Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contents

Preface

Abbreviations

Chapter I

Introduction

Chapter II

Dietary Isoflavones

Chapter III

Estrogen Receptors

III.1. Molecular Features of Estrogen Receptors

III.2. Brain Distribution

of Estrogen Receptors

III.2.1. Estrogen Receptor Α

III.2.2. Estrogen Receptor Β

III.2.3. G Protein-Coupled Estrogen-Receptor (GPR30)

III.2.4. Conclusion

Chapter IV

Brain Signalization by Estrogens and Estrogen Receptors

IV. 1. Estrogen Signalization through Estrogen Receptors

IV. 2. Estrogen Signalization through Neuronal Bio-Electrical Activity

IV. 3. Estrogen Signalization through Cerebral Neurotransmitter Systems

IV. 4. Estrogen Signalization through Neuronal Morphological Adaptations

IV. 5. Estrogen Signalization through Synaptic Proteins

IV. 6. Estrogen Signalization through Neurotrophins

IV. 7. Estrogen Signalization through Hippocampal Estrogens

IV. 8. Estrogen Signalization through Estrogen Receptor-Interacting Proteins

IV. 9. Estrogen Signalization Modulating Mnemonic Behaviors

Chapter V

Natures of Aging

V.1. Aging Species

V.2. Aging Individuals and Aging Populations (Humans)

V.3. Aging Function (Mammalian Reproductive Neuroendocrine Axis)

V.4. Aging Cognition (Mammalian Hippocampal Formation Sub-Serving Memory Function)

Chapter VI

Pharmacological Effects of Isoflavones on the Hippocampal Formation

VI.1. Description of Pharmacological Studies

VI.1.1. Bio-Electrical Features

VI.1.2. Physio-Molecular Features

VI.1.3. Neuroprotective Features

VI.1.3.A. In Vitro Approaches

VI.1.3.B. In Vivo Approaches

VI.1.4. Neurogenic Features

VI. 2. Discussion of Pharmacological Effects

Chapter VII

Pharmacological Effects of Isoflavones in Non-Hippocampal Cells

VII. 1. Isoflavone Signalization in Neuronal Cells

VII. 2. Isoflavone Signalization in Non-Neuronal Cells

Chapter VIII

Physio-Molecular Impact of Isoflavones on Brain Physiology

Chapter IX

Effects of Dietary/Supplemental Isoflavones on Cognitive Processes

IX. 1. Description

IX. 1.1. Rodents

IX. 1.2. Non-Human Primates

IX. 1.3. Human Subjects

Epidemiological Studies

Interventional Studies

IX. 2. Discussion

Chapter X

Concluding Remarks

X.1. Pharmacological Studies

X.2. Nutritional Studies

References

Index