Voyages of Abuse :Seafarers, Human Rights and International Shipping ( 1 )

Publication subTitle :Seafarers, Human Rights and International Shipping

Publication series :1

Author: Couper   A. D.;Walsh   C. J.;Stanberry   B. A.  

Publisher: Pluto Books Ltd‎

Publication year: 1999

E-ISBN: 9781849640565

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780745315454

P-ISBN(Hardback):  9780745315454

Subject: U676.1 navigation safety

Keyword: 其他政治理论问题,社会学

Language: ENG

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Voyages of Abuse

Description

An account of horrific human rights abuses in international shipping, arguing for the rights of seafarers, and international regulation.

Chapter

The Database

The Case Study

2. International Shipping

The Globalising Processes in Shipping

The New Economic Environment

Cutting Crew Costs

The Structure of World Shipping

The Shipowners

The Institutions of Shipping

Conclusion

3. Seafarers and Employment

Introduction

Recruitment

Training of Seafarers

Nationality and Cultural Diversity

The Divided Ship

Good and Bad Ships and Shipowners

Wages

Victualling/Nutrition

Hazards of Seafaring

The Family

Conclusions

4. Failures, Frauds and Abuses

Causes of Company Collapse

Tidal Marine

Colocotronis

Saleninvest

Sanko

Regency Cruises

The Baltic Shipping Company

Unimar Maritime Services

Dragonix

Consequences to Seafarers from Company Collapse and Neglect

The Diversity of Complaints

Abandonment

Repatriation Refusals

Cheating on Wages and Intimidation

Sexual Harassment

Political Pressure

Refusal of Medical Treatment

Victimisation

Poor Food

Unfair Dismissal

Unfair and Dishonoured Contracts

Employment Agency Illegal Practices

Unseaworthy Ships

Survey by MORI for the ITF ( 1996)

5. Adriatic Tankers I: A Short History of the Company

Greek Shipowners and Shipping

The Origins of Adriatic Tankers

The Growth and Characteristics of the Fleet

Quality of the Fleet

The Seafarers

The Fall

6. Adriatic Tankers II: Management and Finance

Ownership

Flagging Policies

Management Structure and Style

Commercial Management

Financial Opportunities

Sources of Finance for Adriatic Tankers

The Effect of Zissimatos' Personality on the Loans

Asset-based Lending on Adriatic's Ships

Financial Problems Leading to the Collapse

Re- financing and Re- entry

Reactions on the Market

7. Adriatic Tankers III: The Tale of Two Ships

Introduction

The Lourdas

Adriatic Tankers Takes Over

Appeals for Help

Isolated On Board

Abandonment Ashore

The Fate of the New Crew of the Lourdas

The end of the Lourdas

The Kyoto I

A New Crew

Legal Action

A Time of Desperation

Repatriation by the ITF

Escape of the Ship

8. Seafarers and Their Families and Allies

The Seafarers' Allies

International Transport Workers Federation

Wider Functions of the ITF

Relations with Adriatic Tanker Company

Help from the Christian Missions

Actions by the Seafarers

9. The Legal Rights of the Abused and Abandoned Seafarer

Introduction

The Sources of International Maritime Labour Law

The Role of the International Labour Organisation

The Seafarer's Right to Wages and Repatriation under ILO Instruments

The ILO's Recommendation Concerning Seafarers' Wages, Hours of Work and Manning of Ships

The ILO's Repatriation of Seafarers Convention

Why don't these ILO Instruments have Appreciable Effect on the Substandard Sector?

( i) Vague or ambiguous wording

( ii) Putting a time limit on the claiming of legal rights

( iii) Referring disputes to an inaccessible third party

( iv) Discouraging industrial action

Case of the Glory Cape

Problem of Enforcement

( i) Obtaining legal representation and enforcing a lien

( ii) The genuine link concept fact or fantasy?

