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Buckwheat Germplasm in the World

Copyright Page

Contents

List of Contributors

Foreword by Prof. Ohnishi

Foreword by Prof. Fan

Foreword by Prof. Park

Preface

1 Overview of Buckwheat Resources in the World

The Origin and Diffuseness of Cultivated Buckwheat

Germplasm Resources of Buckwheat in the World

The Current Buckwheat Germplasm Research

Characterization and Evaluation

The Research About the Relationship of Fagopyrum Mill

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

2 Classification and Nomenclature of Buckwheat Plants

Taxonomic Position of Fagopyrum

The Species of Fagopyrum

Morphology Key to Species of Fagopyrum

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

3 Distribution of Cultivated Buckwheat Resources in the World

Introduction

Fagopyrum esculentum Genetic Resources

Fagopyrum tataricum Genetic Resourcers

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

4 Chromosomes and Chromosome Studies in Buckwheat

Introduction

Somatic Chromosomes in Buckwheat

Meiotic Chromosomes in Buckwheat

References

5 Description of Cultivated Tartary Buckwheat

The Morphological Descriptions of Fagopyrum tataricum (L) Gaertn

The Profile of Fagopyrum tataricum Cultivation

The Collection and Preservation of Fagopyrum tataricum Germplasm Resources

The Characterization and Evaluation of Fagopyrum tataricum Resources

Acknowledgments

References

6 Description of Cultivated Common Buckwheat

Accepted Botanical Names and Synonyms of the Cultivated Species

The Botanical Description

The Cultivation Profile of Common Buckwheat

The Collection and Preservation of Common Buckwheat Germplasm Resources

The Characterization and Evaluation of Common Buckwheat Resources

Acknowledgments

References

7 Perennial Self-Incompatible Wild Fagopyrum Species

Fagopyrum cymosum

The Botanical Description

Distribution

The Habitat and Growth Habit

Fagopyrum urophyllum

The Botanical Description

Distribution

The Habitat and Growth Habit

Fagopyrum statice

The Botanical Description

Distribution

The Habitat and Growth Habit

Acknowledgments

Reference

Further Reading

8 Perennial Self-Compatible Wild Fagopyrum Species: F. hailuogouense

The Botanical Description

Distribution

The Habitat and Growth Habit

Acknowledgments

Reference

9 Annual Self-Incompatible Species

The Species of the Cymosum Group Which Belong to the Category of Annual and Self-Incompatible Species

Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale

Fagopyrum wenchuanense

The Wild Species of the Urophyllum Group Which Belong to the Category of Annual and Self-Incompatible Species

Fagopyrum lineare

Fagopyrum jinshaense

Fagopyrum gracilipedoides

Fagopyrum capillatum

Fagopyrum leptopodum

Fagopyrum gilesii

Acknowledgments

References

10 Annual Self-Compatible Species

Annual Self-Compatible Species in the Cymosum Group

Fagopyrum tataricum ssp. potanini, the Wild Ancestor of Cultivated Tartary Buckwheat

Fagopyrum homotropicum, the Wild Self-Fertile Species, Morphologically Similar to Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale

Self-Fertile Species of the Urophyllum Group

Fagopyrum gracilipes

Fagopyrum rubifolium

Fagopyrum crispatifolium

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

11 Annual Partially Self-Fertile Species

Fagopyrum pleioramosum

Fagopyrum macrocarpum

Fagopyrum callianthum

Fagopyrum pugense

Fagopyrum qiangcai

Fagopyrum luojishanense

Acknowledgments

References

12 Useful Genetic Resources Among the Wild Species of Buckwheat

Introduction

Classification of the Wild Fagopyrum Species

Useful Genetic Germplasm Among the Wild Species in the Cymosum Group

Fagopyrum esculentum ssp. ancestrale

F. tataricum ssp. potanini, the Wild Ancestor of Cultivated Tartary Buckwheat

Fagopyrum homotropicum, the Wild Self-Fertile Species

Fagopyrum cymosum, Wild Perennial Buckwheat

Fagopyrum cymosum ssp. pillus=Fagopyrum pillus Chen

Fagopyrum cymosum Tetraploid Form in China and Fagopyrum dibotris Hara in the Himalayan Hills

Genetic Resources Among the Species in the Uropyllum Group

Fagopyrum urophyllum and associated species, Fagopyrum lineare and Fagopyrum jinshaense

2x–4x complex of Fagopyrum capillatum and of Fagopyrum gracilipedoides

Fagopyrum statice–Fagopyrum leptopodum complex

Three new species in the upper Min river valley

The Newly Found Species by Chinese Scientists

References

Further Reading

13 Utilization of Wild Buckwheat Species

The Nutritional Values

The Protein Contents

The Contents and Compositions of Amino Acids

The Minerals and Vitamins

The Main Phytochemical Composition and Pharmacological Functions

The Contents of Flavonoids and Its Main Compositions

Phenolics

Triterpenoids

Other Compounds

The Pharmacological Functions

Reasonable Use of Wild Buckwheats

Health Foods and Drinks

Medical Value

Feeding Value

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

14 Buckwheat Genetic Resources in Central Europe

Introduction

The Purpose of Collecting and the Methods of Conserving Buckwheat Genetic Resources in Europe

