Chapter
4 - Nanotreatment of Cancer
5 - Nanodrugs and Nanocarriers
5.1 - Magnetic Nanoparticles
5.2 - Noble Metal Nanoparticles
5.3 - Upconversion Nanoparticles
5.5 - Carbon-Based Nanostructures
5.6 - Polymeric Nanoparticles
Chapter 2 - Bioengineered nanomaterials for chemotherapy
2 - Polymeric Nanoparticles
2.1.1 - Solvent evaporation
2.2.1 - Application I: N-acetyl-d-glucosamine for targeted delivery of doxorubicin
2.2.2 - Application II: polymeric nanoparticles loaded with cisplatin
3.1.1 - Chemical vapor deposition method
3.1.2 - The properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes
4.1.1 - Chemical controlled reduction
5 - Supermagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
5.1.1 - Coprecipitation method
5.1.2 - Reduction precipitation method
5.1.3 - Thermal decomposition method
5.1.4 - Microemulsion method
5.1.5 - Hydrothermal method
5.1.6 - Sonochemical and microwave-assisted methods
5.2 - Physicochemical Properties and Characterization
5.2.1 - Magnetic properties of SPIONs
5.2.4 - Pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and biological fate
6.2 - Structure and Properties
7.1.1 - Divergent approach
7.1.2 - Convergent approach
7.1.3 - Hypercores and branched monomers
7.1.4 - Double exponential
7.2.1 - Dendrimers as molecular imaging contrast agents
7.2.2 - Dendrimer–cell hybrids
8.2.1 - Solubilization and functionalization
8.3.2 - Gene and drug delivery
Chapter 3 - BiofuNctionalized nanomaterials for targeting cancer cells
2 - Targeting Strategies for Cancer Cells
3 - Combination of Nanostructures With Chemotherapeutic Agents
3.2 - Hyperbranched Copolymers
3.3 - Dendritic Structures
3.4 - Carbon-Based Nanostructures
3.5 - Metallic Nanoparticles
3.5.1 - Gold nanoparticles
3.5.2 - Iron oxide nanoparticles
3.5.3 - Gadolinium nanoparticles
3.5.4 - Titanium dioxide nanoparticles
3.6 - Vesicular Structures
Chapter 4 - Improving chemotherapy drug delivery by nanoprecision tools
2 - Conventional Cancer Treatment
3 - Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.1 - Characteristics of Ideal Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.2 - Factors Affecting Efficacy of Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.2.1 - Limitations of EPR
3.2.2 - Limitation of targeted therapy
3.2.3 - Size of nanoparticles
3.2.4 - Surface charge of nanoparticles
3.2.5 - Morphology of nanoparticles
3.2.6 - Porosity of nanoparticles
3.2.7 - pH-sensitivity of nanoparticles
3.2.8 - Surface properties of nanoparticles
3.3 - Advantages of Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.3.1 - Improving the efficiency of poor soluble drugs
3.3.2 - Prolonging lifetime of circulation
3.3.2.1 - Polymeric nanoparticles attached to red blood cells
3.3.2.2 - PEGylated nanoparticles
3.4 - Polymer Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.4.1 - Pegylated liposomal for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2 - Micelles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2.1 - Sterically stabilized phospholipid nanomicelles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2.2 - Super pH-sensitive multifunctional polymeric micelle for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2.3 - Polyelectrolyte complex micelle for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2.4 - Micellar aggregates of cross-linked copolymer for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2.5 - Nanobubbles multifunctional polymeric nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.2.6 - Hollow vesicles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.3 - Polymeric nanocapsules for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.3.1 - Poly(ethylene glycol) for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.3.2 - Polyacrylamide for chemotherapy delivery system
3.4.3.3 - Chitosan for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5 - Inorganic Nanoparticles for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.5.1 - Silica nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.1.1 - Functionalized silica nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.2 - Zinc oxide nanostructures for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.2.1 - Functionalized ZnO nanstructures for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.2.2 - ZnO-doped nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.3 - TiO2 nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.4 - Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.4.1 - Magnetic microspheres for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.4.2 - Magnetic nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.4.3 - Superparamagnetic iron oxide particles for localization of sentinel lymph node biopsy
