Geological Belts, Plate Boundaries, and Mineral Deposits in Myanmar

Author: Mitchell   Andrew  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780128033838

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128033821

Subject: X Environmental Science, Safety Science

Keyword: 环境科学、安全科学

Language: ENG

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Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.

Description

Geological Belts, Plate Boundaries and Mineral Deposits in Myanmar arms readers with a comprehensive overview of the geography, geology, mineral potential and tectonic plate activity of Myanmar. The book focuses on the nature and history of the structural belts and terranes of Myanmar, with particular emphasis on the mineral deposits and their relationship to stratigraphy and structure. The country has a long history of plate tectonic activity, and the most recent plate movements relate to the northward movement of the India plate as it collides with Asia. Both of these are responsible for the earthquakes which frequently occur, making the country a geologically dynamic region. Additionally, Myanmar is rich in mineral and petroleum potential and the site of some of Southeast Asia’s largest faults. However, many geoscientists are only recently becoming familiar with Myanmar due to previous political issues. Some of these barriers have been removed and there is emerging international interest in the geology and mineral deposits of Myanmar. This book collates this essential information in one complete resource. Geological Belts, Plate Boundaries and Mineral Deposits in Myanmar is an essential reference for economic geologists, mineralogists, petroleum geologists, and seismologists, as well as geoscience instructors and students taking related coursework.

  • Provides an accessible history of the geological research and mineral exploration and extraction c

