Description
This thought-provoking book will ask what it is to be human, what to be animal, and what are the natures of the relationships between them. This is accomplished with philosophical and ethical discussions, scientific evidence and dynamic theoretical approaches. Attitudes to Animals will also encourage us to think not only of our relationships to non-human animals, but also of those to other, human, animals. This book provides a foundation that the reader can use to make ethical choices about animals. It will challenge readers to question their current views, attitudes and perspectives on animals, nature and development of the human-animal relationship. Human perspectives on the human-animal relationships reflect what we have learned, together with spoken and unspoken attitudes and assumptions, from our families, societies, media, education and employment.
Chapter
3 Sheep in wolves’ clothing? Attitudes to animals among farmers and scientists
4 The problemof animal subjectivity and its consequences for the scientific measurement of animal suffering
Abnormal behaviour in captive animals
The interpretation of abnormal behaviour
The traditional view: conscious awareness as intellectual reflection
Towards a more dynamic view: conscious awareness as behavioural expression
Starting points for the scientific measurement of animal suffering
5 Environmental enrichment and impoverishment: neurophysiological
The development of the visual system
Monocular or binocular deprivation
Image misalignment and binocularity
Active environmental interactions
The visual system and the environment
A higher-order processing system: the hippocampus
6 The behavioural requirements of farm animals for psychological well-being and survival
Behavioural and physiological restrictions placed on farm animals
The evidence for ‘behavioural needs’
Types of behavioural needs
Behavioural need or behavioural void
Methods of assessing psychological well-being
7 Personality and the happiness of the chimpanzee
The lexical hypothesis and the big-five
The big-five in chimpanzees
Psychological well-being and subjective well-being
Personality and happiness in chimpanzees
8 Primate cognition: evidence for the ethical treatment of primates
Diagnostics of anticipatory planning
Anticipation in deception
Anticipating future needs and risks
Experimental tests of anticipation
9 Animal welfare: the concept of the issues
Requirements for a definition of animal welfare
Welfare: deduced from measurements and varying over a range
Welfare assessment and ethics
Actual and publicly perceived welfare problem areas
10 New perspectives on the design and management of captive animal environments
The abolitionist position
Part IV Research and education
12 Humane education: the role of animal-based learning
Issues in teaching and learning
Animal-based education that is humane
13 ‘Minding animals’: the role of animals in children’s mental development
Anthropomorphism and empathy
Development of children’s empathy
Human and animal consciousness
14 Alternatives to using animals in education
Animals used in undergraduate biology laboratory classes
Microcomputer simulations of animal experiments
Microcomputer simulations of animal preparations
Evaluation of computer-based alternatives
15 Animals in scientific education and a reverence for life
A contradiction in the goals of biology education
The objectification of nature
The animal as laboratory equipment
Moral and educational implications
Part V Epilogue: the future of wild animals
16 Human sentiment and the future of wildlife
17 In the absence of animals: power and impotence in our dealings with endangered animals
Attitudes to Animals
：Views in Animal Welfare
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