3.5.4.4 - Magnetite hollow porous nanocrystal shells for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.4.5 - Tubular structure magnetic nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.4.6 - Functionalized magnetic nanoparticles for chemotherapy delivery system
3.5.5 - Clay minerals for chemotherapy delivery system
3.6 - Nanocomposites for Chemotherapy Delivery System
3.6.1 - Clay–polymer nanocomposites for chemotherapy delivery system
3.6.2 - Nanospheres for chemotherapy delivery system
3.6.3 - Nanoshells for chemotherapy delivery system
3.6.4 - Core–shell nanomaterials for chemotherapy delivery system
3.6.4.1 - Mesoporous silica nanoparticle @ polymer core–shell
3.6.4.2 - ZnO nanoparticle @ polymer core–shell
3.6.4.3 - Magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles @ gelatin core–shell
3.6.4.4 - Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle @ polymer core–shell
3.6.4.5 - Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle @ oleic acid core–shell
3.6.4.6 - Gold nanoparticle @ polymer core–shell
3.6.4.7 - Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle @ SiO2 core–shell
3.6.4.8 - Mesoporous silica nanoparticle @ ZnO core–shell
3.6.4.9 - Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle @ Au core–shell
3.6.4.10 - Polymer nanoparticle @ polymer core–shell
4 - Challenges Facing Nanomedicine in Oncology
4.1 - Brain-Targeted Therapy
4.2 - Breast-Targeted Therapy
4.3 - Lung-Targeted Therapy
4.3.1 - Aerosol-inhaled chemotherapy
4.3.2 - Nanoparticles as dry powder inhalers for lung cancer
4.3.3 - Improvement of dry powder inhalers for lung cancer
4.3.4 - Factors affecting nanocarriers accumulation and retention on lung
4.3.5 - Aerosol trojan nanoparticles for drug-delivery system
4.4 - Overcoming Drug Resistance
Chapter 5 - RIPL peptide as a novel cell-penetrating and homing peptide: design, characterization, and application to liposomal...
2 - Cell-Penetrating and Homing Peptide
2.1 - Cell-Penetrating Efficiency
2.2 - Target Cell Specificity
2.2.1 - Passive targeting
3 - RIPL Peptide for Hpn-Specificity
3.2 - Design of RIPL Peptide
3.2.1 - Synthesis and identification
3.2.2 - Structure prediction and model construction
3.3 - Cell Uptake Specificity of RIPL Peptide
3.3.2 - Cellular uptake of RIPL peptide
4 - RIPL-Conjugated Liposomes
4.1 - Preparation of RIPL-Lipo
4.2 - Characterization of RIPL-Lipo
4.2.1 - Physical characterization of RIPL-Lipo
4.2.2 - Conformational property of RIPL-Lipo
4.2.3 - Selection of optimized RIPL-Lipo system
4.3 - Cell Uptake Study of RIPL-Lipo
4.3.1 - In vitro cellular uptake evaluation of RIPL-Lipo
4.3.2 - Selective binding and internalization of RIPL-Lipo to Hpn(+) cells
4.4 - Uptake Mechanism and Intracellular Pathways
5 - Cytotoxicities of RIPL and RIPL-Lipo
Chapter 6 - Progress of nanoparticles research in cancer therapy and diagnosis
2 - Nanoparticles as Efficient Drug-Delivery Systems
2.1 - Imperatives for Designing Nanoparticle Drug-Delivery Systems
3 - Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
3.1 - Iron oxide nanoparticles
3.1.1 - Controllable drug release behavior
3.1.2 - Optical and multimodal imaging applications
3.2 - Organic nanoparticles
3.2.1 - Liposome-based nanoparticles
3.2.2 - Polymeric nanoparticles
Chapter 7 - Interfacial engineering of nanoparticles for cancer therapeutics
2 - Characteristics of Drug Delivery Carriers
2.1 - Size and Shape of Nanoparticles
3 - Different Types of Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems
3.1 - Self-Assembled Drug Delivery Materials
3.1.1.1 - Polymeric micelles
3.1.2 - Vesicles/liposomes
3.1.3 - Liquid crystalline phases
3.2 - Polymeric Materials for Drug Delivery
3.2.3 - Polylactic acid/poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid
3.3 - Inorganic Material-Based Delivery Systems
3.3.1 - Metallic nanoparticles
3.3.2 - Metal oxide nanoparticles (SiO2, Fe3O4, ZnO)
