Description
With the mass-marketed introduction of fluoride in toothpaste in the 1950s, toothbrushing with paste became indispensable for good oral health. Both the industry and the dental profession had a shared interest in advocating the widespread correct use of good quality toothpaste. This publication starts with a general introduction on the purpose, history and composition of toothpaste. The following chapters deal with the clinical evidence of its effectiveness in caries prevention, reducing and preventing plaque, gin-givitis, halitosis, and calculus formation, facilitating removal and prevention of extrinsic stain, and preventing dentine hypersensitivity and erosion. Later chapters provide valuable information on the abrasiveness of the pastes, the substantivity of active ingredients in the oral cavity and the possible models to study the effectiveness of the pastes when full-scale clinical trials are not possible. The final chapter focuses on the frequency of toothbrushing and post-brushing rinsing behavior. The book provides indispensable information for dentists, dental students and community dental programs on whether toothpastes can be recommended to patients for specific aims and how to use them to obtain the best effect.
Chapter
An Introduction to Toothpaste – Its Purpose, History and Ingredients
Toothpaste Ingredients and Delivery Formats
Safety Issues Relating to Toothpaste Ingredients
Toothpastes – A Missed Opportunity?
Fluorides and Non-Fluoride Remineralization Systems
Caries and Mechanisms of Fluoride Control
Non-Fluoride Remineralization Systems
Antiplaque and Antigingivitis Toothpastes
Composition of Toothpastes
Mechanisms of Action and Classification of the Active Ingredients
Evaluation of the Plaque Inhibitory and Antiplaque Activity of Toothpastes
Safety and Adverse Effects
Interactions between Toothpaste Ingredients
Indications of Toothpastes with Plaque Inhibitory and/or Antiplaque Activity
The Role of Toothpastes in Oral Malodor Management
Toothpastes in the Management of Oral Malodor
Anti-Calculus and Whitening Toothpastes
The Role of Toothpaste in the Aetiology and Treatment of Dentine Hypersensitivity
Overview of Dentine Hypersensitivity
Aetiology of Dentine Hypersensitivity: The Possible Role of Toothbrushing and Toothpaste
Management of Dentine Hypersensitivity: Toothpaste in Primary and Secondary Prevention
Toothpaste in the Treatment of Dentine Hypersensitivity
Erosion and the Dental Hard Tissues
Effects of Toothpastes on Eroded Dental Hard Tissues – The Role of Active Ingredients
Effect of Abrasives in Toothpastes on Eroded Dental Hard Tissues
Abrasivity Testing of Dentifrices – Challenges and Current State of the Art
Laboratory and Human Studies to Estimate Anticaries Efficacy of Fluoride Toothpastes
Fluoride Toothpastes: Mechanism of Action
Fluoride Bioavailability from Toothpastes
Modeling the Anticaries Effect of Fluoride Toothpastes
Particularities of Laboratory and Human Models to Estimate the Anticaries Efficacy of Fluoride Toothpastes
Pharmacokinetics in the Oral Cavity: Fluoride and Other Active Ingredients
Modes of Action of Fluoride
Fluoride – Summary and Implications for Anti-Caries Efficacy
Anti-Plaque Agents – Summary and Implications
After-Brush Rinsing Protocols, Frequency of Toothpaste Use: Fluoride and Other Active Ingredients
Frequency of Toothbrushing
Rinsing with Water after Brushing
After-Brushing Rinsing with Mouthrinse
Recommendations on Post-Brushing Rinsing