Chapter

1

4. EVOLUTION OF GEOLOGICAL MAPPING AND MINERAL EXPLORATION

5. MINERAL DEPOSITS AND PRODUCTION

6. ORGANIZATION OF CONTENTS

7. GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES AND GEOLOGICAL TERMS

REFERENCES

2 - Myanmar East ofthe Sagaing Fault

2 - The Shan Plateau West of the Salween

1. THE PLATEAU AND ITS BOUNDARIES

2. STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS AND GRANITES

2.1 LATE PROTEROZOIC CHAUNG MAGYI GROUP AND THE TAWNGPENG GRANITE

2.1.1 Distribution and Lithology of the Chaung Magyi

2.1.2 Age of Chaung Magyi and Tawngpeng Granite

2.2 CAMBRIAN TO DEVONIAN, NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF THE SHAN PLATEAU

2.2.1 Bawdwin Volcanic Formation

2.2.2 Pangyun Formation

2.2.3 Ordovician to Devonian

2.3 CAMBRIAN TO DEVONIAN, PWIN-OO-LWIN, MANDALAY DIVISION

2.4 CAMBRIAN TO DEVONIAN OF THE SOUTHERN SHAN STATE

2.5 THE CARBONIFEROUS TAUNGNYO GROUP ON THE SHAN PLATEAU

2.5.1 Linwe and Loikaw Areas, Shan Plateau

2.5.2 Ngayan Chaung turbidites, Lebyin

2.5.3 Taungnyo Group Equivalents in Yunnan

2.6 EARLY PERMIAN MAGIYE CONGLOMERATE, SPINOMARTINIA PROLIFICA SHALE, AND YINYAW FORMATION

2.6.1 Magiye Conglomerate and Spinomartinia prolifica Shale, Kyaukse East

2.6.2 Spinomartinia prolifica Shale at Lebyin

2.6.3 Yinyaw Beds, Loikaw West

2.6.4 The Lower Permian in West Yunnan

2.6.5 Late Paleozoic Unconformities and Glacial Diamictites

2.7 PLATEAU LIMESTONE GROUP

2.7.1 Evolving Ideas on Plateau Limestone Stratigraphy

2.7.2 Thitsipin and Moulmein Limestone

2.7.3 Nwabangyi Dolomite

2.7.4 Natteik Limestone

2.8 UPPERMOST TRIASSIC TO CRETACEOUS, SOUTHERN SHAN STATE

2.8.1 Shweminbon Formation and Pinmon East Limestone

2.8.2 Loi-an Formation and Equivalents

2.8.3 Emplacement of the Shweminbon and Loi-an Formations

2.8.4 Patchaung Volcanics

2.8.5 Pinnacle Limestone

2.8.6 Kalaw Red Beds

2.8.7 Late Cenozoic Sediments

2.9 UPPERMOST TRIASSIC TO CRETACEOUS, NORTHERN SHAN STATE

2.9.1 Pangno Evaporites

2.9.2 Napeng Formation

