Chapter
1 Brain Asymmetries—Two Millennia of Speculation, Research and Discoveries
Early Reports on Brain Asymmetries
The Discovery of Language Asymmetry
Are Functions Localized at Cortical Level?
Pierre Paul Broca Enters the Scene
The Many Mysteries of Handedness
Is Right-Handedness Caused by an Uneven Blood Supply to the Arms?
Are Genes Making the Right Arm Strong?
2 Evolution of Asymmetries
The Cambrian Explosion and the Dawn of Behavioral Asymmetries
Reconstructing the Evolution of Handedness in Vertebrates
The Evolution of Human Handedness
The Evolution of Limb Preferences in Vertebrates—A Summary
Reconstructing the Evolution of Vocalization Asymmetries
The Evolution of Language Asymmetry
The Evolution of Vocalization Asymmetry in Vertebrates—A Summary
3 The Connected Hemispheres—The Role of the Corpus Callosum for Hemispheric Asymmetries
Neuroanatomy of the Corpus Callosum and Other Commissures
A Brain, Divided—The Split-Brain Procedure
Split-Brain Research in Animals
Split-Brain Surgery in Humans
Language in Split-Brain Patients
Visuo-spatial Abilities in Split-Brain Patients
Information Transfer in the Split-Brain: The Role of Subcortical Commissures
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Information Processing
Split-Brain Research Today
Patients With Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum: Natural Split-Brains or Not?
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Species Without a Corpus Callosum
The Intact Corpus Callosum and Behavioral Asymmetries
Assessing the Functional Role of the Corpus Callosum for Hemispheric Asymmetries
Interhemispheric Integration and Metacontrol
4 Language and the Left Hemisphere
Motor Aspects of Language Lateralization
Lateralization of Language Processing: The Methods
Visual Half Field Experiments in Healthy Subjects
Functional Transcranial Doppler Sonography
Using Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to Assess Language Lateralization
Using Electroencephalography (EEG) to Investigate Hemispheric Asymmetries
The Language System: Broca’s and Wernicke’s Area
Auditory Information Processing in the Temporal Lobe: Wernicke’s Area and Beyond
The Role of the Posterior Speech Area
Information Transfer in the Language System
Right-Hemispheric Contributions to Language
Atypical Language Lateralization
Language Lateralization in Bilinguals
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Non-vocal Languages: The Case of Whistle Language
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Non-vocal Languages: The Case of Sign Language
5 Handedness and Other Behavioral Asymmetries
The Ontogenesis of Handedness
Molecular Genetic Research on Handedness
Genetic Association Studies
Asymmetrically Expressed Genes: The LMO4 Story
Multilocus Genetic Models
Nongenetic Influences on Handedness
Pawedness in Mice: The Collins Experiments
Seasonal Anisotropy in Handedness
The Role of Early Experience
Adult Head-Turning Asymmetries and Handedness
Evidence for a Multifactorial Determination of Handedness
The Neuroscience of Handedness Conversion
Cognitive Correlates of Handedness
Relations Between Different Forms of Lateral Preferences
6 Spatial Attention, Neglect, and the Right Hemisphere
The Line Bisection Task and Pseudoneglect
Pseudoneglect in Other Tasks
Visuo-Spatial Asymmetries in Non-human Animals
The Neuroanatomy of Visuo-Spatial Attention
Lateralization in White Matter Networks for Visuo-Spatial Attention
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Spatial Abilities
7 Recognizing Yourself and Others—The Role of the Right Hemisphere for Face and Self Perception
Where in the Brain Is the Self?
The Role of the Right Hemisphere for Delusions of Misidentification
Integrity of the Bodily Self
Thinking About Oneself: The Self-Concept and the Left Hemisphere
Summary: The Self and the Right Hemisphere
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Behavioral Markers of Face Perception
fMRI Studies on Face Perception: Finding the Fusiform Face Area
Electrical Brain Stimulation Studies on Face Perception
Electrophysiological Asymmetries During Face Perception
8 Hemispheric Asymmetries in Emotion Processing
Left-Right Differences in Facial Emotion Expression
Hemispheric Asymmetries in Emotion Processing
The Right-Hemisphere Model
The Right-Hemisphere Model: Evidence From Patient Studies
The Right-Hemisphere Model: Evidence From Behavioral Studies in Healthy Individuals
The Frontal Cortical Asymmetry Model of Motivational Direction
9 Structural Hemispheric Asymmetries
Gross Anatomical Differences Between the Hemispheres
Macroscopic Asymmetries in Gray Matter
Macroscopic Asymmetries in the Planum Temporale
Asymmetries of the Sylvian Fissure
Macroscopic Asymmetries in Broca’s Area
Macroscopic Asymmetries in the Motor Cortex
Macroscopic Asymmetries in the Planum Parietale
Macroscopic Asymmetries in Subcortical Structures
Macroscopic Asymmetries in White Matter
Macroscopic Asymmetries in the Arcuate Fasciculus
Macroscopic Asymmetries in the Uncinate Fasciculus
Macroscopic Asymmetries in the Superior Longitudinal Fasciculus
Microstructural Asymmetries
Microstructural Asymmetries in Gray Matter
Microstructural Asymmetries in White Matter
Structural Asymmetries in Gray Matter as a Determinant of Functional Asymmetries
Structural Asymmetries in White Matter as a Determinant of Functional Asymmetries
An Integrative View on Structural Asymmetries
10 Hemispheric Asymmetries Over the Lifespan
Embryonic Left-Right Axis Determination
Brain Plasticity Never Sleeps
From Genes to Lateralized Behavior: What We Can Learn From Zebrafish
Avian Lateralized Visual Cognition
How Embryonic Light Asymmetry Alters Brain and Behavior in Birds
An Asymmetrical Anatomical System Creates Lateralized Visual Behavior
Anatomical and Physiological Asymmetries of Visual Pathways in Pigeons
Development of Hemispheric Asymmetries in Humans
Hemispheric Asymmetries and Aging
11 Sex Differences in Hemispheric Asymmetries
Do Women and Men Differ in Structural Brain Asymmetries?
Do Women and Men Differ in Functional Brain Asymmetries?
Hormonal Effects on Functional Brain Asymmetries
Hormone-Mediated Decoupling of Commissural Interactions
Commissural Interactions During Menses
Commissural Interactions During the Follicular Phase
Commissural Interactions During the Luteal Phase
Summary: The Dual Coding of Cerebral Asymmetries
12 Altered Hemispheric Asymmetries in Neurodevelopmental, Psychiatric, and Neurological Disorders
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD)
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Addiction and Substance Abuse
The Lateralized Brain
：The Neuroscience and Evolution of Hemispheric Asymmetries
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