Comparative Anatomy and Histology :A Mouse, Rat, and Human Atlas ( 2 )

Publication subTitle :A Mouse, Rat, and Human Atlas

Publication series :2

Author: Treuting   Piper M.;Dintzis   Suzanne M.;Montine   Kathleen S.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780128029190

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128029008

Subject: R322-64 anatomical diagrams

Keyword: 基础医学

Language: ENG

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Description

The second edition of Comparative Anatomy and Histology is aimed at the new rodent investigator as well as medical and veterinary pathologists who need to expand their knowledge base into comparative anatomy and histology. It guides the reader through normal mouse and rat anatomy and histology using direct comparison to the human. The side by side comparison of mouse, rat, and human tissues highlight the unique biology of the rodents, which has great impact on the validation of rodent models of human disease.

  • Offers the only comprehensive source for comparing mouse, rat, and human anatomy and histology through over 1500 full-color images, in one reference work
  • Enables human and veterinary pathologists to examine tissue samples with greater accuracy and confidence
  • Teaches biomedical researchers to examine the histologic changes in their model rodents
  • Experts from both human and veterinary fields take readers through each organ system in a side-by-side comparative approach to anatomy and histology - human Netter anatomy images along with Netter-style rodent images

Chapter

Phenotyping Study Design

Strategies

Materials and Methods

Animals

Tests, Equipment, Procedures, and Analyses

Pathology Evaluations

Reporting

Conclusion

Further Reading and Relevant Websites

3 Necropsy and Histology

Introduction

Fixation Considerations Prior to Necropsy

Major Groups of Fixatives

Aldehydes

Mercuric Chloride

Alcohols

Picric Acid

Oxidizing Agents

Tissue Fixation Variables to Consider

Temperature

Size

Volume Ratio

Time

pH

Osmolarity

Decalcification of Bone Samples

Frozen Tissue for Histologic Evaluation

Necropsy

Recommended Materials

External Examination

First Incision

Subcutaneous Structures

Mammary Glands

Subcutaneous Lymph Nodes

Internal Examination

Abdominal Cavity

Spleen and Pancreas

Liver

GI Tract

Urogenital System

Male

Female

Kidneys and Adrenals

Thoracic Cavity

Removal of the Thoracic Organs En Bloc

Lungs

Heart and Thymus

Head

Skeletal System

Bone Marrow

Vertebral Column and Spinal Cord

Next Steps

Histology

Processing

Dehydration

Clearing

Infiltration

Considerations for Processing

Embedding

Sectioning

Staining

Routine and Special Staining

Further Reading and Relevant Websites

4 Microscopy, Immunohistochemistry, Digital Imaging, and Quantitative Microscopy

Introduction

Key Elements of Microscopy

Magnification

Resolution

Contrast

Key Elements of IHC

Background

Tissue Processing

Validation of Antibody Specificity

Protocol Optimization

Antigen Retrieval

Minimizing Nonspecific Interactions

Antibody Controls

Negative Controls

Positive Controls

Absorption Controls

Tissue Controls

Negative Controls

Positive Controls

Key Elements of Digital Imaging

Key Elements of Quantitative Microscopy

Background

Stereology

Image Analysis

IHC and Imaging Reproducibility

Acknowledgments

Further Reading and Relevant Websites

5 Skeletal System

Introduction

Skeleton

Gross Anatomy

Histology

General Histologic Methods

Bone Formation and Maturation

Long Bones

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Epiphysis

Growth Plate

Metaphysis

Cutback Zone

Diaphysis

Marrow

Spine

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Vertebrae

Intervertebral Discs

Joints

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Articular cartilage

Meniscus

Soft Tissues

Further Reading

6 Nose, Sinus, Pharynx, and Larynx

Introduction

Nose and Sinus

Gross Anatomy

Preparation of Nasal Tissues for Microscopic Exam

Histology

Squamous Epithelium

Transitional Epithelium

Respiratory Epithelium

Olfactory Epithelium

Olfactory Sensory Neurons

Basal Cells

Sustentacular Cells

Other OE Cells

Other Nasal Cavity Features

Accessory Olfactory Organs in Rodents

Vomeronasal Organ

Septal Organ of Masera

Septal Organ of Grüneberg

Lymphoepithelium and Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Nasal Trigeminal Nerves and Solitary Chemoreceptive Cells

Nasal Blood Vessels

Pharynx and Larynx

Gross Anatomy

Preparation of Rodent Pharynx and Larynx for Microscopic Exam

Histology

Pharynx

Larynx

Further Reading

7 Oral Cavity and Teeth

Introduction

Oral Cavity

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Teeth

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

8 Salivary Glands

Introduction

Salivary Gland Features

Gross Anatomy

General Histology

Submandibular Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Parotid Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Sublingual Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

