Sustainable Cities and Communities Design Handbook :Green Engineering, Architecture, and Technology ( 2 )

Publication subTitle :Green Engineering, Architecture, and Technology

Publication series :2

Author: Clark   Woodrow W.  

Publisher: Elsevier Science‎

Publication year: 2017

E-ISBN: 9780128139653

P-ISBN(Paperback): 9780128139646

Subject: X-01 environmental protection policy and its stated

Keyword: 建筑科学,一般工业技术,工程材料学

Language: ENG

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Description

Sustainable Communities Design Handbook: Green Engineering, Architecture, and Technology, Second Edition, brings together the major players responsible for sustainable development at both community and metropolitan scales. The book aims to explain and demonstrate the practice, planning, design, building and managing of the engineering, architectural and economic development of cities and communities to meet sustainable development objectives. Offering a holistic approach to creating sustainable communities, the book includes a 40 percent increase in new methods and technology over the last edition, and 50 percent more case studies from around the world to illustrate how common sustainability problems are solved.

As the concept and practices of a sustainable built environment have evolved over the years, it is increasingly recognized that the scope should be expanded beyond individual buildings to the community scale. Written by an international team of engineers, architects, and environmental experts this second edition includes new HVAC technologies for heating and cooling, energy effect technologies for lighting, and new construction materials which improve heating and cooling efficiencies. This new edition will also include critical updates on international codes: LEED, BREEAM, and Green Globes.

  • Explains the most cutting-edge green technologies and methods for use in built communities
  • Provides a common approach in using natural resource

Chapter

2 - The Green Industrial Revolution

HOW COMMUNITIES AND NATIONS MOVE AHEAD

WHAT IS A RENEWABLE ENERGY POWER SOURCE?

DEREGULATION BENEFITS: MYTHS ABOUT ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY AS CONSERVATION IS NEEDED TOO

Better Investment Decisions

Politicized Priorities Excluded

THE ISSUE OF DEREGULATING AGILE ENERGY SYSTEMS

CONCLUSION: ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN AN AGILE ENERGY SYSTEM

APPENDIX A: THE DANISH CASE FOR THE GREEN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

APPENDIX B: E-MAIL SURVEILLANCE DATA ON ENRON

APPENDIX C: FROM CENTRAL POWER GRID TO LOCAL DISTRIBUTED POWER SYSTEMS

APPENDIX D: SMART GRID THAT INCLUDES LOCAL DISTRIBUTED POWER AND RENEWABLE ENERGY GENERATION

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

3 - Cross-Disciplinary Scientific Foundation for Sustainability: Qualitative Economics

THE PARADIGM SHIFT: ECONOMICS AS A SCIENCE

SUBJECTIVISM PARADIGM: LIFEWORLD PERSPECTIVE AND SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE

Phenomenology: The Tradition of the Lifeworld Perspective

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM: IN THE SUBJECTIVIST THEORETICAL PARADIGM

TRANSFORMATIONAL LINGUISTICS: ECONOMIC RULES OF FORMALISM IN BUSINESS PRACTICES

QUALITATIVE ECONOMICS: TOWARD A SCIENCE OF ECONOMICS

Organizing: Fitting Together of Lines of Activities and Actions

Organizing: Dynamism of the Firm

Intersubjectivity and the Organizational Approach

The Actors' Experiential Space: Organizational Lifeworld

Constituting of the Organizational Activities and of the “Firm”

The Actors’ Development Capability

Organizing and the Organizational Paradigm

Actor's Extension of the Experiential Space

SUMMARY

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

4 - Political–Economic Governance of Renewable Energy Systems: The Key to Create Sustainable Communities

CORPORATE AND BUSINESS INFLUENCES AND POWER

INTERNATIONAL CASES

CHINA LEAPFROGS AHEAD

CHINA HAS “LEAPFROGGED” INTO THE GREEN INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

THE WESTERN ECONOMIC PARADIGM MUST CHANGE

INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND

EU Policies

Japan and South Korea are Leaders in the Green Industrial Revolution

Distributed Renewable Energy Generation for Sustainable Communities

Developing World Leaders in Energy Development and Sustainable Technologies

Costs, Finances, and Return on Investment

CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS

CHART A: THE GERMANY FEED-IN-TARIFF POLICY AND RESULTS (1990–2010)

