Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents

List of figures

Acknowledgments

List of abbreviations

1 Introduction: feelings, languages, and cultures

1 Emotions or feelings?

2 Breaking the ‘‘hermeneutical circle’’

3 "Experience-near" and "experience-distant" concepts

4 Describing feelings through prototypes

5 ‘‘Emotions’’: disruptive episodes or vital forces that mould our lives?

6 Why words matter

7 Emotion and culture

8 The Natural Semantic Metalanguage (NSM) as a tool for cross-cultural analysis

9 An illustration: "sadness" in English and in Russian

10 The scope of this book

2 Defining emotion concepts: discovering ‘‘cognitive scenarios’’

1 ‘‘Something good happened’’ and related concepts

2 ‘‘Something bad happened’’ and related concepts

3 ‘‘Bad things can happen’’ and related concepts

4 ‘‘I don't want things like this to happen’’ and related concepts

5 Thinking about other people

6 Thinking about ourselves

7 Concluding remarks

3 A case study of emotion in culture: German Angst

1 "Angst" as a peculiarly German concept

2 Heidegger's analysis of "Angst"

3 "Angst" in the language of psychology

4 Angst in everyday language

5 Defining Angst

6 The German Angst in a comparative perspective

7 Luther's influence on the German language

8 Eschatological anxieties of Luther's times

9 The meaning of Angst in Luther's writings

10 Martin Luther's inner life and its possible impact on the history of Angst

11 Luther's possible role in the shift from Angst "affliction" to Angst ‘‘anxiety /fear’’

12 The great social and economic anxieties of Luther's times

13 Uncertainty vs. certainty, Angst vs. Sicherheit

14 Certainty and Ordnung

15 Conclusion

4 Reading human faces

1 The human face: a "mirror" or a ‘‘tool’’?

2 From the ‘‘psychology of facial expression’’ to the "semantics of facial expression"

3 "Social" does not mean "voluntary"

4 What kind of "messages" can a face transmit?

5 Messages are not "dimensions"

6 ‘‘The face alone’’ or ‘‘the face in context’’?

7 Analysing facial behaviour into meaningful components

8 Summing up the assumptions

9 In what terms should facial behaviour be described?

10 Humans and primates: a unified framework for verbal, non-verbal, and preverbal communication

11 The meaning of eyebrows drawn together

12 The meaning of ‘‘raised eyebrows’’

13 The meaning of the ‘‘wide open eyes’’ (with immobile eyebrows)

14 The meaning of a down-turned mouth

15 The meaning of tightly pressed lips

16 Conclusion: the what, the how, and the why in the reading of human faces

5 Russian emotional expression

1 Introduction

2 Emotion and the body

3 Conclusion

6 Comparing emotional norms across languages and cultures: Polish vs. Anglo-American

1 Emotion and culture

2 The scripts of "sincerity"

3 The scripts of interpersonal "warmth"

4 The scripts of "spontaneity"

5 Conclusion

7 Emotional universals

1 ‘‘Emotional universals’’ - genuine and spurious

2 A proposed set of ‘‘emotional universals’’

3 Conclusion

Notes

References

Index