Prairie Ducks ( Wildlife Management Institute Classics )

Publication series :Wildlife Management Institute Classics

Author: Sowls Lyle K.  

Publisher: Stackpole Books‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780811766722

Subject: Q958.1 animal ecology

Keyword: 鸟纲,动物学

Language: ENG

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Description

When Dr. Lyle K. Sowls began his studies at Delta in 1946, many wide gaps remained in the knowledge of the relationship of breeding ducks to their home range. There were many scattered observations and a growing mass of data accumulated through the study of banding returned; but the activities of individual ducks during the critical spring months and the activities and the fate of broods each summer remained largely a mystery. Sowls, working toward his doctorate in wildlife management as a graduate student of the University of Wisconsin, studied the waterfowl at Delta for five years in an attempt to plug some of those gaps through intensive study of the waterfowl on one limited are. His studies developed new techniques and brought out new facts that were startling even to waterfowl biologists, facts of prime importance to the duck hunter or to any one interest in the future of America’s waterfowl flights. As a result of Dr. Sowls’ research, new light has been shed on such factors as predation, renesting, and homing habits of the important species of game ducks, and already have become the basis for revised hunting regulations and give a new understanding of waterfowl problems.

Chapter

CHAPTER I THE STUDY

The study area

Study techniques, finding nests

Trapping hens on their nests

Plumage marking

Colored bands

Study data

Chapter summary

CHAPTER II MIGRATION AND SPRING ARRIVAL

Arrival of spring migrants

First to arrive

Migration and the weather

Reversed migrations

Abortive migration attempts

Resting and feeding places on arrival

Activity of transients

Sexual behavior

Distance traveled and time involved

Species association during migration

Flock size during migration

Sex ratio of spring flight

Chapter summary

CHAPTER III MIGRATIONAL HOMING

Homing of adult hens

Adult hen pintails

Adult hen shovellers

Adult hen gadwalls

Adult hen blue-winged teal

Adult hen mallards

Summary of adult hen data

Locations of second-year nests

Adult hens returning several years

Return of juveniles

Nesting of returning juvenile hens

Return of juvenile drakes

Homing and waterfowl management

Chapter summary

CHAPTER IV HOME RANGE AND TERRITORIALITY

An example of home range

Duration of home range attachment

Territory

Territoriality in shoveller #47-604004

Daily variation in ditch population

Duration of aggressive behavior

Absence of aggressive behavior

Variations in territorial behavior

Reactions of drakes to “dummies”

Chapter summary

CHAPTER V NESTING TERRAIN

Nesting cover types

Grain stubble and fallow

Grazed pastures

Ungrazed meadows

Roadsides

Phragmites “jungles”

Brush and trees

Nesting cover and water levels

Influence of grazing

Influence of wild mammals

Water area types

Distances from nests to water

Land-water pattern

Difference in quality of areas

Control of undesirable vegetation

Agriculture and waterfowl

Chapter summary

CHAPTER VI NESTING SEASON

Description of data

Comparison of nesting dates

Comparison of nesting seasons

Temperatures and the nesting season

End of the nesting season

Chapter summary

CHAPTER VII NESTING BEHAVIOR

Behavior of the laying hen

Building the nest

Addition of nesting material

Building the canopy

Rate of laying

Time of day for egg-laying

Behavior of drake, accompanying hen

Dissolution of pair status

Behavior of incubating hen

Nest desertion

Courtship

Retrieving of displaced eggs

Rest and feeding periods

Egg recognition

Eggshell carrying

Induced eggshell carrying

Response to nest moving

Disappearance of eggs

Chapter summary

CHAPTER VIII BREEDING SEASON MORTALITY

Nest mortality

Human disturbance and predation

Flooding as a cause of nest loss

Destruction of nests by flooding

Adult mortality

Food habits of marsh predators

Foods of adult crows

Foods of nestling crows

Foods of marsh hawks

Foods of mink

Franklin ground squirrel foods

Changes in predator densities

Movements of predators

Predator control

Chapter summary

CHAPTER IX RENESTING

Previous work

Clutch size, first nests vs. renests

Appearance, first nests vs. renests

Renesting interval

Continuous laying

Renesting after loss of brood

Location of renests

Number of unsuccessful hens

Renesting and inventory counts

Persistence in renesting

Chapter summary

CHAPTER X HEN AND BROOD BEHAVIOR

Hatching

Brood movements

Brood reactions to calls of hen

Tolling of intruder by hen

Hiding of young by hen

Hiding of hen with brood

Feigning behavior of hen

Defense of young by mother

Brood habitat

Chapter summary

CHAPTER XI AUTUMN BEHAVIOR AND THE SHOOTING SEASON

Signs of autumn behavior

Gathering of "thwarted” pairs

Duration of the molt

Location of molting areas

Population build-up in late summer

Feeding flights to grain fields

Composition of hunters’ bag

Sex and age ratios

Crippling loss from hunting

Pattern of autumn departure

Chapter summary

APPENDIX I ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

APPENDIX II COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF PLANTS

APPENDIX III COMMON AND SCIENTIFIC NAMES OF ANIMALS

LITERATURE CITED

INDEX

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