Reasons for Collecting Slovenian Populations of Common and Tartary Buckwheat and Tasks of the Gene Bank

Determining Germination of Stored Accessions

Multiplication of Accessions

Describing the Accessions Through Descriptors

Evaluation of the Data Collected on Accessions

Conclusion

Acknowledgment

References

15 Existing Variability and Future Prospects of Buckwheat Germplasm in the Indian Himalayan Tract

Introduction

Distribution

Diagnostic Characteristics

Diversity

Morphology and Growth Parameters

Cytological Variability

Physiochemical and Molecular Variability

Susceptibility to Diseases

Germplasm Conservation and Varietal Improvement

Future Prospects

Acknowledgments

References

Further Reading

16 Screening of Common Buckwheat Genetic Resources for Recessive Genes

Introduction

Recessive Genes in the Population

Recessive Genes Affecting Starch Synthesis, A Case Study

Self-Fertilization in Buckwheat Population, A Case Study

A Recessive Gene Affecting Determinate Buckwheat Growth Habit, A Case Study

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

References

17 Genetic Polymorphism of Common Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.), Formed from Evolutionary Mutation Reserv...

Introduction

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusions

References

Further Reading

18 Cultivation of Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum esculentum in Order to Obtain Raw Material with High Rutin Conten...

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results and Discussion

Conclusion

References

19 Bioactive Compounds and Their Biofunctional Properties of Different Buckwheat Germplasms for Food Processing

Nutritional Components

Elements

Phenolic Compounds of Buckwheat Extracts

Buckwheat for Food Processing

Buckwheat Flour

Doughs and Pastries

Nonbakery Products

Perspectives and Conclusions

References

Further Reading

20 Rutin Content Assessment of Tartary Buckwheat Germplasm Cultivated in Italy

Introduction

Buckwheat Varieties and Growing Conditions

Grain Rutin Content

References

21 Correlation Between Grain Yield and Rutin Content in Common Buckwheat Germplasm Cultivated in Southern Italy

Introduction

Buckwheat Varieties

Grain Yield

Grain Rutin Content

Relationship Between Grain Yield Potential and Rutin Content of the Grain

References

22 Buckwheat Resources in the VIR (Russia) Collection: The Photoperiod Response

Introduction

Some Details of the Experiment

Polymorphism for Photoperiodic Response Among the Collection Accessions

On the Inheritance of Photoperiodic Sensitivity

Photoperiodic Sensitivity and Morphological Characters of Plants

Conclusion

References

23 Main Morphological Types of Cultivated Buckwheat Populations in Russia

Introduction

Varieties of Traditional Type

Varieties of Krasnostreletskiy Type

Varieties With Limited Secondary Branching

Varieties With Determinate Growth Habit (DET)

Conclusion

References

Further Reading

24 Interspecific Crosses Between Fagopyrum cymosum and Other Species Through Embryo Culture Techniques

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Results

Discussion

References

25 Cell Cultures of Fagopyrum tataricum as a Source of Biologically Active Phenolic Compounds

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Cell Culture

Preparation of Methanolic Extracts

HPLC

Results

Discussion

References

26 Molecular Genetics of Buckwheat and Its Role in Crop Improvement

Introduction

Importance of Buckwheat in the Present Scenario

Major Drawbacks

Different Methods Adopted for Crop Improvement of Buckwheat

Marker Systems Adopted for Elucidating Genetics of Buckwheat

Marker Assisted Selection and Their Role in Genetic Improvement of Buckwheat

Role of NGS in Molecular Genetic Studies of Buckwheat

Future Strategies and Prospects

References

27 Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum spp.) and Its Application in Genome Evolution and...

Introduction

Comparative Analysis of Chloroplast Genome

Divergence Hotspot

Divergence of Coding Gene Sequence

Distribution of Tandem Repeats

Evolution of Fagopyrum tataricum and Fagopyrum esculentum

Validation of InDel Markers in Buckwheat Germplasm

Application of InDel Markers to Identify the Trace Amounts in Processed Food

References

28 Distribution of Amino Acids in Buckwheat

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Extraction of Free Amino Acids (FAA)

FAA Analysis

Results and Discussion

General Features of Amino Acids

Comparison of CB and TB

Free Amino Acid Composition in 2 Buckwheat Species

References

29 Inheritance of Self-Compatibility in a Buckwheat Hybrid

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Plant Materials

Ovule Culture

Genetic Analysis

Seed Protein Analysis

Results and Discussion

References

30 Analysis of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.) Landraces of Kore...

Introduction

Materials and Methods

Plant Materials and DNA Extraction

Assess of Microsatellite Markers

Data Analyses of Genetic Diversity and Population Structure

Results and Discussion

Profile of Microsatellite Markers

Genetic Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships

Population Structure

Acknowledgment

References

31 Applications of Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology in Buckwheat

Introduction

In Vitro Plant Regeneration

Plant Transformation and Biotechnology

In Vitro Hairy Root Culture for Bioactive Compound Production

Conclusion

References

Further Reading

Index

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