3.3.3 - Hybrid nanoparticles
4 - Site-Specific Targeting of Nanoparticles
4.1 - Principal Schemes of Targeted Drug Delivery
4.2.1 - Pathophysiological factors: enhanced permeability and retention effect
4.2.2 - Physicochemical factors: reticuloendothelial system
4.2.3 - Anatomical factors
5 - Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Nanoparticles
Chapter 8 - Nanotechnological approaches toward cancer chemotherapy
2 - The Development of Nanotherapeutics
2.1 - The EPR Effect for Cancer Nanotherapeutics
2.2 - The Antibody-Based Cancer Nanotherapeutics
2.3 - Sustained-Release Nanotherapeutics
3 - Nanostructures for Cancer Therapy
3.2 - Polymeric Nanostructures
4 - Methods for Fabrication of Nanoparticles
4.1 - Nanoprecipitation or Solvent Evaporation/Extraction Method
4.1.1 - Single emulsion method
4.1.2 - Double-emulsion method
4.3 - Ionic Gelation Method
5 - Mode of Entry of Nanoparticles in Cells
6 - Controlled Drug Delivery Systems
6.1 - Rate Programmed Drug Delivery System
6.2 - Activation Modulated Drug Delivery Systems
7 - Nanoparticles for Cancer Drug Delivery: Active versus Passive Targeting
8 - Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
8.1 - Targeting Carbohydrate Receptors
8.2 - Small Molecule Receptors as Target
8.3 - Transferrin Receptors as Target
8.4 - CD20-Targeted Therapy
8.5 - EGFR-Targeted Therapy
8.6 - HER-2-Targeted Therapy
8.7 - Integrin-Targeted Therapy
8.8 - Pgp-Targeted Therapy
9 - Pharmacokinetics of Nanotherapeutics
9.1 - Factors Influencing Pharmacokinetics of Nanoformulations
9.2 - Essential Tools for Studying Pharmacokinetics of NPs
9.3 - Limitations of Pharmacokinetics Studies of Nanoformulations
10 - Toxicology of Nanoformulations
10.1 - Mechanisms of Potential Nanomaterial Toxicity
10.2 - Plausible Measures to Control Nanotoxicity
11 - The Gap Between Laboratory Synthesis and Commercial Viability of Production of Nanoformulations
11.1 - Other Bottlenecks for Commercialization of Cancer Nanotherapeutics
Chapter 9 - cancer therapies: applications, nanomedicines and nanotoxicology
2 - Applications of Chemotherapy
3 - Nanomedicines for Cancer Therapy
3.1 - Tumor-Targeting Barriers in Nanoparticles Drug Delivery to the Tumor Microenvironment
3.2 - Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy
3.3 - Prodrugs for Imaging and Targeting Therapy of Cancer
3.3.1 - Role of imaging in monitoring tumor response
4.1 - Physical and Chemical Characterization
4.2 - In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization
Chapter 10 - Multifunctional polymeric micelles as therapeutic nanostructures: targeting, imaging, and triggered release
2 - Encapsulation of Drug
4.1 - pH-Sensitive Micelles
4.2 - Temperature-Sensitive Micelles
4.3 - Light-Sensitive Micelles
5 - Appropriate Targeting
5.2.1 - Folate-based targeting
5.2.2 - Antibodies-based targeting
5.2.3 - Peptide-based targeting
6.1 - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
6.4 - X-Ray Computed Tomography
7 - Multifunctional Micelles
Chapter 11 - Recent advances in diagnosis and therapy of skin cancers through nanotechnological approaches
2 - Epidemiology of Skin Cancers
3 - Modern Diagnosis of Skin Cancers
3.2 - Reflectance Confocal Microscopy
3.3 - Optical Coherence Tomography
3.5 - Multifrequency Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy
3.6 - Multispectral Digital Skin Lesion Imaging
3.7 - Terahertz Spectral Profiling
4 - Modern Treatment of Skin Cancers
5 - Nanosystems in the Diagnosis of Skin Cancers
6 - Nanosystems in the Therapy of Skin Cancers
6.1 - Inorganic Nanoparticles
6.1.2 - Gold nanoparticles
6.1.4 - Zinc oxide nanoparticles
6.1.5 - Cerium oxide nanoparticles
6.4 - Solid Lipid Nanoparticles
7 - Conclusions and Perspectives
Chapter 12 - Design of nanoparticle structures for cancer immunotherapy
3 - Targeting Dendritic Cells in Vaccine Development by Nanoparticles
4 - Nanoparticle-Based Immunotherapy for Cancer
5 - Immunological Properties of Engineered Nanoparticles
5.1.2 - Surface roughness
5.1.3 - Point of particle attachment and cellular uptake
5.2 - Surface Functionalization
Chapter 13 - Recent advances of folate-targeted anticancer therapies and diagnostics: current status and future prospectives
2 - Principles of Folate-Targeting Strategy
2.1 - How Does Folic Acid Penetrate Cells?
