Contents

Preface

Introduction

Chapter 1

Photon

1.1. The Generalized Coordinates

1.2. Quantization of an Electromagnetic Field

1.3. Schrodinger’s Equation for a Light Quantum

1.4. Solving the Schrodinger’s Equation for a Light Quantum

1.4.1. Noether’s Theorem and Conservation of the Photon Parameters

1.5. Problem of a Vacuum

1.6. Normalization and Length of a Photon

1.7. The Operator Form of the Schrodinger’s Equation for a Light Quantum

1.8. Photon in a Constant Homogeneous Gravitational Field

1.8.1. Dependence of Quantum Frequency on Gravitational Potential

1.8.2. The Generalized Coordinates in a Constant Homogeneous Gravitational Field

1.8.3. Quantization of an Electromagnetic Field in a Constant Homogeneous Gravitational Field

1.8.4. Schrodinger’s Equation for a Light Quantum in a Constant Homogeneous Gravitational Field

1.8.5. Parameters of a Photon in a Constant Homogeneous Gravitational Field

1.9. Radiation of a Photon

1.10. Transition of a Photon from One Medium to Another

Chapter 2

Elementary Particles: Reason for the Quarks Confinement in the Yang-Mills Field

2.1. Elementary Particles

2.2. The Yang-Mills Field Equations

2.3. Solutions of the Yang-Mills Field Equations

2.3.1. The Solution of the Coulomb’s Type

2.3.2. The Solution of a Confinement Type

Chapter 3

Polarizing and Quantum Effects in Malus Law

3.1. Polarization of Light

3.2. Malus Law. The Classical Approach

3.2.1. Polarizing Tensor. Degree of a Polarization. Stokes Parameters

3.3. The Quantum-Relativistic Form of Malus Law

3.3.1. Interaction Between the Quantums of Electromagnetic Radiation and Electrons

3.3.2. Physical Essence of the Problem

3.3.3. Malus Law. The Direct Quantum Approach

3.3.4. Formula of Klein – Nishina

3.3.5. Variation of Photon Frequency After it Scatters on the Electron, and a Problem with a Vacuum

3.3.6. Malus Law. The Formal - Diagram Approach

3.3.7. Reasons for differences in results with and without the use of FDM

3.3.8. Problem with Quantum Absorption by an Atom

Chapter 4

Annihilation: Positron-Emission Tomography

4.1. Differential, Effective Section of a Positron and Electron in the Photon’s Annihilation

4.2. Angular and Power Distributions of the Annihilative Radiations

4.3. The Reasons for an Angular and Power Distribution of the Annihilative Radiations

4.4. Application of Annihilative Radiation in Positron-Emission Tomography

Chapter 5

Braking Radiation

5.1. The Analysis of Braking Radiation Occurring from the Movement of an Electron in a Substance. The non-Relativistic Variant

5.1.1. Spectrum of the Braking Radiation

5.2. The Relativistic Analysis of a Threshold Process of the Electron’s Braking in a Metal

5.3. The Analysis of Braking Radiation Occurring at the Movement of an Electron in a Substance. The Relativistic Variant

5.4. Braking Radiation of the Electrons in an Electric Field of an Easy Nucleus

Chapter 6

Optical Activity

6.1. The Phenomenological Theory of Optical Activity

6.2. Electrodynamics of Optical Activity

6.3. The Classical Molecular Theory of Optical Activity

6.4. Quantum Theory of Optical Activity: The non-Relativistic Variant

6.4.1. Molecular Model of the Coupled Oscillators

6.5. Spectral Dependences of an Optical Rotation and a Circular Dichroism

6.6. Quantum Theory of Optical Activity. The Relativistic Variant

Chapter 7

Interaction Between an Electromagnetic Field and a Spin: Magnetic-Resonant Tomography

7.1. Magnetic-Resonant Tomography

7.2. Quantum-Mechanical Analysis of the MRT-Signal’s Occurrence

Conclusion

References

Author’s Contact Information

Index