9 Respiratory System

Introduction

Trachea

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Lung

Gross Anatomy

Bronchi to Terminal Bronchioles

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Respiratory Zone

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Lung Circulatory System

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Pleura

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

10 Cardiovascular

Introduction

Heart

Gross Anatomy

Relative Size Considerations

Histology

Myocardium

Endocardium, Epicardium, and Pericardial Sac

Cardiac Valves

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Conduction System

Great Vessels and Coronary Vasculature

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Common Incidental Findings in Rodents

Further Reading

11 Upper Gastrointestinal Tract

Introduction

Esophagus

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Stomach

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Small Intestine

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Methods

Further Reading

12 Lower Gastrointestinal Tract

Introduction

Cecum

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Appendix

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Colon

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Gut-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

13 Hepatobiliary System

Introduction

Liver

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Gallbladder

Further Reading

14 Pancreas

Introduction

Pancreas

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

15 Endocrine System

Introduction

Thyroid Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Parathyroid Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Adrenal Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Pituitary Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Pineal Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Paraganglia

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

16 Urinary System

Introduction

Kidney

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Nephron

Cortical labyrinths

Medulla

Papilla

Ureters, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

17 Female Reproductive System

Introduction

Ovary

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Oviduct (Uterine Tube)

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Uterus and Cervix

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Vagina and Clitoris

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Placenta

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

18 Male Reproductive System

Introduction

Testes

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Seminiferous Tubules

Rete Testis

Efferent Ducts

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Epididymis

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Vas Deferens

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Seminal Vesicles (Vesicular Glands)

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Prostate Gland

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Ampullary Glands

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Bulbourethral Glands

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Preputial Glands

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Urethra

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Penis

Gross anatomy

Histology

Further Reading

19 Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues

Introduction

Bone Marrow

Methods

Collection and Processing of Bone Marrow

Examination of the Bone Marrow

Histology and Cytology

Erythroid Cells

Myeloid Cells

Lymphocytes

Megakaryocytes

Peripheral Blood

Methods

Collection of Peripheral Blood

Automated Cell Counting

Peripheral Blood Smear

Histology and Cytology

Erythrocytes

Leukocytes

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

Monocytes

Lymphocytes

Platelets

Thymus

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Lymph Nodes

Regional Anatomy

Histology

Spleen

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue

Milky Spots

Acknowledgments

Further Reading and Relevant Websites

20 Nervous System

Introduction

Brain

Gross Anatomy

Surface Features

Internal Landmarks

The Endocrine Brain

Functional Specialization of the Brain

Histology

Cell Types

Neurons

Astrocytes

Oligodendrocytes

Ependyma

Choroid Plexus (CP) Epithelium

Microglia

Region-Specific Histology

Cerebral Cortex

Basal Nuclei

Diencephalon

Cerebellum

Brain Stem

Cell Rests

Related Structures

Meninges

Blood–Brain Barrier

Spinal Cord

Gross Anatomy

Anatomic Organization

Functional Specialization of the Spinal Cord

Histology

Nerves and Ganglia

Regional Anatomy

Histology

Other Considerations

Conventions for Neuroanatomic Terminology

Special Methods in Neurohistologic Preparation

Acknowledgments

Further Reading and Relevant Websites

21 Special Senses: Eye

Introduction

The Eye

Gross Anatomy

Cornea and Sclera

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Uvea

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Iris

Iridocorneal Angle and Aqueous Humor Drainage

Ciliary Body

Choroid

Retina

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Neuorsensory Retina

Retinal Pigment Epithelium

Vitreous Chamber and Lens

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Optic Nerve

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Intraocular Optic Nerve

Intraorbital Optic Nerve

Extraocular Muscles

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Conjunctiva

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Eyelids

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Lacrimal Gland and Drainage System

Gross Anatomy

Histology

The Developing Eye

Further Reading

22 Special Senses: Ear

Introduction

External Ear

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Middle Ear

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Inner Ear

Gross Anatomy

Histology

Labryinths and Fluid

Vestibule and Semicircular Canals

Cochlea

Further Reading

23 Mammary Gland

Introduction

Mammary Gland

Gross Anatomy

Subgross Anatomy and Histology

Terminal Duct Lobular Unit (TDLU)

Lactiferous Duct

Nipple

Mammary Gland Natural History and Reproductive Cycles

Early Development

Ovarian (Estrous and Menstrual) Cycle

Pregnancy and Lactation

Postpartum Involution

Senescence

Further Reading

24 Skin and Adnexa

Introduction

Skin

Histology

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

Panniculus Carnosus Muscle

Adventitia

Adnexa

Histology

Pilosebaceous Unit

Hair Follicle

Arrector Pili Muscle

Sebaceous Glands

Hair Cycle

Hair Types

Modified Sebaceous Glands

Meibomian Glands

Zymbal Glands

Clitoral/Preputial Glands

Perianal Glands

Sweat Glands

Eccrine Sweat Glands

Apocrine Sweat Glands

The Nail

Further Reading

Index

Back Cover

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