2.9.3 Tati Limestone and Emplacement of Flysch and Ophiolite

2.9.4 Hsipaw Red Beds

3. SELECTED STRUCTURAL FEATURES ON THE SHAN PLATEAU

4. MINERAL DEPOSITS ON THE SHAN PLATEAU

4.1 QUARTZ–GOLD VEINS IN THE CHAUNG MAGYI GROUP

4.2 LEAD–ZINC–SILVER DEPOSITS ASSOCIATED WITH CAMBRIAN ROCKS

4.2.1 Bawdwin Lead–Zinc–Silver Mine, Northern Shan State

4.2.2 Lead–Silver Mineralization at Yadanatheingi, Northern Shan State

4.3 CARBONATE-HOSTED LEAD–ZINC AND BARITE MINERALIZATION

4.3.1 The Ordovician Lead Belt

4.3.2 The LonghKeng Zinc (Smithsonite) Deposit

4.4 SABETAUNG COPPER PROSPECT

4.5 SEDIMENTARY IRONSTONE DEPOSITS

4.5.1 Kya-Twinye Ironstone

4.5.2 Paung Pet Iron Deposit

4.6 THAYETCHAUNG GOLD–COPPER SKARNS, KONNI GOLD MINERALIZATION, AND YE-BU MAGNETIC ANOMALY

4.6.1 Thayetchaung Skarn Mineralization

4.6.2 Konni Gold Prospects

4.6.3 Ye-bu Magnetic Anomaly

4.7 ANTIMONY DEPOSITS AND OCCURRENCES

4.8 GEMSTONE DEPOSITS

4.8.1 Mong Hsu

4.8.2 Wan Ying and Wan Hatt

4.8.3 Genesis of the Ruby

REFERENCES

3 - Myanmar East of the Salween: The Sibumasu–Mong Yawng Arc Collision and Related Tin Mineralization

1. EARLY IDEAS ON A TRIASSIC COLLISION

2. THE INTHANON SUTURE ZONE AND RELATED MAGMATIC ARC IN THAILAND AND YUNNAN

3. POSITION OF THE INTHANON SUTURE ZONE IN MYANMAR

3.1 WESTERN MARGIN OF THE SUTURE ZONE IN MYANMAR

3.2 EASTERN MARGIN OF THE SUTURE ZONE IN MYANMAR

4. EASTERN LIMIT OF THE SUKHOTHAI (MONG YAWNG) ARC IN MYANMAR

5. LATE TRIASSIC TIN GRANITES IN NORTHERN THAILAND AND YUNNAN EAST OF THE SALWEEN

6. TIN GRANITES AND ASSOCIATED DEPOSITS IN EASTERN MYANMAR

6.1 DISTRIBUTION

6.2 ZIRCON U–PB AGES (TABLE 3.2) AND HF ISOTOPE VALUES IN THE EASTERN MYANMAR GRANITES AND THEIR TECTONIC SETTING

6.3 MONG YAWNG ARC BASEMENT AND GENERATION OF ITS GRANITES

6.4 TIN PRODUCTION FROM MAN MAKHSAN

7. MANGANESE AND GOLD

7.1 MANGANESE

7.2 GOLD

REFERENCES

4 - The Mergui Group and Equivalents in the Slate Belt, Phayaungtaung and the Gaoligong Range (Northeastern Myanmar)

