Cover

Front Matter

Half-title

Series information

Title page

Copyright information

Table of contents

List of Illustrations

Acknowledgments

Part I Introduction and Regional Overview

Chapter (1)

Chapter 1 China In Latin America: Lessons For South–South Cooperation and Sustainable Development

1. Introduction

2. China as a Driver of Social and Environmental Change in Latin America

2.1 Employment creation

2.2 Environmental impacts

2.3 Rising to the challenge: Social and environmental safeguard innovations

2.4 Progress under fire: Challenges to existing protections

3. The Performance – and Incentives – of Chinese Investors in Latin America

3.1 Incentives from home: The role of lender oversight

3.2 The importance of community engagement

3.3 Government–firm relations and the importance of outreach and learning

4. Lessons for Policy

4.1 Latin American governments

4.2 China and Chinese investors

4.3 Civil society

References

Part II China’s and Latin America’s Hydrocarbons Sectors

Chapter (2-4)

Chapter 2 Fdi and Trade: Is China Relevant For the Future of Our Environment? The Case of Argentina

1. Introduction

2. Bilateral Trade and Investment Flows

2.1 Environmental impacts of bilateral trade

3. Chinese Investments in the Oil Industry in Argentina (CNOOC and Sinopec)

3.1 The Argentinean oil sector

3.2 Main features of the Chinese oil firms investing in Argentina

3.3 History of Chinese FDI in the oil sector in Argentina

4. The Case Studies

4.1 Environmental enforcement and negotiation at the province level

4.2 Voluntary measures by CNOOC and Sinopec

4.3 Looking to the future: Shale oil and gas

4.4 Other aspects

5. Conclusions

References

Chapter 3 Colombia and China: Social and Environmental Impacts of Trade and Foreign Direct Investment

1. Introduction

2. China in the Context of the Colombian Economy

2.1 Colombian extraction and China: Large-scale coal mining and oil extraction

3. Large-Scale Coal Mining: Social and Environmental Conflicts

3.1 Coal and chains of production

3.1.1 Generating wealth amid poverty and environmental damage

4. Oil Extraction: A Case Study of a Chinese Company

4.1 Oil, economy and public finances in Casanare and Paz de Ariporo

4.2 Environmental impacts of NGEC in Paz de Ariporo

4.3 Social impacts of NGEC’s operation in Paz de Ariporo

4.4 Transparency in the company, the authorities and the community

4.5 Final reflections on the activity of NGEC

5. Final Conclusions and Recommendations

References

Chapter 4 A Line in the Equatorial Forests: Chinese Investment and the Environmental and Social Impacts ...

1. Instruction: Ecuador, Oil and the Challenge of Diversification

2. Ecuador’s Burgeoning Relationship with China

2.1 China as a trading partner

2.2 China’s and Ecuador’s access to international financial markets

2.3 China as a source of investment

3. Case Study: CNPC and Sinopec in Ecuador

3.1 CNPC and Sinopec in Ecuador, 2006–2014

3.2 New concessions in the South-Central Amazon

3.2.1 New challenges in the physical and social landscapes of Blocks 79 and 83

3.2.2 Addressing the new challenges posed by new landscapes

3.3 Political fallout from the oil-expansion process

4. Conclusions and Recommendations

References

Part III China’s and Latin America’s Mining Sectors

Chapter (5-6)

Chapter 5 An Assessment of the Environmental and Social Impacts of Chinese Trade And Fdi In Bolivia

1. Introduction

2. Chinese Trade and Investment Participation in Latin America

2.1 Chinese investment in the Bolivian economy

2.1.1 Flows of foreign direct investment in Bolivia

2.1.2 Origin of foreign direct investment

2.1.3 Destination of FDI in Bolivia

2.1.4 Incentive policies to attract FDI

2.2 Bolivian trade flows with China

2.3 Bolivia’s external debt with China

2.4 Chinese bilateral aid with Bolivia

3. The Bolivian Mining Sector

3.1 Division between private and public sectors

3.1.1 State sector

3.1.2 Private sector

3.2 Institutional structure

3.2.1 Legal framework for mining

3.2.2 Tax policy framework

3.2.3 Environmental management

3.3 The importance of the mining sector in Bolivia

4. Environmental and Social Impacts Assessment of Chinese Funding in the Bolivian Mining Industry

3.2 Case study 1: Canutillos mine and processing plant

3.2.1 Public consultation

3.2.2 Economic benefits of mine bookbinding treatment plant in Agua Dulce

3.2.3 Royalty revenue

3.2.4 Environmental hazards

3.3 Case study 2: Lithium industrialization process at the Salar de Uyuni

3.3.1 Population and economic activity

3.3.2 The Bolivian lithium industrialization strategy

3.3 The net benefits approach applied to the Bolivian lithium industrialization process

3.3.1 Local acceptance of the lithium industrialization process

3.3.2 Economic benefits

3.3.3 Royalties and taxes

3.3.4 Environmental risk

4. Policy Recommendations

5. Conclusions

References

Chapter 6 Chinese Investment In Peru’s Mining Industry: Blessing or Curse?