CHART B: THE GERMANY FEED-IN-TARIFF POLICY ECONOMIC RESULTS (1990–2007)

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

5 - Renewable Energy: Scaling Deployment in the United States and in Developing Economies

INTRODUCTION TO SOURCES AND USES OF ENERGY IN THE UNITED STATES

WIND

SOLAR

Solar Photovoltaics

Solar Thermal

GEOTHERMAL

BIOPOWER

MARINE AND HYDROKINETIC

ADVANCED RENEWABLES DEPLOYMENT

Renewables and Buildings

Vehicle-to-Grid Systems

Hybrid Systems

SUMMARY OF SCALING RENEWABLES IN THE UNITED STATES

THE ENERGY ACCESS GAP: REMOTE AND UNDER-GRID POPULATIONS NOT BEING REACHED

DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS: PIVOTAL TO UNIVERSAL ENERGY ACCESS

THE HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE MARKETS: TRENDS ACROSS HIGH-PERFORMING COUNTRIES

FROM THE BOTTOM UP: THE SIERRA LEONE SUCCESS STORY

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

6 - Development Partnership of Renewable Energies Technology and Smart Grid in China

INTRODUCTION

THE SOLAR ELECTRICITY SYSTEMS AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP WITH THE GRID

WIND POWER

DATA RESPONSE AND POWER TRANSMISSION LINES: EXAMPLES OF THE UNITED STATES

THE SMART GRID AND MARKET SOLUTION

CHINA REBUILDS A POWER SYSTEM AND SMART GRID

Merits of the Chinese-Style Smart Grid

Discussion on Chinese Cases, Investment, and Forecast

Historical Review and Attributes of the Third-Generation Grid

Light-Emitting Diode and Energy Efficiency Case Discussion

REFERENCES

7 - Sustainable Towns: The Case of Frederikshavn Aiming at 100% Renewable Energy

INTRODUCTION

DEFINITION OF RENEWABLE ENERGY

Definition of Project Area

Development Phases

THE PRESENT SITUATION: YEAR 2007, APPROXIMATELY 20% RENEWABLE ENERGY

THE FIRST STEP: FREDERIKSHAVN IN THE YEAR 2009

FREDERIKSHAVN IN THE YEAR OF 2015

New Waste Incineration Combined Heat And Power Plant

Expansion of District Heating Grid

Transport

Biogas Plant and Methanol Production

Geothermal and Heat Pumps

Combined Heat and Power Plants and Boilers

Wind Power

ENERGY SYSTEM ANALYSIS

PHASE 3: FREDERIKSHAVN IN THE YEAR 2030—100% RENEWABLE ENERGY AND LESS BIOMASS

8 - Life Cycle Analysis Versus Cost Benefit of Renewable Energy: Solar Systems Photovoltaics in Public Private Part ...

INTRODUCTION

Energy Challenges are Enormous

SolarCity—Solar PV Array Installations on City Facilities

Due Diligence Procedures

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF A PV SYSTEM FROM A FINANCIAL PERSPECTIVE

Available Incentives

Power Purchase Agreement Business Model

Calculating Utility Rates

Financial Analyses

Consideration of Externalities

CONCLUSION

REFERENCE

9 - Public Buildings and Institutions: Solar Power and Energy Conservation as Solutions: Legal and Financial Mechan ...

ALTERNATIVE ENERGY PUBLIC POLICY

LEGAL MECHANISMS FACILITATING DEVELOPMENT OF ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES

California Clean Energy Jobs Act

Energy Management Agreement by Community College Districts

Energy Service Contract and Facility Ground Lease by Public Agencies

Power Purchase Agreement by Governmental Agency

Lease of Photovoltaic System

TREATMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL INCENTIVES

10 - Life Cycle Analysis: The Economic Analysis of Demand-Side Programs and Projects in California

THE BASIC METHODOLOGY

Demand-Side Management Categories and Program Definitions

Basic Methods

Balancing the Tests

Limitations: Externality Values and Policy Rules

Externality Values

Policy Rules

PARTICIPANT TEST

Definition

Benefits and Costs

How the Results Can Be Expressed

Strengths of the Participant Test

Weaknesses of the Participant Test

Formulas

THE RATEPAYER IMPACT MEASURE TEST (REFER TO POINT 5 OF NOTES)

