Chapter
1.4.2 Applications of Immunoassays
1.4.3 Applications of Cell‐Based Assays
Chapter 2 Fundamental Concepts and Physics in Microfluidics
2.2 Basic Concepts of Liquids and Gases
2.2.1 Mean Free Path (λ) in Fluids among Molecular Collisions
2.2.2 Viscosity (μ) of Fluids
2.2.3 Mass Diffusivity (D)
2.2.4 Heat (Thermal) Capacity
2.3 Mass and Heat Transfer Principles for Fluid
2.3.1 Basic Fluidic Concepts and Law for Mass and Heat Transfer
2.3.1.1 Pascal's Law and Laplace's Law
2.3.1.2 Mass Conservation Principle (Continuity Equation)
2.3.1.3 Energy Conservation (Bernoulli's Equation)
2.3.1.5 Velocity Profile of Laminar Flow in a Circular Tube
2.3.2 Important Dimensionless Numbers in Fluid Physics
2.3.3 Other Dimensionless Numbers in Fluids
2.3.5 Conversion Equation Based on Navier–Stokes Equations
2.3.5.1 Conservation of Mass Equation
2.3.5.2 Conservation of Momentum Equation (Navier–Stokes Equation)
2.3.5.3 Conservation of Energy Equation
2.4 Surfaces and Interfaces in Microfluidics
2.4.1 Surface/Interface and Surface Tension
2.4.2 Surface‐/Interface‐Induced Bubble Formation
2.4.3 Effect of Surfactants on the Surface/Interface Energy for Wetting
2.4.4 Features of Surface and Interface in Microfluidics
2.4.5 Capillary Effects in Microfluidic Devices
2.4.6 Droplet Formation in Microfluidics
2.5 Development of Driving Forces for Microfluidic Processes
2.5.1 Fundamental in Electrokinetic Methods for Microfluidics
2.5.2 Basic Principles of Magnetic Field‐Coupled Microfluidic Process
2.5.3 Basic Principles in Optofluidic Processes for Microfluidics
2.6 Construction Materials Considerations
Chapter 3 Microfluidics Devices: Fabrication and Surface Modification
3.2 Microfluidics Device Fabrication
3.2.1 Silicon and Glass Fabrication Process
3.2.2 Polymer Fabrication Process
3.2.2.5 Surface Treatment
3.2.3 Fabrication for Emerging Microfluidics Devices
3.3 Surface Modification in Microfluidics Fabrication
3.3.2 Surface Modification Using Surfactant
3.3.3 Surface Modification with Grafting Polymers
3.3.3.1 Surface Photo‐Grafting Polymerization
3.3.3.2 Surface‐Initiated Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (SI‐ATRP)
3.3.3.3 Grafting‐to Technique
3.3.4 Nanomaterials for Bulk Modification of Polymers
3.4 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 4 Numerical Simulation in Microfluidics and the Introduction of the Related Software
4.2 Numerical Simulation Models in Microfluidics
4.2.1 Molecular Dynamics (MD)
4.2.2 The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) Method
4.2.3 The Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD)
4.2.4 Continuum Method (CM)
4.2.5 The Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM)
4.2.6 Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
4.3 Numerical Simulation Software in Microfluidics
4.3.1 CFD‐ACE+ Software: Microfluidics Applications
4.3.2 CFX Software: Microfluidics Applications
4.3.3 FLOW‐3D Software: Microfluidics Applications
4.3.4 Other Software: Microfluidics Applications
Chapter 5 Digital Microfluidic Systems: Fundamentals, Configurations, Techniques, and Applications
5.1 Introduction to Microfluidic Systems
5.2 Types of Digital Microfluidic Systems
5.3 DMF Chip Fabrication Techniques
5.4 Different Electrode Configurations in DMF Systems
5.5 Digital Microfluidic Working Principle
5.5.1 Electromechanical and Energy‐Based Models
5.6 Electrical Signals Used and Their Effect on the DMF Operations