1. THE SLATE BELT, THE MERGUI GROUP, AND THE KAREN–TENASSERIM UNIT

2. MERGUI AND TAUNGNYO GROUPS IN THE SLATE BELT

2.1 DISTRIBUTION, LITHOLOGY, AND AGE CONSTRAINTS

2.2 STRATIGRAPHY AND BOUNDARIES OF THE MERGUI GROUP

2.2.1 Kandaw to Ye-bu (20°42′N) Segment

2.2.2 Ye-bu and Lebyin to Nattaung East (20°20′N), the Bon Schist and Formations Within the Mergui Group

2.2.3 Nattaung East to Padatgyaung Segment

2.2.4 Padatgyaung Through Mawchi to the Kyaikhtiyo Granite

2.2.5 Taungnyo and Zwekabin Ranges, Moulmein

2.2.6 Zwekabin Range East to Hpa-An

2.2.7 Three Pagodas Fault to Kawthaung and Than Island

2.3 INTERNAL STRUCTURE OF THE SLATE BELT

2.4 DEPOSITION AND EMPLACEMENT OF THE MERGUI GROUP

2.5 FORMATIONS OVERLYING THE MERGUI GROUP IN THE SLATE BELT

2.5.1 Possible Equivalents of the Moulmein Limestone

2.5.2 Red Sandstones of the Mergui Archipelago

2.5.3 Tertiary Clastic Sediments

2.6 POSSIBLE ALLOCTHONOUS ROCKS WITHIN THE MERGUI GROUP

2.7 DETRITAL ZIRCONS IN THE MERGUI GROUP AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE SHAN PLATEAU

3. THE MERGUI GROUP IN THE PHAYAUNGTAUNG AREA

4. THE MERGUI GROUP IN THE GAOLIGONG RANGE, NORTHEASTERN KACHIN STATE

5. THE MERGUI GROUP AND THE CHAUNG MAGYI

REFERENCES

5 - Paung Laung–Mawchi Zone

1. MAIN FEATURES OF THE ZONE

2. STRATIGRAPHY OF ZONE SEGMENTS

2.1 ZAWGYI CHAUNG (21°30′N) TO YE-BU (20°42′N)

2.1.1 Kyaukhsu Taung Formation

2.1.2 Patchaung Volcanics

2.1.3 Pyinyaung Formation

2.1.4 Railway Marl Formation

2.1.5 Minbon Limestone

2.1.6 Upper Cretaceous Pelecypods Near Kinta Dam

2.2 YE-BU TO NAM MEIN CHAUNG (20°16′N) AND THE NGAYAN CHAUNG ANTICLINE

2.2.1 Ngayan Chaung Anticline and Adjacent Plateau Margin

2.2.2 Law Chaung Conglomerates and Nanpalan Olivine Basalts

2.2.3 Pettalet Chaung Conglomerates

2.2.4 Kalaw Red Beds

2.2.5 Southernmost Part of the Segment

2.3 NAM MEIN CHAUNG TO LONLIN–LEINLI CHAUNGS (20°00′N)

2.4 LONLIN CHAUNG TO THE MAWCHI MINE

3. MINOR INTRUSIONS WITHIN THE ZONE

4. MARGINS OF THE PAUNG LAUNG–MAWCHI ZONE

4.1 ZONE MARGINS NORTH OF LEBYIN

4.2 ZONE MARGINS SOUTH OF LEBYIN

5. REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE PAUNG LAUNG–MAWCHI ZONE

5.1 PREVIOUS INTERPRETATIONS

5.2 POSSIBLE MID-MESOZOIC RECONSTRUCTIONS AND PREFERRED INTERPRETATION

5.2.1 Karen–Tenasserim Unit on Overriding or Western Plate

5.2.2 Mogok Metamorphic Belt on Overriding Western Plate

5.2.3 Ophiolite Slab on Overriding Western Plate

5.2.4 Preferred Interpretation: Mergui Group on Overriding Western Plate

5.3 RELATED STRUCTURES WITHIN THE ZONE

6. THE PAUNG LAUNG–MAWCHI ZONE EQUIVALENT NORTHEAST OF SEDAWGYI

7. MINERALIZATION IN THE PAUNG LAUNG–MAWCHI ZONE

7.1 LEBYIN AND YETAYAUK ANTIMONY DEPOSITS

7.2 QUARTZ–GALENA AND GALENA–BARITE VEINS IN JURASSIC ROCKS, PAN LAUNG VALLEY

REFERENCES

6 - Granites, Minor Intrusions, and Mineralization in the Slate Belt, Phayaungtaung, and Gaoligong Range