Definition

Benefits and Costs

How the Results Can Be Expressed

Strengths of the Ratepayer Impact Measure Test

Weaknesses of the Ratepayer Impact Measure Test

TOTAL RESOURCE COST TEST (REFER TO POINT 6 OF NOTES)

Definition

How the Results Can Be Expressed

Strengths of the Total Resource Cost Test

Weakness of the Total Resource Cost Test

Formulas

PROGRAM ADMINISTRATOR COST TEST

Definition

Benefits and Costs

How the Results Can Be Expressed

Strengths of the Program Administrator Cost Test

Weaknesses of the Program Administrator Cost Test

Formulas

NOTES

Appendix A

Appendix B

Basic Equations

Participant Test

Ratepayer Impact Measure Test

Total Resource Cost Test

Program Administrator Cost Test

Benefits and Costs

Participant Test

Ratepayer Impact Measure Test

Total Resource Cost Test

Program Administrator Cost Test

GLOSSARY OF SYMBOLS

Appendix C

Derivation of RIM Lifecycle Revenue Impact Formula

Rate Impact Measure

REFERENCE

11 - The Next Economics: Civic–Social Capitalism

INTRODUCTION

A New Framework for Understanding Energy and Economics Within the Context of Civic Society

The Advantages of Cooperation Over Competition

The Economic Advantages of Civic Capitalism

The Civic Markets at Work

Stimulating Innovation for Sustainable Environment and Energy Systems

Networks and Social Relations as Opposed to Only Numbers

ECONOMIC COLLABORATIONS AND PARTNERSHIPS IN ACTION

CONCLUSION: MAXIMIZING THE PUBLIC GOOD IN ENERGY ECONOMICS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

12 - Urban Circular Economy: The New Frontier for European Cities' Sustainable Development

THE URBAN CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN EUROPE

THE BIG CITIES EXAMPLES: AMSTERDAM, LONDON, PARIS, AND MILAN ON THE LEADING EDGE OF THE URBAN CIRCULAR ECONOMY

WHERE TO FIND THE RESOURCES TO INVEST IN URBAN CIRCULAR ECONOMY?

How to Overcome This Contradiction?

THE ROLE OF SMALL CITIES: THE ITALIAN EXPERIENCE

REFERENCES AND SOURCES

CHART 1: CIRCULAR ECONOMY AND ITS IMPACTS ON CITIZENS' DAY-TO-DAY LIFE

CHART 2: THE EUROPEAN UNION CIRCULAR ECONOMY ACTION PLAN AND THE ROLE OF THE CITIES

13 - Big Heart Intelligence in Healthy Workplaces and Sustainable Communities∗

HOW FAR HAVE WE COME?

BIG HEART INTELLIGENCE BASICS

EXAMPLE 1: BIG HEART INTELLIGENCE IN THE DESIGN OF HOSPITALS AND HEALTH CARE FACILITIES

Explorers Wheel: Inspiration, Conception, Design

Oxygen for Caregivers

Big Heart Intelligence Process

EXAMPLE 2: RETIREMENT COMMUNITIES LINKED TO UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGE TOWNS

SMART TECHNOLOGIES WITH A HEART

EVOLVING BUILDINGS WITHIN AN EMERGING NEW PARADIGM IN GLOBAL HEALTH

REFERENCES

14 - The European Union: Nordic Countries and Germany

GERMANY

Bottrop

A Blueprint for Success

DENMARK

Ærø

Samsø

Bornholm

SWEDEN

Växjö

Hammarby Sjöstad (Hammarby Lake City)

Malmö

Rotterdam

DISCUSSION

REFERENCES

15 - Mauritius Island Nation: 100% Renewable Energy System by 2050

INTRODUCTION

CURRENT ENERGY STATUS OF MAURITIUS

Primary Energy Requirements

Electricity Generation

THE GOVERNMENT'S VISION OF RENEWABLE ENERGIES UP TO 2025

OPTIONS FOR A 100% RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEM BY 2050

Hydrogen Power and Electric Vehicles

Bagasse Gasification

Solar Photovoltaic

Solar Thermal

Onshore and Offshore Wind

Ocean Technologies

Biofuels

Flexible Generation and Storage

Smart Grids

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

16 - Urban Sustainability and Industrial Migration: The Green Transition of Hefei, China

INTRODUCTION

GREEN URBAN PLANNING

DUELING INVESTMENTS

Hefei's Green Transition

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

17 - Energy Economics in China's Policy-Making Plan: From Self-Reliance and Market Dependence to Green Energy Indep ...