5.6.1 Types of the Signals Used in Actuation
5.6.2 The Effect of Changing the Frequency
5.7 Droplet Metering and Dispensing Techniques in DMF Systems
5.8 The Effect of the Gap Height between the Top Plate and the Bottom Plate in DMF Systems
5.9 Modeling and Controlling Droplet Operations in DMF Systems
5.9.1 Feedback Control in DMF Systems
5.9.2 Droplet Sensing Techniques in DMF Systems
5.9.3 Droplet Routing in DMF Systems
5.9.4 Controlling and Addressing the Signals in DMF Systems
5.10 Prospects of Portability in DMF Platforms
5.11 Examples for Chemical and Biological Applications Performed on the DMF Platform
Chapter 6 Microfluidics for Chemical Analysis
6.2 Microfluidics for Electrochemical Analysis
6.2.1 Voltammetric Analysis
6.2.2 Amperometric Protocol
6.2.3 Potentiometric Protocol
6.2.4 Conductivity Protocol
6.3 Advanced Microfluidic Methodologies for Electrochemical Analysis
6.3.1 The Rotating Microdroplet
6.3.2 The Microjet Electrode
6.4 Numerical Modeling of Electrochemical Microfluidic Technologies
Chapter 7 Microfluidic Devices for the Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)
7.2 Affinity‐Based Enrichment of CTCs
7.2.2 Geometrically Enhanced Differential Immunocapture (GEDI)
7.2.3 Herringbone (HB)‐Chip
7.2.5 High‐Throughput Microsampling Unit (HTMSU)
7.2.7 NanoVelcro Rare Cell Assays
7.2.9 CTC Subpopulation Sorting
7.3 Nonaffinity‐Based Enrichment of CTCs
7.3.1 Microfluidic Filtration
7.3.2.1 Deterministic Lateral Displacement (DLD)
7.3.2.2 Microfluidic Spiral Separation
7.3.2.4 Multiorifice Flow Fractionation (MOFF)
7.3.3 Dielectrophoresis and Acoustophoresis
7.4 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 8 Microfluidics for Disease Diagnosis
8.2.1 Secreted Proteins in Biological Fluids
8.3 Nucleic Acid Analysis
Chapter 9 Gene Expression Analysis on Microfluidic Device
9.2 Analysis Cell Population Gene Expression on Chip
9.2.1 Nucleic Acid Analysis
9.2.2 Protein Level Analysis of Gene Expression
9.3 Single‐Cell Gene Expression Profiling
9.3.1 Imaging‐Based Single‐Cell Analysis on Microfluidics
9.3.2 Microfluidic Methods to Single‐Cell Nucleic Acid Analysis
9.3.3 Next‐Generation Sequencing Platforms Based on Miniaturized Systems
Chapter 10 Computational Microfluidics Applied to Drug Delivery in Pulmonary and Arterial Systems
10.2.1 Governing Equations
10.2.3 Turbulence Modeling
10.2.4 Fluid–Particle Dynamics Modeling
10.2.5 Ferrofluid Dynamics
10.2.6 Nonspherical Particle Dynamics
10.2.7 Flow through Porous Media
10.2.8 Fluid–Structure Interaction
10.3 Pulmonary Drug Delivery
10.3.1 Inhalers and Drug–Aerosol Transport
10.3.2 Drug–Aerosol Dynamics
10.3.3 Methodologies and Design Aspects for Direct Drug Delivery
10.3.3.1 Smart Inhaler System Methodology
10.3.3.2 Enhanced Deeper Lung Delivery of Drug Aerosols via Condensational Growth
10.3.3.3 Shape Engineering for Novel Drug Carriers
10.3.3.4 Multifunctional Nanoparticles
10.3.3.5 Particle Absorption and Translocation
10.4 Intravascular Drug Delivery
10.4.1 Nanoparticle‐Based Targeted Drug Delivery
10.4.2 Catheter‐Based Intravascular Drug Delivery
10.4.2.1 Particle Hemodynamics
10.4.2.2 Tissue Heat and Mass Transfer
10.4.3 Magnetic Drug Delivery
10.4.4 Direct Drug Delivery
10.5 Conclusions and Future Work
Chapter 11 Microfluidic Synthesis of Organics
11.2 Microfluidic Nebulator for Organic Synthesis
11.3 Coiled Tubing Microreactor for Organic Synthesis