1. GRANITES AND MINOR INTRUSIONS IN THE SLATE BELT

1.1 SLATE BELT GRANITES AS PART OF THE WESTERN GRANITE PROVINCE

1.2 PERALUMINOUS, REDUCED, FELSIC I-TYPE, OR A-TYPE GRANITES

1.2.1 Composition and Texture

1.2.2 Age of the Reduced Granites

1.3 I-TYPE AND MAGNETITE-SERIES GRANITES

1.4 HORNFELS AUREOLES

1.5 MINOR INTRUSIONS IN THE SLATE BELT

2. TIN AND TUNGSTEN MINERALIZATION IN THE SLATE BELT

2.1 PRODUCTION OF TIN, TUNGSTEN, AND TANTALUM

2.2 TYPES AND STYLES OF MINERALIZATION

2.3 MINERAL DISTRICTS, MINES, AND PRODUCTION

2.3.1 Nyaunggyat District

2.3.2 Yamethin District

2.3.3 Mawchi Mine, Kayah State

2.3.4 Thaton-Moulmein (Amherst) District

2.3.5 Dawei (Tavoy) District

2.3.6 Mergui District

3. GRANITES AND TIN MINERALIZATION IN THE GAOLIGONG RANGE MYANMAR AND THE TENGCHONG REGION OF YUNNAN

4. TECTONIC SETTING DURING GRANITE GENERATION AND MINERALIZATION

5. OROGENIC GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE SLATE BELT, PHAYAUNTAUNG, AND THE GAOLIGONG RANGE

5.1 LODE AND ALLUVIAL GOLD IN THE SLATE BELT

5.2 QUARTZ-GOLD VEINS AT PHAYAUNGTAUNG

5.3 QUARTZ-GOLD VEINS IN THE GAOLIGONG RANGE

5.4 TECTONIC SETTINGS DURING OROGENIC GOLD MINERALIZATION

6. OTHER MINERALIZATION IN THE SLATE BELT

6.1 ANTIMONY (STIBNITE ORE)

6.2 I-TYPE GRANITIC INTRUSIONS AND ASSOCIATED COPPER MINERALIZATION

REFERENCES

7 - Mogok Metamorphic Belt

1. DISTRIBUTION OF THE METAMORPHIC BELT

2. MOGOK SEGMENT, 96°15′E TO KACHIN STATE BORDER

3. NORTHERN SEGMENT, EASTERN KACHIN STATE

3.1 KACHIN STATE BORDER TO 27°N

3.2 FROM 27°N TO NORTHERNMOST MYANMAR

4. CENTRAL SEGMENT: WAPYUDAUNG TO ZAWGYI RIVER (KYAUKSE SOUTH)

4.1 WAPYUDAUNG TO SEDAWGYI

4.2 SEDAWGYI THROUGH MANDALAY TO THE ZAWGYI RIVER

5. SHAN SCARPS FROM THE ZAWGYI RIVER TO MOKPALIN

5.1 ZAWGYI RIVER TO PAYANGAZU AND YEBOKSON GRANODIORITE

5.2 PAYANGAZU TO NATTAUNG QUARRY

5.3 TATKON THROUGH NANCHO CHAUNG TO MOKPALIN-KYAIKHTIYO

6. TANINTHARI COAST, THATON TO MERGUI

7. SELECTED FEATURES OF THE MOGOK METAMORPHIC BELT

7.1 NORTH–SOUTH CONTINUITY OF THE BELT

7.2 EASTERN BOUNDARY IN THE SHAN SCARPS: THE SAKHANYA TAUNG FAULT

7.3 EXTENSIONAL FAULTS WITHIN OR BESIDE THE MOGOK BELT

8. METAMORPHIC AGES IN THE MOGOK BELT

8.1 AGES FROM STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION AND CONSTRAINTS FROM CROSS-CUTTING GRANITES

8.2 ISOTOPIC AGES AND TERTIARY METAMORPHIC EVENTS

9. THE MOGOK METAMORPHIC BELT AND THE MERGUI GROUP

10. GEMSTONES IN THE MOGOK METAMORPHIC BELT

10.1 THE MOGOK GEM FIELDS: RUBY AND SAPPHIRE

10.1.1 Early Ideas on Gemstone Origin

10.1.2 Current Views

10.1.3 Other Gemstones in the Mogok Area

10.2 PYENLONG (PYINLON) RUBY

10.3 PUTAO RUBY, MALI HKA SPINEL, AND BERYL

11. GOLD MINERALIZATION IN THE MOGOK METAMORPHIC BELT

11.1 THE SHANTE GOLD DISTRICT

11.1.1 Myole-Thayetsu Subdistrict