INTRODUCTION: FROM SELF-RELIANCE TO DEPENDENCY

THE REAL PREDICAMENT: ENERGY-CONSUMPTION-BASED ECONOMIC GROWTH

THE RISE OF CHINA IN THE CONTEXT OF ENERGY DEPENDENCY

Africa and Latin America

Middle East and Central Asia

NEW POLICY THINKING: CHANGE OF ECONOMIC GROWTH STRATEGY AND PROMOTING SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

CONCLUSION REMARKS: CHALLENGES AND OPTIMISM AHEAD

CHART 1

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

18 - Energy Strategy for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

THEME 1: ENERGY BASE, SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, AND FINANCE

THEME 2: DIFFERENCES THAT EXIST BETWEEN REGIONS, CITIES, AND NATIONS

THEME 3: LONG-TERM COMMITMENTS

RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

Applying Key Case Study Features

Vision

Objectives

Unique IMAR and PRC Opportunities

Commercial Technological Approaches Available Today (2006) and Areas for Collaboration With Research and Development and Un ...

Potential Barriers to Implementation in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Solutions to Barriers for Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

Policies to Move the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Energy Structures to Meet Its Future Needs

IMPLEMENTING MEASURES

CONCLUSIONS

SUPPLEMENTAL RECOMMENDATIONS: RURAL INNER MONGOLIA

Introduction

The Problem: Electricity

Nonelectric Energy for Heating and Cooking

Transportation

Toward an Integrated Energy, Water, Waste, and Transportation Infrastructure Strategy

Energy Internet

Energy Generation is in Transition

References

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

19 - Business Ventures and Financial Sector in the United Arab Emirates

INTRODUCTION

SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AND THE GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL SUPPORT

EASE OF DOING BUSINESS IN THE UAE

INVESTMENT BODIES—THE KEY PLAYERS AND CONTRIBUTORS

LEGAL ASPECTS OF CONDUCTING BUSINESS ACTIVITY

BANKING SECTOR—THE STRUCTURE AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS

OTHER KEY PLAYERS OF THE FINANCIAL MARKET

BUSINESS COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UAE AND POLAND

Prospects for Polish Enterprises in the Persian Gulf States

The Persian Gulf Markets

Entry Barriers for Polish Entrepreneurs on the Example of Polish Companies of Inglot and Can-Pack/Arab Can

Factors Determining the Expansion of Polish Enterprises in the UAE

Market Chances and Threats

Arabic Investments in Poland

THE SWOT ANALYSIS OF THE UAE MARKET—BUSINESS PERSPECTIVE

CONCLUSIONS AND SUMMARY

20 - ECO-GEN Energy Solutions: Tahiti Story

BACKGROUND

THE SOLUTION

The Technology

Inside the JouleBox: How the JouleBox Power Station Works

The JouleBox Power Station Plants Solution

The JouleBox Power Station Plants Solve All These Problems

THE TAHITI SOLUTION

REFERENCES

21 - Japanese Smart Communities as Industrial Policy

JAPANESE SMART COMMUNITIES: PLENTY, BUT POORLY PROMOTED

OPENING THE WINDOW ON JAPAN'S SMART COMMUNITIES

HIGASHI MATSUSHIMA CITY SMART DISASTER PREVENTION ECO TOWN

THE POWER BUSINESS

JAPAN'S INCENTIVES

JAPAN'S NEW INSTITUTIONS

SMART COMMUNITY POLICY ENTREPRENEURS

JAPAN'S NATIONAL SPATIAL STRATEGY

POLICY INTEGRATION IN THE COMPACT CITY

FISCAL SUPPORT FOR SMART COMMUNITIES

POST 3-11 STAKEHOLDER SUPPORT FOR SMART COMMUNITIES

HIROSAKI SMART CITY

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

22 - Sustainable Communities in Costa Rica

INTRODUCTION

Searching for Hope

A Jewel in Latin America

The Importance of Sustainability

A Model for Other Areas

SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES AND AREAS OF INTEREST

Northern Areas

Northwestern Areas

Northeastern Areas

Central Areas

Southwestern Areas

Southern Areas

THE FUTURE OF SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES IN COSTA RICA