2.2 - Kinetics and Endocytosis Pathway Mediated by Folate Receptor
2.3 - Importance of Folic Acid in Cancer Targeting Strategies: Folate Receptor Expression Patterns
3 - Folate-Targeted Anticancer Therapy
3.1 - Folate-Targeted Protein Toxins
3.2 - Folate-Based Small-Chemotherapeutic Drugs Conjugates (FA-SCDCs)
3.3 - Folate-Targeted Drug Nanocarriers for the Delivery of Chemotherapeutic Agents
3.3.2 - Polymeric nanoparticle systems
3.4 - Folate-Targeted Vectors in Gene Therapy
3.5 - Folate Receptor–Mediated Immunotherapy
4 - Folate-Targeted Systems as Diagnostic Tools in Cancer
5 - Conclusions and Future Prospectives
Chapter 14 - Anticancer efficiency of curcumin-loaded invertible polymer micellar nanoassemblies
2 - Synthesis of Amphiphilic Invertible Polymers
2.1 - Synthesis and Structure of Amphiphilic Invertible Polyesters Based on Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids and Poly(ethylene ...
2.2 - Synthesis and Structure of Amphiphilic Invertible Polyesters Based on Polytetrahydrofuran and Poly(ethylene Glycol) (...
3 - Micellization, Self-Assembly, and Invertible Properties of AIPs
4 - Self-Assembly of AIPs in Water: Potential for Stimuli-Responsive Drug Delivery
5 - Invertible Polymer Micellar Nanoassemblies as a Unique Delivery System Targeted to Osteosarcoma Cells
Chapter 15 - Dose enhancement effect in radiotherapy: adding gold nanoparticles to tumor in cancer treatment
2 - Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Radiotherapy
2.1 - Cancer Cell Kill and Radiotherapy
2.1.1 - Ionizing radiation
2.1.2 - DNA damage: double-strand break
2.2.1 - Fabrication of gold nanoparticles
2.2.2 - Adding gold nanoparticles to the cell
3 - Dose Enhancement due to Gold Nanoparticle Addition
3.1 - Particle Interactions of Gold Nanoparticle
3.1.1 - Photon interactions
3.1.2 - Electron interactions
3.2 - Monte Carlo Simulation and Dosimetry
3.2.1 - Monte Carlo models for gold nanoparticle
3.3 - Radiobiological Results
3.4 - Low-Energy Electron
4 - Gold Nanoparticle-Enhanced Radiotherapy
Chapter 16 - Silver-based nanostructures for cancer therapy
2 - Silver-Based Nanostructures for Tumor Diagnosis
3 - Silver-Based Nanostructures for Tumor Targeted and Controlled Delivery Systems
4 - Silver-Based Nanostructures for Tumor External-Activated Treatment
Chapter 17 - Ligand-decorated polysaccharide nanocarriers for targeting therapeutics to hepatocytes
2 - Different Ligand-Polysaccharide Nanocarriers
2.1 - Glycyrrhetinic Acid–Alginate Nanosystems
2.2 - Urocanyl Pullulan-Nanosystem
2.3 - Galactose-Chitosan Nanocarriers
2.4 - Lactosaminated Chitosan Systems
2.5 - DTPA-Polysaccharides
Chapter 18 - Targeted delivery of anticancer drugs: new trends in lipid nanocarriers
2 - Drug Delivery Systems: Concepts and Characteristics of Lipid Nanocarriers
3 - Strategies for Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer
3.2.2 - Proteins and peptides
3.2.4 - Stimuli-sensitive devices
3.3 - Codelivery Therapy in Lipid Nanocarriers
Chapter 19 - Nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia
1 - Magnetic Hyperthermia in Cancer Therapy
3 - Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia
3.1 - Parameters to Assess the Nanoparticles Heating Power
3.2 - Experimental Determination of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Heating Efficiency
4 - Mechanisms of Heat Dissipation
5 - Nanoparticles Synthesis and Coating
5.2 - Synthesis Approaches
Chapter 20 - Nanotechnology: a challenge in hard tissue engineering with emphasis on bone cancer therapy
2 - Representative Materials for Hard Tissue Engineering
2.2 - Oxides (Alumina, Zircone, Bioglass)
2.4 - Carbonaceous Materials
