At the Gate of Christendom :Jews, Muslims and 'Pagans' in Medieval Hungary, c.1000 – c.1300 ( Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series )

Publication subTitle :Jews, Muslims and 'Pagans' in Medieval Hungary, c.1000 – c.1300

Publication series :Cambridge Studies in Medieval Life and Thought: Fourth Series

Author: Nora Berend  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2001

E-ISBN: 9780511837111

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521651851

Subject: K5 European History

Keyword: 欧洲史

Language: ENG

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At the Gate of Christendom

Description

Modern life in increasingly heterogeneous societies has directed attention to patterns of interaction, often using a framework of persecution and tolerance. This study of the economic, social, legal and religious position of three minorities (Jews, Muslims and pagan Turkic nomads) argues that different degrees of exclusion and integration characterized medieval non-Christian status in the medieval Christian kingdom of Hungary between 1000 and 1300. A complex explanation of non-Christian status emerges from the analysis of their economic, social, legal and religious positions and roles. Existence on the frontier with the nomadic world led to the formulation of a frontier ideology, and to anxiety about Hungary's detachment from Christendom, which affected policies towards non-Christians. The study also succeeds in integrating central European history with the study of the medieval world, while challenging such current concepts in medieval studies as frontier societies, persecution and tolerance, ethnicity and 'the other'.

Chapter

Medieval Hungary

Medieval Hungary on the frontier of Christendom

2 CHRISTIANS AND NON-CHRISTIANS

Christianitas and non-Christians

Jews

Muslims

Cumans

3 THE LEGAL POSITION OF HUNGARY’S NON-CHRISTIAN POPULATION

The legal status of Jews

The legal position of Muslims

The legal status of Cumans

The judicial autonomy of non-Christians

The Hungarian legal system and the non-Christians

4 NON-CHRISTIANS IN HUNGARIAN ECONOMY AND SOCIETY

Trade

Financial functions and office-holding

Money-lending

‘Public office’: roles connected to the mint and treasury

Non-Christian presence in agriculture

Military role

5 CONFLICTS BETWEEN THE PAPACY AND THE KINGS

‘Since it is quite absurd that any who blaspheme against Christ should have power over Christians’

Hungary, the Gate of Christendom: birth of a frontier ideology

Political fragmentation and the Cumans

Papal and royal attitudes: the role of non-Christians in Christian society

6 CHRISTIAN PERCEPTIONS AND ATTITUDES

Christian categorization of non-Christians

Christian perceptions of non-Christians

Christian missionary efforts

7 NON-CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES: CONTINUITY, TRANSFORMATION, CONVERSION AND ASSIMILATION

The Jews

The Muslims

The Cumans

CONCLUSION

Appendix 1: Hungarian kings of the house of Árpád

Appendix 2: Toponyms, with Latin and German equivalents

Appendix 3: The manuscript tradition of the Synod of Buda (1279)

Bibliography

Index

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