Chapter
1 Global- to Deposit-Scale Controls on Orthomagmatic Ni-Cu(-PGE) and PGE Reef Ore Formation
1.2.2 Key Elements of the Magmatic System
1.2.2.1 Ni-Cu(-PGE) Deposits
1.2.2.2 PGE Reef Deposits
1.3 Lithospheric, Tectonic, and Geodynamic Setting: Continent to Craton Scale
1.3.1 Lithospheric Resilience: Preservation Versus Genetic factors
1.3.2 Cratonic Address and the Importance of Craton Margins
1.3.3 Continents and Their Margins
1.3.4 Kinematic/Dynamic Factors
1.3.4.3 West Musgraves (Nebo-Babel)
1.3.4.4 High-MgO Versus Low-MgO (Ultramafic vs Mafic-Ultramafic)
1.3.5 Impact on Metallogeny: PGE-Rich Versus PGE-Poor
1.5 Deposit Temporal Distribution, the Supercontinent Cycle, and Dynamic Earth Model
1.7 Summary: From Global to Local
2 Review of Predictive and Detective Exploration Tools for Magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) Deposits, With a Focus on Komatiite-Related...
2.2 Ni-Cu-(PGE) Ore-Forming Processes and Associated Exploration Tools
2.2.1 Ore Forming Processes
2.2.2 Current Exploration Methods
2.2.3 Predictive Techniques at Regional Scale
2.2.4 Lithogeochemical Tools at Camp to Prospect Scale
2.2.5 Detective Techniques at Deposit Scale
2.3 Hydrothermal Remobilization and Geochemical Haloes
2.4 Weathering-Resistant Geochemical Signals and Indicator Minerals
3 Metallic Ore Deposits Associated With Mafic to Ultramafic Igneous Rocks
3.2.1 Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Deposits
3.2.2 Low-Sulfide PGE-Rich Deposits
3.2.4 Magnetite-Ilmenite Deposits
3.3 Genetic Models of Ore Formation
3.3.1 Sulfide-Rich Ni-Cu-PGE Deposits
3.3.2 Sulfide-Poor PGE Reef-Type Deposits
3.3.4 Magnetite-Ilmenite Deposits
3.4 Tectonic Settings of Mafic Rock-Related Ore Deposits
3.5 Metal Concentration Mechanisms
4 Mixing and Unmixing in the Bushveld Complex Magma Chamber
4.4 Emplacement and Mixing
4.4.1 Identifying Magma Inputs: Isotopes
4.4.2 Identifying Magma Inputs: Major Elements
4.4.3 Dynamics of Magma Emplacement and Mixing
4.5.1 Sulfide Liquid Immiscibility
4.5.2 Silicate Liquid Immiscibility
5 Secular Change of Chromite Concentration Processes From the Archean to the Phanerozoic
5.2 Generation of Chromitites
5.2.1 Stratiform Chromitites
5.4 Possible Secular Variation of the Abundance of Stratiform Chromitite in the Crust
5.5 Possible Secular Variation of Chromite Composition in the Mantle Peridotite
5.6 Possible Secular Variation of Chromite Composition in Podiform Chromitites
5.7 Possible Secular Variation on the Abundance of Chromitite Pods in the Mantle
6 Petrogenetic Evolution of Chromite Deposits in the Archean Greenstone Belts of India
6.2 Types of Chromite Deposits
6.3 Chromite Deposits in the Indian Archean Greenstone Belts
6.3.1 Nuasahi-Sukinda Massifs, Eastern India
6.3.2 Nuggihalli Belt, Southern India
6.4 Compositional Characteristics of Indian Chromites From Archean Greenstone Belts
6.4.1 Major Element Composition of Chromites
6.4.2 Trace Element Composition of Chromites
6.5 Constraints on Parental Magma Composition and Probable Tectonic Settings
6.5.1 Nuasahi-Sukinda Massifs, Singhbhum Craton
6.5.2 Nuggihalli Greenstone Belt, Western Dharwar Craton
6.6 Formation of Chromitites in the Indian Archean Greenstone Belts
7 New Insights on the Origin of Ultramafic-Mafic Intrusions and Associated Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Deposits of the Noril’sk and T...
