Cover

Title

Copyright

Contents

Acknowledgments

1 Immigration Phobia and Its Paradoxes

Challenge to Intergroup Conflict Theories

Antimigrant Alarmism and Realistic Threats

Antimigrant Alarmism and Symbolic Threats

Threat Perception and Contact

Immigration Phobia: The Phenomenon under Investigation and Its Dimensions

Threat, Its Attributive Correlates, and the Logic of Exaggeration

Threat Perception

Hostility

The Threat–Hostility Nexus

2 The Immigration Security Dilemma: Anarchy,Offensiveness, and “Groupness”

“Emerging” Anarchy: Migration as a Sign of State Weakness

Intent Opaqueness: Why Are Migrants Viewed as Having the “Offensive” Advantage?

Migrant “Groupness” and Relative Power

Microfoundations of “Groupness” Valuations

Two Dimensions of “Groupness”: Cohesiveness and Capacity to Assimilate

Conclusion

3 The Two Faces of Socioeconomic Impact Perceptions

Immigration Phobia and the Logic of Relative Gains: “Cleave and Compare” across Groups

Sociological Findings

Perceptual Microfoundations

Immigration Phobia and the Logic of Absolute Gains: “Cleave and Compare” over Time

Socioeconomic Impact Perceptions: Combining Absolute and Relative Gains

Perceptual Interactivity

From Socioeconomic Impact to Threat and Hostility:The Nature of the Linkage

Socioeconomic Impact and Immigration Attitudes: Empirical Findings in the United States

Conclusion: The Immigration Security Dilemma Model and Its Indicators

4 In the Shadow of the “Asian Balkans”: Anti-Chinese Alarmism and Hostility in the Russian Far East

The “Yellow Peril” Revisited: The Scale of Fear vs. the Scale of Migration

The Dilated Eyes of Fear and Hostility in Primorskii Public Opinion

“Asian Balkans” in the “Wild East”: Anticipating Anarchy

Intent Uncertainty and the “Offensive” Advantage of the Chinese: A Primorskii Perspective

The Offensive Potential of Chinese “Groupness”: Stereotypical Distinctions and Assimilability

Socioeconomic Impact Perceptions: Gains and Vulnerabilities

Positive Impacts

Negative Impacts

Public Perceptions

Alternative Explanations

Sensitivity to Minority Group Size and Status Reversal

Ideology

Education, Occupation, Religion, and the “Young Male” Factor

Piecing Together the Security-Dilemma Matrix: Regression Results for Primorskii 2000

General Findings

Interstate vs. Interethnic Threat

Relative Gains vs. Absolute Gains

Threat vs. Hostility

Attitudes vs. Attributes

The Spiral Logic

5 Who’s Behind “Fortress Europe”? Xenophobia and Antimigrant Exclusionism from Dublin to the Danube

Europe on Standby over Migration Fears

Emergent Anarchy Perceptions

Of Migrants and the Rules: Suspicions of Offensive Intent

The Specter of Non-European “Groupness”

Socioeconomic Impact: Drain on Public Services or Remedy against Labor Shortages

Controls

Eurobarometer 47.1: Regression Analysis and the Findings

Threat vs. Hostility

The Security Dilemma vs. Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position

Attitudes vs. Attributes

Central Authority vs. Ethnic Balance

Central Authority and Socioeconomic Vulnerability

Offensive Intent and Territorial Claims

The Nature of Intent Offensiveness

Relative and Absolute Gains

Family Matters

6 Los Angeles Ablaze: Antimigrant Backlashes in the Nation of Immigrants

The Logic of Insecurity: A Missing Link in Explaining Historical Patterns of Antimigrant Hostility in the United States

America’s Antimigrant Hostility Puzzle I: The Logic of Economic Competition in 1880–1915 and in 1970–2000

America’s Antimigrant Hostility Puzzle II: Ethnicity, Culture, and the “New” Latino Migration in the Late Twentieth Century

America’s Antimigrant Hostility Puzzle III: The Big Picture and the Logic of Insecurity

The Security Dilemma and the 1992 Los Angeles Riots

Emergent Anarchy: Government Incapacity and Social Anomie

Emergent Anarchy: Shifting Ethnic Balances

Offensive Advantage and Intent Credibility

Offensive “Groupness”

Socioeconomic Impact: At the Intersection of Blocked Opportunities

Conclusion: Insecurity – the Critical Multiplier

7 Immigration and Security: How Worst-Case Scenarios Become Self-Fulfilling and What We Can Do About It

In Their Own Right: The Discrete Effects of Perceived Anarchy and Migrant Intentions

Identity, Interests, and the Insecurity Multiplier

Prejudice as Perceived Threat to Group Position

Social Categorization and Group Identity

Ethnic (Labor Market) Competition

Implications for Research on Interethnic Conflict Prevention

Implications for Immigration Policy

Global Level

Interstate Level

National Level

Local and Group Levels

Appendix A Primorskii 2000 Survey: Regression Results

Appendix B Eurobarometer Survey No. 47.1 (1997):Regression Results

Appendix C A Journey into Fear: The Immigration Phobia Self-Test

References

Index