11.1.2 Kwinthoneze Subdistrict

11.1.3 Nature and Age of the Gold Mineralization

11.2 THE THAYETKON QUARTZ-GOLD VEINS, PYINMANA EAST

11.3 GOLD MINERALIZATION IN NORTHEASTERN KACHIN STATE

12. LEAD-ZINC-SILVER AND TIN OCCURRENCES

12.1 PB-AG MINERALIZATION WEST OF THE NMAI HKA, NORTHEASTERN KACHIN STATE

12.2 PAUNGDAW PB-ZN-AG PROSPECT

12.3 TIN OCCURRENCES IN THE NANCHO CHAUNG AREA

13. RUBY FORMATION, GOLD MINERALIZATION, AND UPLIFT OF THE BELT

REFERENCES

8 - Tagaung–Myitkyina Belt and Katha–Gangaw Range

1. TAGAUNG–MYITKYINA BELT

1.1 TAGAUNG TAUNG TO SHWELI RIVER

1.2 SHWELI RIVER TO SECOND DEFILE OF THE AYEYAWADDY

1.3 SECOND DEFILE TO FIRST DEFILE AND MYITKYINA

1.4 MYITKYINA TO MYITSONE

1.5 MYITSONE TO PUTAO AND THE INDIAN BORDER

1.6 THE NGAPYAWDAW CHAUNG FORMATION AS A STRATIGRAPHIC UNIT

2. KATHA–GANGAW RANGE

3. MINERAL DEPOSITS AND PROSPECTS IN THE TAGAUNG–MYITKYINA BELT

3.1 CHROMITE AND NICKEL SILICATES AT TAGAUNG TAUNG

3.2 COPPER SULFIDES AT NANKESAN

3.3 QUARTZ–GOLD VEINS AT SET GA DOUN

3.4 THE PALADOKHTA–SUBOK TAUNG COPPER SKARN DISTRICT

3.5 MESOTHERMAL (AND EPITHERMAL?) QUARTZ–GOLD VEINS NEAR THE SECOND DEFILE AND AT PYAE PYAT

4. TECTONIC EVENTS IN THE TAGAUNG–MYITKYINA BELT

4.1 EASTWARD OBDUCTION OF OPHIOLITE ON TO SUNDALAND

4.2 REVERSAL IN OROGENIC POLARITY AND GENERATION OF ARC ROCKS IN THE TAGAUNG–MYITKYINA BELT

4.3 PROJECTED CONTINUATION OF THE TAGAUNG–MYITKYINA BELT

REFERENCES

3 - Myanmar West ofthe Sagaing Fault

9 - Popa–Loimye Magmatic Arc

1. DEFINITION AND ARC SEGMENTS

2. KAWT-A-BUM–TATLET–MT LOIMYE ARC SEGMENT

2.1 KAWT-A-BUM VOLCANIC ROCKS AND GOLD MINERALIZATION

2.2 MOUNT LOIMYE STRATOVOLCANO

2.3 TATLET GOLD-WORKING SITE

2.4 ALLUVIAL PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENTS SOUTHWEST OF INDAWGYI LAKE

3. WUNTHO–BANMAUK SEGMENT

3.1 LOCATION AND PREVIOUS WORK

3.2 PREBATHOLITH STRATIGRAPHY

3.2.1 Hpyu Taung Metamorphics, Banmauk Area

3.2.2 Shwedaung Formation

3.2.3 Mawgyi Volcanics

3.2.4 Mawlin Formation

3.2.5 Age of the Mawgyi, Mawlin Formations, and Andesitic Minor Intrusions

3.2.6 Maingthon Dacite

3.2.7 Namakauk Limestone and Nankholon Formation

3.3 THE KANZACHAUNG BATHOLITH AND PINHINGA PLUTONIC COMPLEX

3.4 ISOTOPIC AGES OF THE BATHOLITH AND PRE-TERTIARY MINOR INTRUSIONS

3.5 POSTBATHOLITH STRATIGRAPHY

3.5.1 Ketpanda Formation

3.5.2 Wabo Chaung Formation

3.5.3 Auk Thitaya Trachyte

3.5.4 Kangon and Ketpanda Formations

3.5.5 Gwegon and Sunbauk Taung Formations

3.5.6 Sedimentary Rocks on the Batholith

3.6 MINERAL DEPOSITS AND PROSPECTS

3.6.1 Exploration History

3.6.2 Copper and Copper–Gold in Porphyry-Related Systems

3.6.2.1 Shangalon Sheeted Quartz–Chalcopyrite Veins

3.6.2.2 Ponkham–Kyaukpon (Partun) Lithocap

3.6.2.3 Other Copper Occurrences

3.6.3 Volcanic Hosted Low Sulfidation Epithermal Gold Mineralization

