Lattice Gas Hydrodynamics ( Cambridge Nonlinear Science Series )

Publication series :Cambridge Nonlinear Science Series

Author: J.-P. Rivet; J. P. Boon  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2001

E-ISBN: 9780511881206

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521419444

Subject: O351.2 fluid dynamics

Keyword: 物理学

Language: ENG

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Lattice Gas Hydrodynamics

Description

Lattice Gas Hydrodynamics describes the approach to fluid dynamics using a micro-world constructed as an automaton universe, where the microscopic dynamics is based not on a description of interacting particles, but on the laws of symmetry and invariance of macroscopic physics. We imagine point-like particles residing on a regular lattice, where they move from node to node and undergo collisions when their trajectories meet. If the collisions occur according to some simple logical rules, and if the lattice has the proper symmetry, then the automaton shows global behavior very similar to that of real fluids. This book carries two important messages. First, it shows how an automaton universe with simple microscopic dynamics - the lattice gas - can exhibit macroscopic behavior in accordance with the phenomenological laws of classical physics. Second, it demonstrates that lattice gases have spontaneous microscopic fluctuations which capture the essentials of actual fluctuations in real fluids.

Chapter

Chapter 2 Microdynamics: general formalism

2.1 Basic concepts and notation

2.1.1 The lattice and the velocity vectors

2.1.2 The Boolean field

2.1.3 Observables

2.1.4 Generalized observables

2.2 The microdynamic equation

2.2.1 Formal expression

2.2.2 The propagation operator

2.2.3 The collision operator

2.2.4 Analytic expressions of the microdynamic equation

2.3 Microscopic properties of a lattice gas

2.3.1 Detailed and semi-detailed balance

2.3.2 Duality

2.3.3 Conservation laws

2.3.4 G-invariance

2.3.5 Crystallographic isotropy

2.3.6 Irreducibility

2.4 Special rules

2.4.1 Solid impermeable obstacles

2.4.2 Sources and sinks of observable quantities

2.5 Comments

Chapter 3 Microdynamics: various examples

3.1 The HPP model

3.1.1 The micro dynamical equation

3.1.2 Microscopic properties

3.2 The FHP-1 model

3.2.1 The micro dynamical equation

3.2.2 Microscopic properties

3.3 The FHP-2 model

3.3.1 The microdynamical equation

3.3.2 Microscopic properties

3.4 The FHP-3 model

3.4.1 The microdynamical equation

3.4.2 Microscopic properties

3.5 The 'colored' FHP model (CFHP)

3.5.1 The microdynamical equation

3.5.2 Microscopic properties

3.6 The GBL model

3.6.1 The microdynamical equation

3.6.2 Microscopic properties

3.7 Three-dimensional models

3.7.1 Models with multiple links

3.7.2 Models with biased collisions

3.7.3 The FCHC models

3.7.4 Collision rules

3.7.5 The microdynamical equation

3.7.6 Microscopic properties

Chapter 4 Equilibrium statistical mechanics

4.1 The Liouville description

4.1.1 Macrostates

4.1.2 Ensemble-averages

4.1.3 The lattice Liouville equation

4.2 The Boltzmann description

4.2.1 The Boltzmann approximation

4.2.2 The lattice Boltzmann equation

4.3 The if-theorem

4.3.1 Some basics about communication and information

4.3.2 The H-theorem for lattice gases

4.4 Global equilibrium macrostates

4.4.1 The Liouville approach

4.4.2 The lattice Boltzmann approach

4.4.3 The variational approach

4.5 Natural parameterization of equilibria

4.5.1 Low-speed equilibria for single-species non-thermal models

4.5.2 Nearly equally distributed equilibria for thermal models

4.6 Statistical thermodynamics

4.7 Static correlation functions

Chapter 5 Macrodynamics: Chapman-Enskog method

5.1 Local equilibria and the hydrodynamic limit

5.2 The multi-scale expansion for macrodynamics

