Contents

Preface

1 A New Kind of International Terrorism

2 'International Terrorism' as a Media Event

3 Terrorism as War and War Against Terrorism

4 'War Against International Terrorism' in Abstractions

5 'War Against International Terrorism' as Military Action

Postscript Happenings and Unthinkingness

Notes

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Postscript

Index

al-Barakaat, 120

al-Itihaad al-Islamiya, 120

al-Jazeereh 2

al-Quaeda

1

25

52

56

67

68 -71

72

74

95

96

97

98

114

115

117

118 -19

120

Allen, Woody 24

Arafat, Yasser

71

111

Ashcroft, John

113

116

Augustine, St. 32

Barthes, Roland 104

Baudrillard, Jean, on the mass media 14 -15

Berlusconi, Silvio 23

bin Laden, Osama

1

2

21

22

25

26

52

55

56

62

67

68 -71

72

74

90

92

93

94

95

the myth of, 64

the myth of, 97

Blair, Tony

23

25

55

86

94

Blunkett, David 113

Bush, George

1

2

23

67

86

97

98

110

120

Carlos the Jackal [Ilich Ramirez Sanchez] 20

Chomsky, Noam

8

9

19

90 -2

130n

CIA

97

98

Civil Society and Media [Shaw] 4 -5

Clausewitz, Carl von

On War , 38 -40

On War , 38 -40

On War , 41

On War , 41

Crelinsten, Ronald D. 85 -6

Critique of Dialectical Reason, The [Sartre] 38 -9

Césaire, Aimé 33

democracy

65

and terrorism, 77 -87

with international effect, 82 -4

with international effect, 91

Dostam, Abdul Rashid 108

Elliot, Philip, Televising Terrorism [with Schlesinger and Murdoch] 17

Enders, Walter, and Todd Sadler

7 -8

98 -9

ETA 34

fanaticism

65

95

98

99

and terrorism, 89

Hare on, 87 -8

Taylor and Ryan on, 88 -9

understanding of, 86 -9

Fanon, Frantz 33

Farah, Hassan Abshir 120

Feingold, Russell 113

Fleischer, Ari 111

Force

17

111

Fukuyama, Francis 96 -7

Future of Terrorism, The [Gearty] 7 -8

Gearty, Conor, The Future of Terrorism 7 -8

Gowing, N. 18

Graaf, Janny de, Violence as Communication [with Schmid]

16

21

23

Guevara, Ernesto Che 33

Gulf War

4

73

Halliday, Fred

121 -4

132n

Two Hours That Shook the World , 121 -4

Hamas

71

92

111 -12

Hare, R.M. 87 -8

Hayek, Fredrick 66

Herman, Edward S.

8

19

The Real Terror Network, 17

Hollywood

6

100

109

Honderich, Ted, Three Essays on Political Violence 80 -2

How Did This Happen? [Hodge and Rose eds] 121

Hussein, Saddam

55

64

Hyams, Edward 36

IRA

34

75

Islamic Jihad 111

Jospin, Lionel 25

Just and Unjust Wars [Walzer] 46 -51

Khan, Ismail 108

Landscape of Events, A [Virilio] 100

Laqueur, Walter

19

42 -3

Lenin, V.I. 33

Lewis, Carol W. 18

Malvesti, Michele L. 63

Mao Zedong 33

Marighella, Carlos 33

Marx, Karl 77

mass media

Baudrillard on, ix

Baudrillard on, 14 -15

and terrorism ix

and terrorism 4 -6

and terrorism 7

and terrorism 9 -10

and terrorism 12 -24

and terrorism 125 -6n

as determinative agents, ix

as determinative agents, 18 -19

as instrument of state, ix

as instrument of state, 17

as instrument of state, 55

Chomsky and Herman on, ix

Chomsky and Herman on, 8

Chomsky and Herman on, 17

Chomsky and Herman on, 19

empirical studies of, ix

empirical studies of, 17 -18

Merari, Ariel

43 -4

45

Murdoch, Graham, Televising Terrorism [with Schlesinger and Elliot] 17

Musharraf, General Pervez

26

56

59

NATO

25

93

Norris, Chuck 109

Northern Alliance

56

73

94

108

110

Nozick, Robert 66

Omar, Mullah 108

On War [Clausewitz]

