independent Molecules
3.5 Multiple Crystal Forms
3.6 Conglomerates Revisited
3.6.1 Frequency of Conglomerate Formation
3.6.2 Enantiomer Resolution
3.6.3 Increasing the Chiral Pool
3.6.4 Chemical Modification
Chapter 4 Complexity of Supramolecular Assemblies
4.1.1 Supramolecular Chirality
4.1.3 Supramolecular Chirogenesis
4.2 Generating Supramolecular Chirality through Assembly of Achiral Components
4.2.1 Supramolecular Chirality – Metallo‐Helicates
4.3 Enantioselective Supramolecular Assemblies
4.3.1 Mononuclear Bundles
4.3.3 Higher Order Enantioselective Assemblies
4.4 Conclusions and Future Outlook
Chapter 5 Chirality in the Host‐Guest Behaviour of Supramolecular Systems
5.1 An Introduction to Chiral Recognition and its Importance
5.2 Chiral Hosts for Chiral Guests
5.2.1 Theory of Chiral Recognition
5.2.2 Chiral Crown Ethers for Chiral Ammonium Cations
5.2.3 Hosts for Chiral Anions
5.2.4 Hosts for Chiral Zwitterions and Neutral Molecules
5.3 Conclusions: Summary and Future Directions
Chapter 6 Chiral Influences in Functional Molecular Materials
6.2 Functional Molecular Materials in Different States
6.7 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 7 Chirality in Network Solids
7.2 Chirality in Inorganic Network Solids
7.3 Synthesis of Chiral Coordination Polymers
7.3.1 Chiral Induction, Templating and Symmetry Breaking
7.3.2 Incorporation of Small Chiral Co‐Ligands
7.3.3 Design and Application of Chiral Ligands
7.3.4 Post-Synthetic Modification
7.4 Applications of Chiral Coordination Polymers
7.4.1 Enantioselective Catalysis
7.4.2 Enantioselective Separations
Chapter 8 Chiral Metallosupramolecular Polyhedra
8.2 Basic Design Principles
8.3 Chiral Polyhedra from Achiral Components
8.3.2 Higher Order Polyhedra
8.4 Stereochemical Communication
8.4.1 Stereocontrol through Ligand Modification
8.4.2 Mechanisms of Interconversion between Diastereomers
8.5 Resolution of Racemic Metallo‐Supramolecular Polyhedra
8.6 Chiral Polyhedra from Chiral Molecular Components
8.7 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 9 Chirality at the Solution/Solid‐State Interface
9.1 Self-Assembly at the Solution / Solid-State Interface
9.2 Chirality Expression at the Solution / Solid‐State Interface
9.2.1 Enantiopure Molecules at the Solution / Solid‐State Interface
9.2.2 Racemates at the Solution / Solid-State Interface
9.2.3 Achiral Molecules at the Solution / Solid-State Interface
9.2.4 Other Factors Influencing 2D Chirality
9.3 Chiral Induction / Amplification at the Solution / Solid‐State Interface
9.3.1 Sergeants and Soldiers
9.4.1 Chiral Resolution at the Solution / Solid‐State Interface
9.4.2 Enantioselective Adsorption at the Solution / Solid-State Interface
Chapter 10 Nanoscale Aspects of Chiral Nucleation and Propagation
10.1.1 Chirality at Surfaces
10.1.2 Tracking Chiral Nucleation at Surfaces
10.2 Systems of Discussion
10.2.1 System 1: Co-TPP on Cu(110)- Chirogenesis via Intermolecular Interactions
10.2.2 System 2: Enantiopure and Racemic Mixtures of a Chiral Bis‐lactate – Chiral Segregation Nipped in the Bud
10.2.3 System 3: Tartaric Acid on Cu(110): Highly Nonlinear Chiral Crystallization
Chapter 11 Chirality in Organic Hosts
11.2 Chiral Hosts in Analytical Applications
11.3 Chiral Hosts in Asymmetric Reactions
11.3.1 Native Chiral Hosts
11.3.2 Hosts Modified with Achiral Substituents
11.3.3 Hosts Modified with Chiral Substituents
11.3.4 Hosts Modified with Metal‐Coordinating Ligands
Chapter 12 Chirality Related to Biocatalysis and Enzymes in Organic Synthesis
12.2.1 Historical Context
12.2.2 Importance of Biocatalysis
12.2.3 Biocatalytic Methodologies
12.2.5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Biocatalysis
12.2.6 Whole Cells/Isolated Enzymes
12.3 Biocatalytic Methodologies: Kinetic/Dynamic Kinetic Resolution and Asymmetric Transformations/Chemoselective Desymmetrizations
12.3.1 Kinetic Resolution
12.3.2 Dynamic Kinetic Resolution
12.3.3 Asymmetric Transformations
12.3.4 Chemoselective Desymmetrizations
12.4 Optimization of Biocatalyst Performance
12.5.1 Directed Evolution and Semi‐Rational Design
12.6 Hydrolysis/Reverse Hydrolysis
12.6.1 Hydrolases in Biocatalysis – An Overview
12.6.2 Esterification/Hydrolysis of Esters
12.6.3 Epoxide Hydrolases
12.6.4 Hydrolases in the Resolution of Chiral Amines
12.7.2 Reduction of Ketones
12.7.3 Aldehyde Reductions
12.7.4 Reductive Aminations
12.7.5 Reduction of C = C Bonds
12.7.6 Enantioselective Oxidation/Reduction Cascade Reactions
12.8 C-C and Other C-X Bond Formation
12.8.1 C-C Bond Formation
12.8.2 Halohydrin Dehalogenases
12.8.3 Nitrile Hydratases
12.8.4 Addition of H2O/NH3 to C = C Bonds
Chirality in Supramolecular Assemblies
：Causes and Consequences
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