Cultural Movements and Governmental Programs

CONCLUSION

A Strong Light in the Horizon

Healing in All Directions

Ticos y Ticas Mobilizing

FURTHER READING

23 - Sustainable Development Cases in Africa

AFRICA

Egypt

Nigeria

Kenya

REFERENCES

24 - Sustainable Agriculture: The Food Chain

INTRODUCTION

SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS

ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPLICATIONS

DEVELOPING NEW SOLUTIONS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

25. Insights on Establishing a Cohesive and Enduring Campus Sustainability Initiative

Insight 1: Many Campuses Still Need a Collective and Shared Definition of Sustainability, a Vision for Sustainability, and ...

Insight 2: Sustainability Is Being Established as an Institutional Priority Because It Is an Economic and Strategic Imperat ...

Insight 3: The Opportunity Set for Financing Sustainability Projects Is Expanding and the Economic Returns Are Attractive

Insight 4: Collaboration Between Campuses and Communities Is Fundamental to Mitigate and Adapt to Climate Change at the Loc ...

Insight 5: Deep Engagement and Participation of Stakeholders is Vital for Embedding Sustainability Into the Culture of a School

Four Core Competencies to Consider for Ensuring a Successful Campus Sustainability Initiative

26 - The Power of Sustainability: The Story of Kent, Ohio

BACKGROUND

CREATION AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE KENT SUSTAINABLE PLANNING APPROACH

Ohio State University Extension: Sustainable Planning Model

STEPS IN THE CREATION OF THE BICENTENNIAL PLAN

Step 1: Building a Partnership

Step 2: Establishing Planning Governance

Bicentennial Plan Steering Committee

Bicentennial Plan Design Team

Step 3: Discovering the Community's Shared Vision

Step 4: Finalize and Adopt Plan

IMPLEMENTING MULTIDIMENSIONAL, SUSTAINABLE GOALS

CENTRAL GATEWAY: TRANSFORMING KENT'S DOWNTOWN

Shared Vision Themes

Examples of Multidimensional Goals From the Kent Plan:

PLAN IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOMES

Tying Together the Campus and the Downtown: Haymaker Parkway and University Esplanade

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

27 - The Los Angeles Community College District: Establishing a Net Zero Energy Campus

INTRODUCTION

BACKGROUND

GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

IMPORTANCE OF THIS STUDY

CURRENT SITUATION

Energy Demand Versus Energy Consumption

Electric Utility Rates

City College Campus Energy Consumption and Demand

City College Campus Growth and Demand Side Management

SOLAR PV ARRAY AND SETUP

Solar Energy

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX 1: MAP OF LA CITY COLLEGE CAMPUS INDICATING PREVIOUS, CURRENT, AND PLANNED RENOVATIONS/CONSTRUCTION

APPENDIX 2: LADWP ENERGY RATES AS OF OCTOBER 1, 2009—SPECIFIC FOR LACC OPERATIONS

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

28 - Case Study: University of California, Irvine

29 - “Scrappy” Sustainability at Ohio Wesleyan University

A GRASSROOTS MODEL FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN HIGHER EDUCATION

THE CONTEXT OF SUSTAINABILITY AT OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

COORDINATING SUSTAINABILITY WITHOUT A SUSTAINABILITY COORDINATOR

“SCRAPPY SUSTAINABILITY” OUTCOMES

A NEW MODEL FOR SUSTAINABILITY?

30 - Afterword: A Sustainable Economic and Finance Proposal

THE PROBLEM

Corporate Governance in an Age of Economic Globalization

Political Economy of the State and Public Goods Provision

Private and Public Sector Intergenerational Responsibility

Political Economy of Income and Wealth Distribution

Human Capability and Economic Development

ECONOMIC APPROACHES: OVERVIEW IN BRIEF

Feed-in Tariffs

Carbon Incentive (Tax)

Master Contracts

Solar Company Finance

Cap and Trade

Investments (Equity)

Property Assessed Clean Energy

Tax Shifting

Bank Mortgages: (Long-Term Transferable Debt)

CONCLUSION NOW AND FOR TOMORROW

REFERENCES

FURTHER READING

Index

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

V

W

Y

Z

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