3.6.3.1 Shwedaung–Wuntho Gold District

3.6.3.2 Naungpat, Le-u, and Mansigale East Prospects

3.6.4 Sediment-Hosted Epithermal Gold Prospects

3.6.5 Taung Bo Ni and Maharsan Volcanogenic Massive Sulfide Prospects

3.6.6 Other Gold–Copper Prospects and Occurrences

4. MONYWA–SALINGYI AND SHINMATAUNG SEGMENT

4.1 LOCATION

4.2 GEOLOGY OF MONYWA–SALINGYI UPLIFT

4.3 GEOLOGY OF SHINMATAUNG RANGE

4.3.1 Pillow Basalt Lavas and Ingintaung Formation Conglomerate

4.3.2 Shinmataung and Sintaga Formations and Pyroclastics

4.4 ISOTOPIC AGES AT MONYWA–SALINGYI

4.5 ASYMMETRY OF THE UPLIFT

4.6 THE MONYWA COPPER DEPOSITS

4.6.1 Location and Mining History

4.6.2 Hydrothermal Alteration and Mineralization

4.6.3 Supergene Leaching and Copper Enrichment

4.7 EPITHERMAL QUARTZ–GOLD VEIN PROSPECTS AT MONYWA

5. MOUNT POPA SEGMENT

5.1 STRATIGRAPHY AT MT POPA

5.2 HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION

5.3 EPITHERMAL GOLD MINERALIZATION AT MYEZE TAUNG, PEGU YOMA

6. BURIED MAGMATIC ARC BENEATH THE AYEYAWADDY DELTA

7. AGE AND DURATION OF SUBDUCTION-RELATED MAGMATISM

8. ARC BASEMENT

9. CONTINUATION OF THE ARC BEYOND KAWT-A-BUM

REFERENCES

10 - Central Burma Depression and Its Petroleum Occurrences

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY

1.2 OUTLINE OF THE STRATIGRAPHY

1.3 PALEOGEOGRAPHY

2. BASINS OF THE FORE-ARC DOMAIN

2.1 HUKAWNG BASIN

2.2 CHINDWIN BASIN

2.3 SALIN BASIN

2.4 PYAY BASIN

2.5 AYEYARWADY DELTA

REFERENCES

11 - The Indo-Burman Ranges and the Arakan Coastal Lowland

1. INTRODUCTION

2. EASTERN BELT OF THE INDO-BURMAN RANGES

2.1 KANPETLET SCHIST AND PROBABLE EQUIVALENT METAMORPHIC ROCKS

2.2 UPPER TRIASSIC PANE CHAUNG GROUP

2.3 ULTRAMAFIC AND ASSOCIATED METAMORPHIC ROCKS

2.4 BASALTS AND CHERTS AT EASTERN MARGIN OF CHIN HILLS AND ARAKAN YOMA

2.5 MAFIC DYKES, HORNBLENDE PEGMATITES, AND ISOTOPIC AGES

2.6 PAUNG CHAUNG LIMESTONE AND SERPENTINITE SHEETS, WESTERN OUTCROPS

2.7 KABAW FORMATION AND THE KABAW FAULT, “WESTERN OUTCROPS”

3. WESTERN BELT OF THE INDO-BURMAN RANGES

3.1 WESTERN BELT IN THE CHIN HILLS AND NORTHERN ARAKAN YOMA

3.2 WESTERN BELT IN THE NAGA HILLS AND THE SOUTHERN ARAKAN YOMA

4. THE SIN CHAUNG ZONE OF EXOTICS AND GLOBOTRUNCANA LIMESTONE IN THE EASTERN BELT

5. THE ARAKAN COASTAL LOWLAND

6. EVOLUTION OF THE INDO-BURMAN RANGES, ARAKAN COASTAL BELT, AND CRETACEOUS ROCKS OF THE FORE-ARC BASIN

6.1 THE INDO-BURMAN RANGES AS AN IMBRICATE WEDGE AND CORRELATION WITH INDUS-YARLUNG SUTURE ZONE

6.2 TRIASSIC FLYSCH DEPOSITION ON THE MT VICTORIA (ARGO) LAND PASSIVE MARGIN AND WEST-VERGENT OROGENY

6.3 TRIASSIC FLYSCH DEPOSITION ON THE PASSIVE MYANMAR MARGIN AND EAST-VERGENT OROGENY

6.4 WEST-VERGENT NAPPE STACKING ON PASSIVE GONDWANA MARGIN, ARC REVERSAL, RIFTING, AND EMPLACEMENT ON THE MYANMAR PASSIVE MARGIN

