Chapter
3 The hematopoietic system
The circulating red cells
Evaluation of circulating red cells
The erythropoietic marrow cells
Control of erythropoiesis
Features of a normal erythropoieticr esponse
Excessive red cell loss by hemorrhage
Red cell loss due to decreased life span (hemolysis)
Specific hemo/ytic anemias
Reduced proliferation of red cell precursors
Defective hemoglobin production
Hematopoietic proliferative diseases
Myeloproliferative disease
Myelodysplastic syndromes
Atypical myeloid reactions
Lymphoproliferative disease
Platelet production (thrombopoiesis)
Regulation of thrombopoiesis
Assessment of the thrombon
Disorders of the thrombon
Clinical signs of platelet disorders
Increased platelet destruction/ consumption
Congenital disorders of platelet function (thrombopathy)
Acquired disorders of platelet function
Disorders of coagulation (coagulopathies)
Counter-coagulation factors
Clinical evaluation and laboratory diagnosis of bleeding disorders
Functions of cells of the leukon
Leukon response and failure
Congenital leukon failure
Laboratory assessment of the leukon
Eosinophils and basophils
Measurement of acid-base status
Interpretation of acid-base disturbance
Pathophysiology of simple acid-base disorders
The effects of acid-base imbalance on other organs
Defense mechanisms of the respiratory tract
Sneezing, coughing and reflex bronchoconstriction
Clearance by mucociliary activity and phagocytosis
The significance of microbial colonization of the respiratory tract
The upper respiratory tract
General reactions of the mucosa of the nose and tracheobronchial tree
Form, function and dysfunction of the lung
Normal respiratory function
Atelectasis (collapse or incomplete expansion)
Form, function and dysfunction of the pleural cavity
6 The cardiovascular system
The intrinsic heart rate (automaticity)
Myocardial mechanics (performance)
Unidirectional (one-way) flow
Heart disease and heart failure
The pathogenesis of heart failure
Effects of an increase in blood volume
Pathophysiologic patterns of heart disease
Myocardial failure (deficit in contractility)
Morphologic patterns in heart disease
Congenital heart disease*
Common congenital heart defects
Arteriovenous shunts/septal defects
Stenoses and insufficiencies
Pathologic and etiologic patterns of vascular disease
The oropharynx and esophagus
The basis of normal deglutition
Clinical features and pathologic mechanisms of abnormal deglutition
Clinical expression of gastric dysfunction
Pathologic mechanisms of gastric disease
Abnormalities of fermentation
Abnormalities of motility
Intestinal immune systems
Intestinal absorption and secretion
Disorders of the intestine
Clinical features of intestinal disease
Pathologic mechanisms in intestinal disease
Gastrointestinal obstruction
Mechanisms and clinical features of obstruction
8 The liver and exocrine pancreas
Pathophysiologic states most relevant to clinical disease
Laboratory aids in diagnosis of liver disease and assessment of liver damage
Clinical expression of liver disease
Pathologic patterns of liver disease and their clinical correlations
Clinical, pathologic and pathogenetic features of exocrine pancreatic disease
Acute pancreatitis (acute pancreatic necrosis)
Modification of the filtrate
Pathophysiology of uremia
Clinical syndromes of renal malfunction
Renal disorders of prerenal origin
Renal disorders of postrenal origin
Types of renal tissue lesions, their common causes and clinical consequences
Tubulointerstitial disease
Function and malfunction in the lower urinary tract
Common disorders of the lower urinary tract
Urine abnormaliies of prerenal origin
Urine abnormalities of renal origin
Hormone structure, function and regulation
Principles of endocrine dysfunction
The basis of endocrine hypofunction
The basis of endocrine hyperfunction
The pathologic features of endocrine disease
Species prevalence of endocrine disease
Adenohypophyseal hypofunction
Adenohypophyseal hyperfunction
Neurohypophyseal hypofunction
C (parafollicular)-cell hyperfunction
Adrenocortical hypofunction
Endocrine pancreatic hypofunction
Endocrine pancreatic hyperfunction
Reactions of the skin in disease and their clinical interpretation
Reactions of the hair coat
Mineralization in the skin
Etiologic and pathogenetic factors in skin disease
Ultraviolet light and photosensitization
Systemic intoxication and malnutrition states
Trauma and contact irritants
Bone and calcium metabolism
Clinical features of skeletal disease
Recognition of locomotor involvement
Localization of the lesion
Characterization of the lesion
Radiographic patterns in bone disease
Radiographic patterns in joint disease
Pathologic features of bone disease
The response of joints to injury
The degenerative arthropathies
Principles of neurologic examination
General clinical aspects of nervous dysfunction
Common clinical syndromes
The anatomical basis of clinical neurologic diagnosis
Pathologic mechanisms of nervous disease
Pathobiology of the neuron
Functional disorders of neurons
Primary neuronal degeneration
Primary disorders of myelin
Compression and swelling in the central nervous system
Nervous tissue necrosis - malacia
Inflammation in the central nervous system
Primary neoplastic disease
Dysgenesis of the nervous system
Clinical features of muscle disease
The laboratory confirmation of muscle disease
The adaptive response of muscle
Patterns of muscle disease and their etiologic implications
Degeneration (necrosis) and regeneration of muscle fibers
Tendon, tendon sheath and muscle trauma
Parturient paresis (milk fever)
Prevalence and clinical signs
Etiology and pathogenesis
Hypomagnesemic tetany (grass tetany)
Prevalence and clinical signs
Etiology and pathogenesis
Prevalence and clinical signs
Etiology and pathogenesis
Prevalence and clinical signs
Etiology and pathogenesis
16 The reproductive system
Development of the reproductive tract
Female reproduction: anatomy and physiology
The ovaries and duct system
Hormonal control of the estrous cycle
Male reproduction: anatomy and physiology
Segmental aplasia (female)
Hormonal activity and abnorm alestrous cycles
Functional ovarian tumors
Inflammation of the female genital tract
Post-partum infection of the uterus
The cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex in the bitch and cat
Fetal injury, death and abortion
Pathology of the male genital system
Inflammation of the penis and prepuce (balanitis and posthitis)
Inflammation of the accessory sex glands
Clinicopathologic Principles for Veterinary Medicine
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