7.2 Geological Background, Mineralization, and Sample Locations
7.3 U-Pb and Re-Os Constraints on the Temporal Evolution of the Noril’sk-Type Intrusions and Associated Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide D...
7.4 Hf-Nd-Sr Isotope Constraints for the Origin of Ultramafic-Mafic Intrusions
7.5 Os-Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Ores
7.6 Cu-Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Ni-Cu-PGE sulfide ores
7.7 S-Isotope Constraints on the Origin of Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Ores
7.8 Geophysical Fingerprints in the Search for Economic Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Ores
7.9 Isotopic-Geochemical Fingerprints in the Search for Economic Ni-Cu-PGE Sulfide Ores
7.9.1 Os-Isotope Signatures
7.9.2 Sr and Nd-Isotope Signatures
7.9.3 Hf-Isotope Signatures
7.9.4 Cu and S-Isotope Signatures
Appendix A: Geological Background of the Studied Ore Samples
8 Magmatic Sulfide and Fe-Ti Oxide Deposits Associated With Mafic-Ultramafic Intrusions in China
8.2 Geological Background
8.3 Basaltic Magmatism and Metallogeny
8.3.1 Magmatism Associated With the Xiong’er LIP
8.3.2 Neoproterozoic Magmatism in South China
8.3.3 Magmatism Associated With the CAOB
8.3.4 Magmatism Associated With the Tarim LIP
8.3.5 Magmatism Associated With the Emeishan LIP
8.4 Geology and Recent Work on Individual Deposits
8.4.1 Ni-Cu-(PGE) Sulfide Deposits
8.4.2 Fe-Ti-(V)-(P) Oxide Deposits
8.5 Discussion and Summary Words
9 Alaskan-Type Complexes and Their Associations With Economic Mineral Deposits
9.2 Salient Characteristics of Alaskan-Type Complexes
9.3 Ages of Alaskan-Type Complexes
9.4 Occurrences and Prospects of Economic Mineralizations
9.5.1 The Duke Island Complex
9.5.2 The Salt Chuck Complex
9.5.3 The Union Bay Complex
9.6 Origin of Alaskan-Type Complexes and the Associated Mineral Deposits
9.6.1 Origin of Lithological Zoning
9.6.2 Nature of Parental Magmas
9.6.3 Mechanism of Emplacement of Alaskan-Type Complexes
9.6.4 PGE-Enrichment and Possible Origin
9.6.5 Sulfide Minerals in Alaskan-Type Complexes
10 Experimental Aspects of Platinum-Group Minerals
10.2 Experimental Methods for Synthesis of Platinum-Group Minerals
10.4.1 Congruent Techniques
10.4.2 Incongruent Techniques
10.4.2.1 Vapor Transport Technique
10.4.2.2 Hydrothermal Techniques
10.4.3 PGE-Bearing Crystals Prepared by Flux Technique
10.5 Platinum-Group Minerals and Synthetic Analogues
10.5.1 Bortnikovite Pd4Cu3Zn
10.5.2 Coldwellite Pd3Ag2S
10.5.3 Ferhodsite (Fe,Rh,Ni,Ir,Cu,Pt)9S8
10.5.4 Jacutingaite Pt2HgSe3
10.5.5 Jaguéite Cu2Pd3Se4
10.5.9 Kojonenite Pd7-xSnTe2 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.8)
10.5.10 Lisiguangite CuPtBiS3
10.5.11 Lukkulaisvaaraite Pd14Ag2Te9
10.5.12 Malyshevite PdCuBiS3
10.5.13 Miessiite Pd11Te2Se2
10.5.15 Naldrettite Pd2Sb
10.5.17 Norilskite (Pd,Ag)7Pb4
10.5.18 Palladosilicide Pd2Si
10.5.19 Pašavaite Pd3Pb2Te2
10.5.20 Skaergaardite PdCu
10.5.21 Törnroosite Pd11As2Te2
10.5.23 Zaccariniite RhNiAs
Processes and Ore Deposits of Ultramafic-Mafic Magmas through Space and Time
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