5.2.1 The scale separation parameter

5.2.2 Perturbed local equilibrium

5.2.3 Macroscopic space and time scales

5.2.4 The averaged microdynamic equation

5.2.5 The expansion in powers of e

5.3 First order macrodynamics

5.3.1 Solvability conditions for the first order problem

5.3.2 Solution of the first order problem

5.4 Second order macrodynamics

5.4.1 Solvability conditions for the second order problem

5.5 The macrodynamic equations

5.6 Transport coefficients within the Boltzmann approximation

5.7 Non-thermal models

5.7.1 First order macrodynamics

5.7.2 Second order macrodynamics

5.7.3 The macrodynamic equation

5.7.4 The transport coefficients

5.8 Comments

Chapter 6 Linearized hydrodynamics

6.1 The linearized Boltzmann equation

6.2 Slow and fast variables

6.3 The hydrodynamic limit

6.3.1 The coupling function

6.3.2 The memory function

6.3.3 The random force term

6.3.4 The long-wavelength, long-time limit

6.4 The transport matrix

6.5 Comments

Chapter 7 Hydrodynamic fluctuations

7.1 The dynamic structure factor

7.2 Fluctuation correlations

7.3 The hydrodynamic modes

7.3.1 The spectral decomposition

7.3.2 The eigenvalues

7.4 The hydrodynamic spectrum

7.5 The eigenvalue spectrum

7.5.1 Hydrodynamic regime: klf << 1

7.5.2 Generalized hydrodynamic regime: klf < 1

7.5.3 Kinetic regime: klf >, 1

7.6 Power spectrum

7.6.1 High density

7.6.2 Low density

7.6.3 Dispersion effects

7.7 Diffusion and correlations

7.7.1 The two-species lattice gas

7.7.2 The hydrodynamic limit

7.7.3 The power spectrum

Chapter 8 Macrodynamics: projectors approach

8.1 Preliminaries

8.2 Multiple scales analysis

8.3 The hydrodynamic equations

8.4 Linear response and Green-Kubo coefficients

8.5 Long-time tails

Chapter 9 Hydrodynamic regimes

9.1 The acoustic limit

9.2 The incompressible limit

9.3 Comments

9.3.1 Invariances

9.3.2 Four-dimensional models

9.3.3 Lattice gases to simulate real fluid dynamics

Chapter 10 Lattice gas simulations

10.1 Lattice gas algorithms on dedicated machines

10.2 Lattice gas algorithms on general purpose computers

10.2.1 Channel-wise vs. node-wise storage

10.2.2 Collision strategies

10.2.3 Obstacles

10.3 Essential features of a lattice gas simulation code

10.3.1 Initialization

10.3.2 Raw physical data extraction

10.3.3 Post-processing

10.4 Measurement of basic lattice gas properties

10.4.1 Measuring g(p) and v(p)

10.4.2 Measuring cs(p) and v'(p)

10.4.3 An example: the FCHC-3 model

10.5 Examples of lattice gas simulations

10.5.1 The Kelvin-Helmholtz instability

10.5.2 Particle aggregation

10.5.3 Two-dimensional flow past an obstacle

10.5.4 Three-dimensional flow past an obstacle

10.5.5 Two-dimensional flow of a two-phase fluid in a porous medium

Chapter 11 Guide for further reading

11.1 The historical 'roots'

11.1.1 Discrete kinetic theory

11.1.2 The early days

11.1.3 Cellular automata

11.2 Three-dimensional models

11.3 Theoretical analyses

11.3.1 General lattice gas theory

11.3.2 Statistical physics and thermodynamics

11.3.3 Violation of semi-detailed balance

11.3.4 Invariants and conservation laws

11.3.5 Obstacles and Knudsen layers

11.4 Models with particular features

11.4.1 Fluid mixtures and colloids

11.4.2 Reaction-diffusion systems

11.4.3 Immiscible fluids and free interfaces

11.4.4 Flow in porous media

11.4.5 Thermo-hydrodynamics

11.4.6 Elastic waves

11.4.7 Other models

11.5 Lattice Boltzmann method

11.6 Lattice Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook model

11.7 Numerical simulations and implementations

11.7.1 Implementation on dedicated hardware

11.7.2 Simulations on general purpose computers

11.8 Books and review articles

Appendix Mathematical details

References

Author index

Subject index

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