2.5 - Composite Materials
3 - Drug Delivery Systems Designed for Hard Tissue Engineering
3.1 - Calcium Phosphates as Drug Delivery System in Bone Cancer Therapy
3.2 - Oxides as Drug-Delivery System in Bone Cancer Therapy
3.3 - (Mesoporous) Silica and Silicates in Bone Cancer Therapy
3.4 - Carbonaceous Materials as Drug Delivery System in Bone Cancer Therapy
3.5 - Composite Materials as Drug-Delivery System in Bone Cancer Therapy
Chapter 21 - Combination therapy of macromolecules and small molecules: approaches, advantages, and limitations
2 - Peptides and Proteins as Therapeutic Agents in Cancer
2.1 - Inhibiting Signal Transduction Pathways
2.1.1 - EGFR kinase inhibitors
2.1.2 - Anti-Her2 antibodies
2.1.3 - Inhibiting IGF-1R signaling
2.2 - Targeting Angiogenesis Pathways
2.3.1 - Bcl-2 family of proteins
3 - Proteins as Targeting Agents in Cancer
3.1 - Protein Drug Conjugates
3.1.1 - Antibody–drug conjugates
3.1.1.1 - Target selection
3.1.1.2 - Drug-targeting mechanisms by ADCs
3.1.1.3 - Cytotoxic drugs
3.1.2 - Other protein–drug conjugates
3.1.2.1 - Albumin–drug conjugates
3.1.2.2 - Transferrin–drug conjugates
4 - Nucleic Acid-Based Macromolecule Therapeutics
4.1 - Antisense Oligonucleotides Therapeutics
4.1.1 - Antisense oligonucleotids application as therapeutics
4.2 - Ribozymes Therapeutics
4.3 - RNA Interference (RNAi) Therapeutics
4.3.1 - Adverse effects of RNAi as a therapeutic agent
4.3.2 - RNAi as therapeutics for cancer
4.4 - Nanotechnology-Based Vehicles for Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Delivery
Chapter 22 - Nanosized drug delivery systems as radiopharmaceuticals
1.1 - Noninvasive Imaging Modalities
1.2 - Drug Delivery Systems as Nanosized Radiopharmaceuticals
1.3 - Imaging Modalities and Contrast Agents for Noninvasive Imaging
1.3.1 - CT and CT contrast agents
1.3.2 - MRI and MRI contrast agents
1.3.3 - PET and PET radioligands
1.3.4 - SPECT and SPECT radioligands
1.3.5 - US and US contrast agents
1.3.6 - Optical fluorescence and bioluminescence imaging and contrast agents
Chapter 23 - Mesoporous silica nanoparticles: a promising multifunctional drug delivery system
1.2 - Properties of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
2 - Types and Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
2.1 - Growth Quench Approach
2.2 - Confinement Approach
2.3 - Separation of Nucleation and Growth
3 - Surface Functionalization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
3.1 - Need for Surface Functionalization of MSNPs
3.2 - Methods Employed for Surface Functionalization of MSNPs
3.2.1 - Cocondensation process (one-pot synthesis)
3.3 - Grafting Method (Postsynthesis Modification)
3.4 - Multifunctionalization
4 - Therapeutic Applications of MSNPs
4.3 - Protein and Gene Delivery
4.4 - Stimuli-Responsive Release
4.4.1 - pH-triggered release
4.4.2 - Light-triggered release
4.4.3 - Redox potential–triggered release
4.4.4 - Temperature-triggered release
4.4.5 - Enzyme-triggered release
4.4.6 - Magnetic field–triggered release
4.4.7 - Competitive displacement
4.5 - Overcome the Multidrug Resistance With Codelivery of Drugs
4.6 - Alternative Therapeutic Strategies: Photodynamic Therapy
4.7 - MSNPs as Imaging and Contrast Agent
4.8 - MSNPs as Bioactive Materials for Tissue Regeneration
5 - Biological Performance of MSNPs
5.1 - Intracellular Uptake of MSNPs
5.2 - Biocompatibility of MSNPs
5.2.1 - Effect of particle size
5.2.2 - Effect of surface properties
5.2.4 - Effect of structure
6 - Characterization of MSNPs
6.1.1 - Specific surface area determination, the BET method
6.1.2 - Micropore volume and external surface area