1. Introduction

2. Peruvian–Chinese Relations: The Macro Picture

2.1 Trade and investment: A summary

3. Extractive Governance Reforms and Chinese Engagement

3.1 Revenue transparency and distribution

3.2 Voluntary social investment

3.3 Corporate guilds and multi-stakeholder fora

3.4 Labor rules and regulations

3.5 Environmental rules and regulations

4. Case Studies – Learning from the Details

4.1 Shougang: Starting off on the wrong foot

4.2 Chinalco: Holding to a new standard?

4.3 Zijin Mining Group: Not getting off the starting block

5. Conclusions

References

Part IV China’s and Latin America’s Agricultural Sectors

Chapter (7)

Chapter 7 China’s Influence on Deforestation In Brazilian Amazonia: A Growing Force in the State of Mato Grosso

1. Introduction

2. Brazil’s Exports to China and the World

3. China and Deforestation in the State of Mato Grosso

4. Brazil’s Exports to China

4.1 Interpreting export data

4.2 Interpreting deforestation data

4.3 Other commodities exported from Brazilian Amazonia

4.3.1 Timber

4.3.2 Alumina, aluminum and iron

5. China and Political Shifts in Brazil

6. Financing from China

7. Global Investments for Chinese Demand

8. Land Purchases by China

9. China’s Impact on “Sustainable Development”

10. Conclusions

11. Acknowledgments

References

Technical Appendix

Part V China’s and Latin America’s Manufacturing Sectors

Chapter (8-9)

Chapter 8 Chinese Incidence on the Chilean Solar Power Sector

1. Introduction

2. Overview of Trade between Chile and China

2.1 Trade between Chile and China

2.1.1 Imports and exports between Chile and China

2.1.2 Trade agreement between Chile and China

2.2 Trends in Chile’s solar panels trade

3. The Chilean Energy- Power Sector

3.1 Trends in the power sector

3.1.1 Trends in the power grid

3.1.2 Trends for non- conventional renewable energies in the power grid

3.2 Trends in investments and FDI in the energy sector

3.2.1 Investments and FDI in Chile

3.2.2 Investment and FDI in the energy sector

3.3 Policy framework: Regulations and incentives

4. The Emerging Solar Energy Sector in Chile

4.1 Trends in the solar PV sector structure

4.2 Ownership of the projects, providers and developers

4.2.1 Large- scale solar PV projects

4.2.2 Commercial- residential scale solar PV sector

4.3 Costs of PV solar panels

4.4 Technology and quality standards

4.5 Environmental impacts of solar plants

4.5.1 Extensive land use of large-scale solar PV plants

4.5.2 Life cycle greenhouse gas and other air emissions

4.5.3 Hazardous materials in solar PV technology

5. Chinese Global Prominence and Its Solar Energy Policies

5.1 Chinese PV production in a global context

5.2 Chinese solar FDI in the world

5.3 Chinese policies towards the solar industry

5.4 Solar PV domestic policies and trade conflicts

6. Key Emerging Issues and Policy Implications for Chile

6.1 Selective industrial policy

6.2 Standard setting for the solar sector

6.3 Education and capacity- building programs for consumers

6.4 Reduction of existing barriers to solar projects

References

Chapter 9 China In Mexico: Some Environmental and Employment Decisions

1. Introduction

2. Trade between Mexico and China and Chinese OFDI in Mexico

2.1 Mexico–China bilateral trade

2.2 Chinese OFDI in Mexico

2.3 Present Chinese OFDI in the Mexican manufacturing sector

3. Environmental Analysis of Mexican Exports to China and Manufacturing OFDI in Mexico

3.1 Environmental characteristics of Mexican exports to China

3.2 Environmental characteristics of Chinese manufacturing OFDI in Mexico

4. Employment Effects of Trade with China and OFDI in Mexico

4.1 Employment effects of trade between Mexico and China

4.2 Employment effects of Chinese OFDI on the manufacturing sector in Mexico

5. Case Study on Golden Dragon Affiliates S., de R. L. de C. V. (GDA), Monclova, Coahuila

5.1 The Golden Dragon Group

5.1.1 General characteristics and background

5.1.2 GDG technology

5.2 Golden Dragon Affiliates S., de R.L. de C.V. (GDA), Coahuila, Mexico

5.2.1 Background and general performance

5.2.2 Environmental policy of the firm

5.2.3 Labor conditions in GDA

6. Conclusions

Technical Appendix: Scale, Composition and Technique Analysis

References

End Matter

Contributors

Index