Front Cover

Geographic Knowledge Infrastructure: Applications to Territorial Intelligence and Smart Cities

Copyright

Contents

Preface

1. From Geodata to Geographic Knowledge

1.1. A rapid history of urban planning and information technology

1.2. Territorial intelligence, smart cities and smart planning

1.3. Data acquisition sensors

1.4. About reasoning

1.5. Promises of geographic knowledge

1.6. Conclusion: advocacy for geographic knowledge infrastructures

2. Knowledge Representation

2.1. Automated reasoning

2.2. Logical formalisms

2.3. RDF (Resource Description Framework)

2.4. Rule modeling

2.5. About mathematical models

2.6. Case-based reasoning

2.7. Conclusion: what is special for geographic knowledge?

3. Towards Geographic Knowledge Systems

3.1. Lessons learnt from GIS

3.2. GKS structure

3.3. Towards the integration of external knowledge

3.4. Prolegomena and principles

3.5. About quality of geographic knowledge bases

3.6. About multimedia knowledge

3.7. First conclusion on GKS

4. Geographic Objects

4.1. About the semantics of geographic objects

4.2. From lines to ribbons

4.3. Mutation of object geometric types

4.4. Fuzzy geographic objects

4.5. About altitude

4.6. Continuous fields

4.7. Quality and geometric homology relations

4.8. Geographic objects and projects

4.9. Final remarks concerning geographic objects

5. Geographic Relations

5.1. Spatial operations

5.2. Spatial relations

5.3. Characteristics of spherical spatial relations

5.4. Spatial relations in urban space

5.5. Ribbon operations and relations

5.6. Mutation of topological relations according to the granularity of interest

5.7. Other geographic relations

5.8. Conclusion regarding geographic relations

6. Geographic Ontologies

6.1. Introduction

6.2. Generalities about ontologies

6.3. Towntology: ontologies for urban planning

6.4. Characteristics of geographic ontologies

6.5. Examples of geographic ontologies

6.6. Fusioning ontologies

6.7. Conclusion and challenges regarding geographic ontologies

7. Complex Geographic Objects and Structures

7.1. Simple collections

7.2. Ribbon graphs and networks

7.3. Tessellations

7.4. Shape grammars and applications to geographic objects

7.5. Complex geographic objects and their relations

7.6. Conclusion

8. Gazetteers and Multilingualism

8.1. Generalities

8.2. Examples

8.3. Existing systems

8.4. Inference rules for matching geographic ontologies and gazetteers in different languages

8.5. Enriching geographic knowledge bases by rules

8.6. Conclusion

9. Geographic Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining

9.1. Introduction to data mining

9.2. Elements of spatial data mining

9.3. Conclusion

10 Geographic Applicative Rules

10.1. About rules in information technology

10.2. Introductory example regarding street naming

10.3. Geographic knowledge and reasoning

10.4. Study of the semantics of the geographic rules

10.5. Toward applicative geographic rules modeling

10.6. Conclusion about applicative geographic rules

11. Geovisualization and Chorems

11.1. Graphics semiology

11.2. From vision analytics to geovisualization

11.3. Chorems

11.4. Dashboards for smart cities

11.5. Conclusions

12. GKS: Querying and Interoperability

12.1. Geographic queries

12.2. Geographic knowledge bases interoperability

12.3. Conclusion

13. Conclusion: Knowledge as Infrastructure for Smart Governance

13.1. Business Intelligence

13.2. GeoSpatial Business Intelligence or geo-intelligence

13.3. Territorial intelligence

13.4. Knowledge as infrastructure for smart governance

13.5. Conclusion, from knowledge to wisdom

Bibliography

Index

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