6.1.3 - Mesopore size analysis
6.3 - Electron Microscopy
6.3.1 - Scanning electron microscopy
6.3.2 - Transmission electron microscopy
6.3.3 - Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy
6.4 - Drug loading and entrapment in MSNPs
6.5 - In Vitro Drug Release from Drug-Loaded MSNPs
Chapter 24 - Cancer therapies based on enzymatic amino acid depletion
2 - Amino Acid Deprivation Enzymes
2.2.2 - l-arginine deiminase
Chapter 25 - Self-emulsifying delivery systems: one step ahead in improving solubility of poorly soluble drugs
2 - Various Formulation Strategies to Enhance Solubility and Permeability
3 - Self-Emulsifying Drug Delivery System
4 - Lipid Formulations (Charman et al., 1992; Colin, 2000; Collin, 1997; Pouton, 2000; Pouton and Porter, 2008)
4.1 - Formulation of Type I Systems
4.2 - Formulation of Type II Systems
4.3 - Formulation of Type III Systems
4.4 - Formulation of Type IV Systems
5 - Type of Spontaneously Emulsifying System (SEDDS)
7 - Theories and Thermodynamics of Microemulsion Formulation
7.1 - Mixed Film Theories
7.2 - Solubilization Theories
7.3 - Thermodynamic Theories
8 - Difference Between SMEDDs and SNEDDs
9 - Factors to be Consider for the Development of SEDDS
9.1 - Physicochemical Nature of the Drug
9.2 - Solubility, pH, and Drug Absorption
9.3 - Polymorphism, Solvates, and Drug Absorption
10 - Suitable Drug Candidate Identification for SEDDS
11 - Composition of SEDDS
11.1 - Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
11.6 - Consistency Binder
13 - Construction of Phase Diagram
13.1 - Winsor’s Phase Diagram
13.2 - Methods for Constructing Pseudoternary Phase Diagram
14 - Mechanism of Self-Emulsification
14.1 - Enhanced Dissolution/Solubilization
15 - Factors Affecting Formation of Microemulsion
15.2 - Property of Surfactant, Oil Phase, and Temperature
15.3 - The Nature, Type, and Chain Length of the Cosurfactant
16 - Absorption Mechanism for Self-Microemulsification
16.1 - Retardation of Gastric Emptying Time
16.2 - Increase in Effective Drug Solubility in Lumen
16.3 - Lymphatic Transport of the Drug
16.4 - Enterocyte-Based Drug Transport
16.5 - Increasing Membrane Permeability
17 - Biopharmaceutical Issues in the Selection of SEDDS
20.1 - Physical and Chemical Stability
20.2 - Thermodynamic Stability Testing
20.2.1 - Heating cooling cycle
20.2.3 - Freeze thaw cycle stress test
20.3 - Dispersibility Test and Self-Emulsification Time
20.4 - Turbidimetric (Nephelometric) Evaluation
20.5 - Robustness to Dilution
20.7 - Droplet Size Measurement
20.8 - Zeta Potential Measurement
20.9 - % Transmittance Measurement
20.10 - Electrical Conductivity Measurements
20.11 - Viscosity Measurement
20.12 - Cloud Point Measurement
20.14 - Advanced Method for Characterization of Mucoadhesive Microemulsion
20.14.1 - Scattering techniques
20.14.2 - Drug release study
20.14.3 - PAMPA (parallel artificial membrane permeability assay)
21.1 - Improvement in Solubility and Bioavailability
21.2 - Protection Against Biodegradation
22 - Advancement in Self-Emulsifying Systems
22.1 - Self-Double Emulsifying Drug Delivery Systems
22.2 - Supersaturable SEDDS
22.4 - Self-Emulsifying Solid Dispersions
22.5 - Self-Emulsifying Capsules
22.6 - Self-Emulsifying Sustained/Controlled Release Tablets
22.7 - Self-Emulsifying Sustained/Controlled Release Pellets
22.8 - Self-Emulsifying Beads
22.9 - Self-Emulsifying Nanoparticles
22.10 - Self-Emulsifying Implants
22.11 - Self-Emulsifying Suppositories
22.12 - SEDDS for Traditional Herbal Medicine
22.13 - Positively Charged SEDDS
23 - Marketed Formulation of SMEDDS
24 - Recent Patents on Advanced Self-Emulsifying Systems