The Search for a Solution–Compulsory Insurance

Conclusions

10. Towards Global Governance in Shipping

Assignment of Blame

Defects in the Present International Regulatory System

Uninsured Seafarers and Ships

Human Rights

New Developments in International Legislation

The Legal Fiction of Flag and Territory at Sea

Transition to Global Governance in Shipping

Conclusion

Notes

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Appendix 1. Flags of Convenience and Second Registries, June 1997

Appendix 2. Ship losses by Flag ( 1996)

Appendix 3

Glossary

Index

Abandonment

42-4

in hotels [AT] 100

in hotels [AT] 121-4

on Kyoto One 108-17

outside territorial sea 170

outside territorial sea 177

responsibility 158

responsibility 161

Agencies [Employment]

57-8

recruiting 21

recruiting 34

Al Karim 50

Alimos One 44

Allotments

27

46

135

Anchen 132

Anna Sierra 32

Annapurna

121

132

134

Arctic Sea 32

Argostoli Bay

83

132

Arntzen, Morten 78-9

Asena One 47

Assos Bay

118

120

121

Atheras Bay 121

Atlas 52

Australian Vessels 26

Avrig 53

Baltic Exchange 8

Baltic International Maritime Council [BIMCO] 16

Baltic Shipping Company 39

Baltic Universal 50

Bank Loans

10

76-83

87

116

Bank of Scotland

80

85

104-5

Barclays Bank

80

89

107

Basilakes, Nic 92

Black Sea Shipping Co. 48

Blacklists

52

96

137

150

Blue Certificate [ITF]

95

126

173

Blue Sky II 87

Blue Wave 87

BP Shipping 21

Bright Duke 94

Camellia 121

Cape Breeze 119

Cape Spirit

69

87

121

132

Cape Sun 87

Cape Wind 69

Capella II 87

Captain Lucas II 132

Captain Lucas III 68

Centre for Seafarers Rights [US]

175

204

3

150

Chemoil 87

Chios Dream 48

4

17

167

Adriatic Tankers' 69

Adriatic Tankers' 89

Cockroft, David 125

Code of Good Management 169

Coffee Express 51

Colocotronis 37

Comité Maritime International [CMI]

16

141

Concord Aska 53

Consortia

10

15

Contracts [crews]

22

53-7

by nationality 27

dual 151

enforcement 176

Lourdas'[AT] 102

unfair clauses 45

unfair clauses 55-7

unseen 151

unseen 178

Countess

59

67

68

132

135

Craggs, Peter 82

Crew

complaints 41-53

costs 11

costs 12

costs 27

in collapsed companies 41

nationalities 23

nationalities 27

nationalities 74

Cyprus

7

23-4

tonnage 14

Den Norske Bank 87-9

Dolicha Bay 121

Dragon Supreme 40

Dragonix 40

East Wind 121

Eastern Navigator 121

EC Shipping Regulations

17

training 23

Employment [Illegal Practices] 57-9

Everard, E.M. 179

Fairwind Shipping

119

124

2

29

32-3

Fanti 163-4

Fiscardo Bay

119

121

132

Flag Mercindi 50

3

11

14

74

definition 205-6

main entries 192

Food

28

53

ILO Convention 142

Fuji 122

Genuine Link 14

Globalisation in Shipping

9-10

172

176

Glory Cape

47

152

Goddess Orori 44

Gremmanos, Costas Th.

77

80

Harlaftis, Gelena

24

75

Hassan Bey 43

Hazards of Seafaring

29-31

deaths Adriatic Tankers 119-20

losses of ships 193

Hegg 122

Hikari I 122

Hill, C. 160

Hill, J. 25

Illyria 45

Insurance

157-60

Adriatic cover 89

Adriatic cover 161

P&I and seafarers 162

under P&I 17

under P&I 160-1

uninsured seafarers and ships 169-70

International Association of Classification Societies [IACS] 17

International Chamber of Shipping [ICS]

16

86

169

175

International Christian Maritime Association [ICMA]

17

132

International Committee for Seafarers Welfare [ICSW]

32

132

International Labour Organisation [ILO]

5

15

17

139

168

174

177

178

conventions 57

conventions 142-3

liens 153-5

recommendations 144

rights under ILO 144-9

training 22-3

International Maritime Industries Forum [IMIF] 16

International Maritime Organisations [IMO]