11.4 Chip‐Based Microfluidic Reactor for Organic Synthesis
11.5 Packed‐Bed Microreactors for Organic Synthesis
11.6 Ring‐Shaped (Tube‐in‐Tube) Microfluidic Reactor for Organic Synthesis
Chapter 12 Microfluidic Approaches for Designing Multifunctional Polymeric Microparticles from Simple Emulsions to Complex Particles
12.2 Flow Regimes in Microfluidics: Dripping, Jetting, and Coflowing
12.2.1 Dimensionless Numbers
12.2.2 T‐Junction Microfluidics
12.2.3 Flow‐Focusing Microfluidics
12.2.4 Coflowing Microfluidics
12.3 Design of Multifunctional Microparticles from Emulsions
12.3.1 Microfluidic Approaches with Control of the Hydrodynamic Parameters
12.3.2 Microfluidic Approaches with Phase Separation
12.3.3 Microfluidic Approaches with Spreading Coefficients
12.4 Conclusions and Outlooks
Chapter 13 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanomaterials
13.2 Synthesis of Magnetic Nanomaterials Using Microreactors
13.2.1 Magnetic Iron Oxide‐Based Nanomaterials
13.2.2 Synthesis of Metallic and Magnetic Nanomaterials
13.2.3 Synthesis of Core–Shell Magnetic Nanomaterials
Chapter 14 Microfluidic Synthesis of Metallic Nanomaterials
14.2 Microfluidic Processes for Metallic Nanomaterial Synthesis
14.3 Crystal Structure‐Controlled Synthesis of Metallic Nanocrystals
14.4 Size‐ and Shape‐Controlled Synthesis of Metallic Nanocrystals
14.5 Multi‐Hierarchical Microstructure‐ and Composition‐Controlled Synthesis of Metallic Nanocrystals
Chapter 15 Microfluidic Synthesis of Composites
15.2 Microfluidic Synthesis Systems and the Design Principles
15.3 The Formation Mechanism of Composites
15.4 Microfluidic Synthesis of Composites
15.4.1 Composites Composed of Nonmetal Inorganics
15.4.1.1 Microfluidic Synthesis of Oxide‐Coated Multifunctional Composites
15.4.1.2 Microfluidic Synthesis of Semiconductor–Semiconductor Composites
15.4.2 Composites Composed of Metal and Nonmetal Inorganics
15.4.2.1 Microfluidic Synthesis of Dielectric–Plasmonic Composites
15.4.2.2 Microfluidic Synthesis of Plasmonic–Semiconductor Composites
15.4.2.3 Microfluidic Synthesis of Carbon‐Supported Composites
15.4.3 Composites Composed of Polymers and Metals
15.4.4 Composites Composed of Metal or Metal Alloy Materials
15.4.5 Composites Composed of Polymer and Organic Molecular
15.4.6 Composites Composed of Two or More Polymers
15.4.7 Microfluidic Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
15.5 Summary and Perspectives
Chapter 16 Microfluidic Synthesis of MOFs and MOF‐Based Membranes
16.1 Microfluidic Synthesis of Metal–Organic Frameworks (MOFs)
16.1.1 Zeolite Background
16.1.2 Microfluidic MOF Synthesis
16.2 Microfluidic Synthesis of MOF‐Based Membranes
16.2.2 MOF Membranes by Microfluidics
16.2.3 Inorganic versus Polymeric Supports: Intensification of Processes
16.2.4 Support Influence on MOF Synthesis Method
16.2.5 Advantages of Inner MOF Growth
16.3 Conclusions and Outlook
Chapter 17 Perspective for Microfluidics
17.1 Design, Fabrication, and Assemble of Microfluidic Systems
17.2 Precise Control of Critical Device Features for Chemical Analysis and Biomedical Engineering
17.3 Control of Critical Kinetic Parameters for Chemical and Materials Synthesis
17.4 Development of Fundamental Theory at Micro‐/Nanoscale and Fluid Mechanism at Nanoliter–Picoliter for Microfluidic Systems
Microfluidics
：Fundamentals, Devices, and Applications
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