6.5 DISCUSSION

6.6 PREFERRED INTERPRETATION

7. THE INDO-BURMAN RANGES AND THE TAGAUNG–MYITKYINA BELT

8. LATERITIC NICKEL, CHROMITE, AND COPPER PROSPECTS IN THE INDO-BURMAN RANGES

8.1 THE MWEDAUNG LATERITIC NICKEL PROSPECT, NORTHERN CHIN HILLS

8.2 WEBULA TAUNG CHROMITE OCCURRENCES AND COPPER–NICKEL ANOMALIES

8.3 COPPER PROSPECTS IN THE ARAKAN AND SOUTHERN CHIN FOOTHILLS

REFERENCES

12 - Exploration History and Petroleum Geology of Offshore Myanmar

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 OVERVIEW

1.1.1 Moattama

1.1.2 Tanintharyi

1.1.3 Rakhine

1.2 TECTONIC SETTING

1.3 OFFSHORE HYDROCARBON RESOURCE DISTRIBUTION AND SIZE

2. MYANMAR EXPLORATION HISTORY

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND: ONSHORE

2.2 EARLY OFFSHORE EXPLORATION

2.3 EXPLORATION METRICS

3. RAKHINE REGION

3.1 GEOLOGICAL SETTING

3.2 EXPLORATION HISTORY

3.3 PETROLEUM OCCURRENCES AND PLAYS

3.4 KEY GEOLOGICAL RISKS

4. MOATTAMA REGION

4.1 GEOLOGICAL SETTING

4.2 EXPLORATION HISTORY

4.3 PROVEN PETROLEUM PLAYS

4.4 KEY GEOLOGICAL RISKS

5. TANINTHARYI REGION

5.1 GEOLOGICAL SETTING

5.2 EXPLORATION HISTORY

5.3 PROVEN PLAYS

5.4 KEY GEOLOGICAL RISKS

5.4.1 Tanintharyi Shelf

5.4.2 Tanintharyi Deep Water (MD4 to MD8 Blocks)

6. SUMMARY AND FUTURE POTENTIAL

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

13 - Hukawng Basin, the Amber Mines, and the Orbitolina Limestone

1. GEOLOGY OF THE BASIN

2. THE AMBER MINES

3. MID-CRETACEOUS ORBITOLINA LIMESTONES

REFERENCES

14 - Jade Mines–Loimaw Uplift

1. LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING

2. TANAI RIVER SECTION (26°N UPLIFT)

3. THE HPAKANT-TAWMAW, NAT HMAW, AND MAWLU-MAWHUN JADEITE AREAS

3.1 GEOLOGY OF THE HPAKANT-TAWMAW AREA

3.2 JADE TYPES AND JADEITE DEPOSITS AT HPAKANT-TAWMAW

3.3 GEOLOGY AND JADEITE AT NAT HMAW AND THE KHAMPTI AREA

3.4 THE MAWLU-MAWHUN AREA

3.5 FORMATION AND EMPLACEMENT OF THE PRIMARY JADEITE

3.6 AMBER MINES SOUTH OF NAM SI BON

4. INDAWGYI MAFIC COMPLEX AND PLATINUM GROUP ELEMENT OCCURRENCES

4.1 GEOLOGY AND MINERALIZATION

4.2 ORIGIN OF THE INDAWGYI GABBROS

5. THE KYAUKPAHTO MINE AND TAUNGZAW AND GEGALAW GOLD PROSPECTS

5.1 KYAUKPAHTO MINE

5.2 TAUNGZAW AND GEGALAW GOLD PROSPECTS

6. NANYASEIK RUBY FIELDS

7. LATERITIC IRON ORE OCCURRENCES

8. RELATIONSHIP OF THE UPLIFT TO OTHER BELTS

REFERENCES

15 - Kumon Range

1. LOCATION AND REGIONAL SETTING

2. GEOLOGY

3. ALLUVIAL GOLD WORKINGS

REFERENCES

4 - Myanmar Eastand West of theSagaing Fault

16 - Chaun Kan Gneiss and the India Collision Zone in Northwestern Myanmar

REFERENCES

17 - Popa–Loimye Arc, Correlations With Tibet, and Alluvial Diamonds in Myanmar

1. FORMER POSITION OF THE POPA–LOIMYE ARC RELATIVE TO MYANMAR EAST OF THE SAGAING FAULT

2. CONTINUATION OF THE POPA–LOIMYE ARC INTO TIBET

2.1 THE GANGDISE AND LOHIT BATHOLITHS

2.2 DETRITAL ZIRCONS IN THE CHINDWIN BASIN AND CORRELATION WITH TIBET

2.3 MIOCENE CORRELATIONS AND PORPHYRY COPPER SYSTEMS IN MYANMAR AND TIBET

3. CORRELATION OF UNCONFORMITIES IN THE SHAN SCARPS AND CENTRAL TIBET

4. ALLUVIAL DIAMONDS IN MYANMAR

4.1 DIAMONDS IN THE MOMEIK VALLEY, MOGOK BELT

4.2 DIAMONDS IN THE SHAN SCARPS, TANINTHARI, AND THE HUKAWNG VALLEY

4.3 SOURCE OF THE DIAMONDS

REFERENCES

18 - Myanmar Orogens and Flysch, Potential for Mineral Discoveries, and Shan Scarps and Jade Mines Cross Sections

1. ALPINE SUBDUCTION ANALOGY FOR MYANMAR OROGENIC BELTS

1.1 EAST-VERGENT OROGENS

1.2 WEST-VERGENT OROGENS

1.3 MINERALIZATION AND STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS WITHIN THE OROGENS

2. SOME AREAS OF MINERAL POTENTIAL IN MYANMAR

3. EXTENSIONAL FAULTS AND THE MERGUI GROUP

4. CROSS SECTION WEST OF THE JADE MINES UPLIFT

REFERENCE

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

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