Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey: Volume 2, Linguistic Theory: Extensions and Implications

Author： Frederick J. Newmeyer

Publisher： Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year： 1989

E-ISBN: 9780511870583

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521375818

Subject： H0 Linguistics

Keyword：语言学

Language： ENG

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Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey: Volume 2, Linguistic Theory: Extensions and Implications

Description

Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey is a comprehensive introduction to prevalent research in all branches of the field of linguistics, from syntactic theory to ethnography of speaking, from signed language to the mental lexicon, from language acquisition to discourse analysis. Each chapter has been written by a specialist particularly distinguished in his or her field who has accepted the challenge of reviewing the current issues and future prospects in sufficient depth for the scholar and with sufficient clarity for the student. Each volume can be read independently and has a particular focus. Volume I covers the internal structure of the language faculty itself, while Volume II considers the evidence for, and the implications of, a generativist approach to language. Psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics are covered in Volume III, and Volume IV concentrates on sociolinguistics and the allied fields of anthropological linguistics and discourse and conversation analysis. Several of the chapters in the work concentrate on the interface between different aspects of linguistic theory or the boundaries between linguistic theory and other disciplines. Thus in both its scope and in its approach the Survey is a unique and fundamental work of reference. It undoubtedly fulfils the editor's principal aim of providing a wealth of information, insight and ideas that will excite and challenge all readers with an interest in linguistics.

Chapter

1 Extensions and implications of linguistic theory: an overview

2 Grammar and language processing

2.1. Grammars

2.2. Autonomy vs. interaction

2.3. Modularity

2.4. The architecture of the language processing system

2.5. Summary and conclusions

3 Grammatical principles of first language acquisition: theory and evidence

3.0. Introduction

3.1. A problem for acquisition theory and a solution

3.1.1. Non-occurring errors among children; non-occurringstructures in human language

3.1.2. A modular solution to the problem

3.2. Background concepts for substantive theories

3.2.1. The subset principle

3.2.2. Optional subject languages

3.3. Universal grammar and growth

3.3.1. C-command and its effects

3.3.2. Blocked forward coreference

3.4. Parametric interactions

3.4.1. Subjacency and control

3.5. The future

4 Second language acquisition and grammatical theory

4.0. Introduction

4.1. Universal grammar and L2 acquisition

4.2. L2 Acquisition findings

4.3. Conclusions and discussion

5 Brain structures and linguistic capacity

5.0. Introduction

5.1. Gross anatomy and linguistic capacity: aphasia

5.2. Anatomical asymmetries and linguistic capacity

5.3. Variation in cortical structure

5.3.1. Qualitative variation in cortical structure

5.3.2. Quantitative variation in cortical structure

5.3.3. Age-dependent variation in the substrate of linguistic capacity

5.4. Brain systems and linguistic capacity

6 Abnormal language acquisition and the modularity of language

6.0. Introduction

6.1. Selectively impaired grammar acquisition

6.1.1. Grammar acquisition beyond the typical age

6.1.2. Cases of early neurological damage to the 'language zones'

6.1.3. Language acquisition in cases involving less clear-cut etiology

6.2. Selectively intact grammar acquisition

6.4. Discussion

7 Grammatical aspects of speech errors

7.1. Historical background

7.2. Speech errors and linguistic theory

7.3. Competence vs. performance

7.4. Phonological errors

7.4.1. Features

7.4.2. The abstractness of phonemic segments

7.4.3. Suprasegmentals, autosegmentals, and CV phonology

7.5. Morphology

7.6. Lexical errors and semantics

7.7. Syntax

7.8. Conclusion

8 Grammar and conversational principles*

8.1. Preliminaries: truth-conditional semantics and the semantics-pragmaticsdistinction

8.2. Problems for truth-conditional semantics

8.2.1. Anaphora

8.2.2. The presupposition projection problem

8.2.3. Quantifier-pronominal binding

8.2.4. The contribution of implicatures to truth conditions

8.3. Relevance theory

8.3.1. A relevance theory account of anaphora

8.3.2. Anaphora and quantifier binding

8.3.3. Presupposition projection

8.3.4. Pragmatic principles and truth conditions

8.4. The semantics-pragmatics boundary redrawn

9 Discourse analysis: a part of the study of linguistic competence

9.1. Terminological preliminarie

9.2. Origin of the term 'discourse analysis'

9.3. Generative discourse analysis as a direct descendant

9.4. Discourse analysis and linguistic competence

9.5. Arbitrariness and language specificity

9.5.1. Arbitrariness and language specificity: discourse and syntax

9.5.2. Arbitrariness and language specificity: discourse and reference

9.6. The subtlety of discourse competence

9.6.1. Topicalization

9.6.2. VP-preposin

9.6.3. Gapping

9.6.4. Comparison

9.7. Conclusion

10 Speech act distinctions in grammar

10.1. Meaning, form, and function

10.1.1. Locutions, illocutions, and perlocutions

10.1.2. Sentence t

10.1.3. Performative sentences

10.1.4. Conventionality

10.2. Grammatical theories of illocutionary force

10.2.1. Searle's theory of speech acts

10.2.2. The treatment of performative sentences

10.2.3. The performative hypothesis

10.3. Syntax, semantics, and pragmatics

10.3.1. Illocutionary act potential

10.3.2. Indirect speech acts

10.3.3. The apparent failure of the performative hypothesis

10.3.4. Pragmatic accounts of illocutionary force

10.3.5. Formal reflexes of intended force

10.3.6. The treatment of conventionalized indirection

11 Computer applications of linguistic theory

11.1. Fact and fiction

11.2. The leap from linguistic theory to programs

11.3. Computational linguistics

11.4. Parsi

11.5. Semantics and natural language understanding

11.6. Text-to-speech conversion (speech synthesis)

11.7. Speech recognition

11.8. Machine translati

11.9. Conclusion

12 Metrics and phonological theory

12.1. Background

12.2. Phonemic representation

12.3. Phonological derivations

12.4. Hierarchical structure in phonology

12.4.1. Syllable structure

12.4.2. Metrical stress theory

12.4.3. Phonological phrasing: theprosodic hierarchy

12.5. Rhythmic hierarchies

12.6. Conclusion: the content of universal metrics

13 Grammatical theory and signed languages

13.0. Introduction

13.1. Structure of signed languages

13.1.1. Phonology

13.1.2. Morphology

13.2. The phonological representation

13.2.1. The structure of the sign

13.2.2. Morphology

13.3. The role of space in signed languages

13.4. Summary

14 The linguistic status of Creole languages: two perspectives

14.1. Creole languages and the bioprogram

14.1.1. The historical context of Creole languages

14.1.2. The lexical learning hypothesis

14.1.3. Loss, retention, and reconstitution

14.1.4. Conclusions

14.11. Are Creoles a special type of language?

14.II.0. Introduction

14.11.1. How similar are the Creole languages?

14.II.2. Are Creole grammars simple?

14.II.3. Are creole grammars mixed systems?

14.III A dialog concerning the linguistic status of Creole languages

Subject index

Name index

Contents of Volumes I, III, and IV

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