Chapter
2.1b The budget constraint and optimal choice
2.1c Income-compensated price changes
2.1e Income-constant price changes
2.2 Experimental procedures
2.3 Income-compensated price changes: Tests of the fundamental law of demand
2.3a Essential-commodity experiments
2.3b Nonessential-commodity experiments
2.3c Substitutability and variability over time
2.4 Ordinary (uncompensated) price changes
2.4b Inferior/Giffen goods
2.5 The relationship of economic demand theory to optimal foraging theory
2.5a Predator's choice with food preferences
2.5b Predator's choice without food preferences: The marginal value theorem
2.5c Predator's choices without food preferences: Choosing between ratio schedules of reinforcement
Appendix: The marginal value theorem with a time constraint
2A.2 Relation to the marginal value theorem
Chapter 3 Commodity-choice behavior II: Tests of competing motivational processes and the representative consumer hypothesis
3.1 Random behavior models
3.1b Initial test results
3.2b Successful applications of the matching law and related predictions from consumer-demand theory
3.2c Extensions of matching to qualitatively different reinforcers
3.3 Bliss points versus minimum needs
3.3a The generalized minimum-distance hypothesis
3.3b The generalized minimum-needs hypothesis
3.3e Summary and evaluation of competing motivational hypotheses
3.4 The representative consumer hypothesis
3.5 Incentive mechanisms: The case of brain stimulation
Chapater 4 Labor-supply behavior I: Initial tests of thetheory with some public policy implications
4.1 Labor-supply theory: Extending consumer-choice theory
4.1a The budget constraint
4. lb Indifference curves and optimal choice
4.1c Income-compensated wage changes
4.1 d Income-constant wage changes
4.2 Behavior in the laboratory: Results from prior studies
4.2a Backward-bending labor supply curves
4.2b Demand for income as a function of effort price
4.2c Responses to nominal wage-rate changes holding real wages constant
4.2d Choice between alternative jobs with differing wage rates
4.2e Effects of unearned income on labor supply
4.3 Income-compensated wage-changes: Procedures
4.3a Open versus closed economies
4.3b Income-compensated wage decreases with pigeon workers
4.3c Income-compensated wage decreases with rat workers
4.4 Income-compensated wage changes: Results
4.4a Income-compensated wage decreases
4.4b Income-compensated wage increases
4.5 Animal labor supply and the incentive effects of public welfare programs
4.5a Static considerations: Effects of a negative income tax
4.5b Dynamic considerations: The welfare trap hypothesis
4.6 Animal labor and supply-side economics
Chapter 5 Labor-supply behavior II: Tests of competing motivational processes and earnings distribu-tions for animal workers
5.1 Random behavior models
5.2a Matching and the shape of the labor-supply curve
5.2b Differential response rates on interval and ratio schedules of reinforcement
5.2c Concurrent VI-VR schedules
5.2d Progressive ratio schedules
5.3 Bliss points versus minimum needs
5.3a Some initial test results
5.3b Evidence for the possibility that both hypotheses work well
5.3c Further observations on the MN hypothesis
5.3d Postscript on the representative consumer hypothesis
5.4 Earnings distributions for animal workers
Chapter 6 Choices over uncertain outcomes
6.1 Decisions under uncertainty: Some basic concepts
6.1a First-degree stochastic dominance
6.1b Probability learning experiments: Tests of stochastic dominance
6.1 c Test of stochastic dominance using our discrete-trials choice procedures
6.2 Risk preferences over positive payoffs: Response to reward variability
6.2a Large variability payoffs
6.2b Low variability in payoffs and skewed distributions
6.3 Risk preferences under varying levels of resource availability
6.3a Responses to varying resource levels
6.3b Tests of competing motivational hypotheses
6.4 Tests of expected utility theory and the fanning-out hypothesis
6.4a Testing for Allais-type violations of expected utility theory
6.4b Tests of the fanning-out hypothesis
6.5 Risk preference in the face of aversive outcomes
6.5a Relationship to human's risk loving in the face of losses
6.6 Search and information acquisition in stochastic environments
Chapter 7 Intertemporal choice
7.1 Intertemporal choice theory: Basic economic concepts and their relationship to reinforce-ment theory
7.1a The standard economic model and its rela-tionship to the matching law
7.2 Reward size, delay, and choice
7.2a Experimental procedures
7.2b Experimental results and discussion
7.2c Implications of rejecting the standard economic model
7.2d Implications of positive discounting for opti-mal foraging: Constraint or adaptation?
7.3 Time bias under varying income levels: The cycle-of- poverty hypothesis
7.3a Experimental treatment conditions
7.3b Experimental results and discussion
7.4 Toward a more molecular theory: Multiperiod models of consumer choice
7.4a Structure of the model
7.4b Static behavioral relationships
7.4c Dynamic aspects of behavior
7.5 Time discounting in schedules of reinforcement: Responding on VI versus VR schedules and on progressive ratio schedules
7.6 Time discounting in applied behavioral research
7.6a. The effects of time on self-administered drug consumption
8.1 Tests of individual choice theory
8.2 Alternative explanations
8.3 Social policy implications
Economic Choice Theory
：An Experimental Analysis of Animal Behavior
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