38 -40

41

Powell, Colin 1

Real Terror Network, The [Herman] 17

Redlick, Amy Sands

15 -16

19

20

Ryan, Helen 88

Sadler, Todd, and Walter Enders

7 -8

98 -9

Sanchez, Ilich Ramirez [Carlos] 20

Sartre, Jean-Paul

33

127n

The Critique of Dialectical Reason , 38 -9

Schlesinger, Philip, Televising Terrorism [with Murdoch and Elliot] 17

Schmid, Alex P., Violence as Communication [with de Graaf]

16

21

23

Schroeder, Gerhard 25

Sharon, Ariel

56

71

92

111

112

Shaw, Martin, Civil Society and Media 4 -5

Slone, Michelle 18

Somalia Internet Company 120

Sorel, Georges 33

Stockhausen, Karlheinz

12 -13

14

20

Study of War, A [Wright] 40 -1

Taliban

25

26

52

55

56

67

71 -3

90

92

93

94

97

108

109

110

112

114

117

119

Tamzin 111

Taylor, Maxwell 88

Televising Terrorism [Schlesinger, Murdoch, Elliot] 17

terrorism

32 -4

127n

and democracy, 77 -87

and fanaticism, 89

and morality, 46 -51

and state, 65 -7

and state, 85 -6

and state, 91 -7

and state, 109 -10

and the mass media, 4 -6

and the mass media, 7

and the mass media, 9 -10

and the mass media, 12 -24

and the mass media, 125 -6n

and war, 26 -30

and war, 34 -6

and war, 41 -6

and war, 48 -51

and war, 53 -4

connotations of international, 3 -4

connotations of international, 5 -6

connotations of international, 41 -2

connotations of international, 44 -5

connotations of international, 57 -61

connotations of international, 79

definitions of, 3 -4

legal responses to, 49

legal responses to, 62 -3

legal responses to, 65

legal responses to, 68 -70

legal responses to, 113 -19

terrorists

anthrax attacks by, 73 -4

anthrax attacks by, 115

in India, 26

in India, 115

in Israel -Palestine, 26

in Israel -Palestine, 56

in Israel -Palestine, 71

in Israel -Palestine, 92

in Israel -Palestine, 111 -13

in Israel -Palestine, 115

in Oklahoma, 5

in Oklahoma, 18

in Oklahoma, 22

in Sri Lanka, 115

Republican and Unionist, 5

Republican and Unionist, 75

Three Essays on Political Violence [Honderich] 80 -2

Turner, Stansfield 63

Two Hours That Shook the World [Halliday] 121 -4

United Nations 94

Violence as Communication [Schmid and de Graaf]

16

21

23

Virilio, Paul

100 -6

A Landscape of Events , 100

on war, 100 -3

on war, 106

Walker, John

114

117

Waltz, Kenneth

79 -80

129n

Walzer, Michael, Just and Unjust Wars 46 -51

war

St Augustine's concept of just, 32

and terrorism, 26 -30

and terrorism, 34 -6

and terrorism, 41 -6

and terrorism, 48 -51

and terrorism, 53 -4

Clausewitz on, 38 -40

Clausewitz on, 41

conceptualizations of, 29 -32

equivalence in, 39 -42

guerrilla and conventional, 42 -6

in two senses, 26 -9

in two senses, 54

in two senses, 56

Virilio on, 100 -3

Virilio on, 106

what is 36 -41

Wayne, John 109

Wheeler, Everett L. 42

Wilkins, Burleigh Taylor

36

126n

World Trade Organisation [WTO] 92

Wright on 40 -1

Wright, Quincy, A Study of War

40 -1

57

Yassin, Sheikh Ahmed 112