Ocean Acoustic Tomography ( Cambridge Monographs on Mechanics )

Publication series :Cambridge Monographs on Mechanics

Author: Walter Munk; Peter Worcester; Carl Wunsch  

Publisher: Cambridge University Press‎

Publication year: 2009

E-ISBN: 9780511886218

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780521115360

Subject: P733.2 ocean acoustics

Keyword: 应用数学

Language: ENG

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Ocean Acoustic Tomography

Description

The problem of ocean acoustic tomography is to infer from precise measurements of travel time, or other properties of acoustic propagation, the state of the ocean traversed by a sound field. Tomography takes advantage of two facts: that travel time and other measurable acoustic parameters are functions of temperature, water velocity, and other parameters of oceanographic interest, and can be interpreted to provide information about the intervening ocean using inverse methods; and that the ocean is virtually transparent to low-frequency sound, so that signals can be transmitted over distances of many thousands of kilometres. It is therefore possible to prepare a practical system of transmitters and receivers to interpret the behaviour of the oceans. This book gives a comprehensive presentation of the underlying oceanography and mathematics necessary to understand and develop such a system. It covers the forward and inverse tomography problem, as well as numerous models for data interpretation. Also included is an epilogue outlining the history of tomographic techniques. It should prove a valuable resource to oceanographers and climatologists, as well as applied mathematicians and engineers interested in applications of fluid mechanics tools.

Chapter

2.1. The Ocean Sound Channel

2.2. Sound-Speed

RAY REPRESENTATION

2.3. Ray Theory

2.4. Ray Diagram

2.5. Action Variable

2.6. Structure of Ray Arrivals

2.7. Ray Weighting

2.8. Ray Perturbations

2.9. Parametric and Functional Perturbation

MODE REPRESENTATION

2.10. Modes

2.11. WKBJ Approximation: Ray/Mode Equivalence

2.12. Modal r, z-display

2.13. Ambiguity Relations

2.14. Modal Perturbations

2.15. Perturbation Models

OBSERVATIONS

2.16. Observations

APPENDIX

2.17. Polar (Adiabatic) Profile

2.18. Temperate (Canonical) Profile

3. CURRENTS

3.1. Ray Theory in an Inhomogeneous Moving Medium

3.2. Travel-Time Perturbations

3.3. Geostrophic Flow

3.4. Circulation, Vorticity, and Divergence

3.5. Nonreciprocity

3.6. Reciprocal-Transmission Experiments

4. THE FORWARD PROBLEM: RANGE-DEPENDENT

4.1. Adiabatic Range Dependence

4.2. Loop Resonance

4.3. Mesoscale Variability

4.4. Internal Waves

4.5. Ray Chaos

4.6. Modes in a Range-Dependent Profile

4.7. Horizontal Refraction

5. OBSERVATIONAL METHODS

5.1. The Sonar Equation

5.2. Pulse Compression

5.3. Travel Time

5.4. Vertical Arrival Angle

5.5. Doppler

5.6. Timekeeping

5.7. Positioning

5.8. Data Treatment

APPENDIX

5.9. Binary m-sequences

6. THE INVERSE PROBLEM: DATA-ORIENTED

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Representation

6.3. Least-Squares

6.4. Singular-Value Solution and Decomposition

6.5. Gauss-Markov Estimation

6.6. Variant Linear Methods

6.7. Recursive Solutions

6.8. Nonlinear Problems and Methods

6.9. Inversions in Practice

6.10. Summary Comments

7. THE INVERSE PROBLEM: MODEL-ORIENTED

7.1. Introduction: The Use of Models

7.2. State Estimation and Model Identification

7.3. State Estimation: Practice

7.4. Extensions: Control, Identification, and Adaptive Methods

8. THE BASIN SCALE

8.1. Climate Variability

8.2. Some Experimental Considerations

8.3. A Brief Historical Review

8.4. Low-Frequency Propagation at Very Long Ranges

8.5. Refracted Geodesies

8.6. Spheroidal Caustics

8.7. Mode Stripping and Repopulation

8.8. Basin Reverberation

8.9. The Future of Basin-Scale Tomography

EPILOGUE. THE SCIENCE OF OCEAN ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY

APPENDIX

A: A Personal Chronicle

B: Ocean Acoustic Propagation Atlas

References

Index of Authors & Subjects

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