5

15

16

140-1

168

171

174

177

178

white list 23

International Shipping Federation [ISF]

16

20

169

175

International Transport Workers Federation [ITF] [main entry] 124-31

Intersea 44

Intertanko

16

70

86

129

169

Intimidation 45-7

Iolcos Pioneer 46

Ionian Breeze

69

121

Ionian Challenger 122

Ionian Eagle

122

132

Ionian Glory

68

122

132

Ionian Jade 122

Ionian Light 122

Ionian Mariner

67

132

Ionian Master 122

Ionian Prince

122

132

Ionian Sailor

67

129-30

Ionian Sky 122

Ionian Sprinter 122

Ionian Star 119

Ionian Wave 122

Irene VII 122

Kathleen D 59-60

Kelly, Juan 86

Kinnon, Neil 169

Kyoto I

94

106-17

122

138

177

Lai, Karen

33

136

Lourdas

94-106

119

122

132

149

122

MARCOM 181

Marilia A 49

Marine Risk Management 124

Medical Treatment

30

49-50

120

136

ILO recommendations 144

Milne, Charlie

75

100

129-30

Missions [main entry]

131-7

Apostleship of the Sea 28

Apostleship of the Sea 33

MORI Survey 60-1

Muroran 122

Myrtos Bay 122

National Bank of Greece 76

Nautical Institute 16

2

119

122

NUMAST 138

Ocean Glory 123

Ocean Sky 123

Ocean Wave 169

Otaru 1 123

Padre Island 163-4

Pirates

31

173

Political Pressure 49

Porfirios 46

Poros Bay 123

Port State Control

23

59

68

135

168

169

171

174

Princess of Rotterdam 87

Queen of Achia 87

Queen of Evian 87

Queen of Lausanne 87

Rainbow II 69

Recruitment

8

11

20

21

34

34

ILO conventions 144

Reefer Princess 50

Regency Cruises

38

81

Regent Sea 38

Regent Spirit 38

Regent Star 38

Regent Sun 38

Repatriation

44-5

by ITF 114-16

by ITF 130

by mortgagees 155

legal rights 143-5

legal rights 147-9

legal rights 151

legal rights 161

Ro Ro Runner 123

Ro Ro Sprinter 123

Rokko San 66

Rotterdam 121

Saleninvest 37

Sanko 37-8

Santa Cristina 43

Sapporo 132

Scandinavian Star 25

Sea Raider 52

Second Registries

14

42

192

Seiko 132

Semo 44

Sexual Harrassment 49

Shinwa Maru No 7 106

ship and flag

155-7

172

Shipowners

14-15

16

Greek 62-4

Greek 76

organisation - ISF 16

organisation - ISF 20

organisation - ISF 169

organisation- ICS 16

organisation- ICS 169

working for 26-28

Shipping World Structure 12-14

ix

7

26

27

29

127

175

Southern Navigator

69

123

Sprinter 123

St Nicholas 43

Stainless Bird 123

Stainless Commander

67

87

123

Stainless Duke 67

Stainless Fighter 123

Stainless Glory

132

136

Stainless Hawk

119

123

132

Stainless Hyogo

123

132

Stainless King 66

Stainless Kobe

123

132

Stainless Maya 69

Stainless Pride 123

Stainless Queen

69

119

120

123

Stainless Shield 123

Stainless Supporter

68

120

123

132

Stainless Sword 123

Stainless Wave 68-9

Stanford Ship Management 82

Starlight

119

123

Steel Flower 51

Stokes, P.

77-8

83

Sverdlovsk 50

Technological Changes 10-11

123

Tidal Marine 36

Tokyo Antikaynen 53

Training

22-23

ILO recommendations 144

Tsakos, N. 91

UNCTAD

16

126

141

168

178

Unfair Dismissal 53

Unimar 39-40

Unipower 40

Unseaworthy Ships

59-60

66

US Trust 79-80

Victimisation 51-2

1

11

43-7

61

144

145-6

Women

19

21

World Duke 94

Yom Kippur War 9

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