Chapter 26 - Near-infrared light-responsive nanotherapeutic agents: application in medical oncology
2 - Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule and Its Application in Medicine
2.1 - General Information on Infrared Spectrum Application in Medicine
2.2 - Basic Photonics and Its Biomedical Application
2.3 - Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Modern Medicine
3 - Using Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Medical Oncology
3.1 - Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Diagnostic Oncology
3.2 - Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Therapeutic Oncology
4 - Safety Consideration in Using Near-Infrared Light-Responsive Nanomolecule in Medical Oncology
Chapter 27 - Current aspects of breast cancer therapy and diagnosis based on a nanocarrier approach
2 - Nanosystems Containing Anticancer Agents Used for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Current Clinical Practice and Trial Studies
2.1 - Liposomes as Carriers for Antitumor Agents
2.1.1 - Liposomes containing anticancer agents used in current clinical practice
2.1.2 - Liposomes containing anticancer agents undergoing clinical trials
2.2 - Polymeric Nanoparticles as Carriers for Antitumor Agents
2.2.1 - Polymeric nanoparticles containing anticancer agents used in current clinical practice
3 - Use of Selective Biomarkers for Breast Cancer Detection, Analysis, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Intervention
3.1 - Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, and HER2/neu
3.2 - Vascular Endothelium Growth Factor
3.3 - MUC1 (CA 15-3, CA 27.29) and carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)
3.4 - Other Potential Biomarkers
4 - Overcoming Breast Cancer Drug Resistance
Chapter 28 - Natural plant-derived anticancer drugs nanotherapeutics: a review on preclinical to clinical success
2 - Plants as Source of Anticancer Agents
3 - Physicochemical and Biopharmaceutical Limitations of Plant-Derived Anticancer Drugs
3.18 - Phenoxodiol and Protopanaxadiol
4 - Nanomedicines in Cancer
4.1 - Design of Nanomaterials or Cancer Therapeutic Applications
4.2 - Passive and Active Targeting
4.3 - Currently Approved Nanomedicines
4.4 - Targeting Ligands for Nanocarriers
4.5 - Conjugation Strategies in Targeted Nanocarriers
4.6 - Intracellular Organelle Targeting
5 - Preclinical or Clinical Status of Plant-Derived Natural Anticancer Nanomedicines
Chapter 29 - Nanotherapy: a next generation hallmark for combating cancer
1.1 - Cancer as a Dreadful Disease
1.2 - Hallmarks of Cancer and Therapeutic Targets
1.3 - Conventional Cancer Treatments and Their Limitations
2 - Nanotechnology in Cancer and Treatment
2.2 - Why Nanoparticles Are Superior Anticancerous Agents?
2.3 - Exploiting Nanomedicine Could Be a Better Choice
2.4 - Targeting of Nanocarriers
2.5 - Multidrug Resistance
2.6 - Targeted Drug Delivery
2.7 - Novel Biomimetic Nanoparticle Cancer Therapies
2.8 - Passively Targeted Nanoparticles/Small Molecules
2.9 - Actively Targeted Nanoparticles/Small Molecules
2.10 - Advantages of Nanocarrier
3 - Conclusions and Final Remarks
Chapter 30 - Nanostructures for cancer therapy: from targeting to selective toxicology
2 - Targeted Cancer Therapies
3 - Nanoparticles Used in Cancer Therapy
3.1 - Gold Nanoparticles for Cancer Therapy
3.2 - Silica-Based Nanoparticles for Targeted Cancer Therapy
3.3 - Polymeric Nanoparticles
3.4 - Hybrid Nanoparticles
3.5 - X-Ray Responsive Selenium Nanoparticles
4 - Toxicological Aspects of Nanoscale Drug Delivery Systems
Nanostructures for Cancer Therapy
( Nanostructures in Therapeutic Medicine )
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