Cover

Front Matter

Contents

Preface

Mechanisms of Functional Recovery after Stroke

Abstract

The Impact of Stroke

Structural Bases of Functional Recovery

Functional Cortical Reorganization

Pharmacologic Options Targeting Functional Improvement

Nonpharmacologic Therapeutic Options

Acknowledgements

References

Diagnostic Approach to Functional Recovery: Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging after Stroke

Abstract

Background

What Is Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging?

How Can Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Be Used to Assess Brain Function after Stroke?

Feasibility of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in a Clinical Post-Stroke Setting

Network Reorganization after Stroke

Assessment of Brain Reorganization after Stroke

Predicting Recovery Based on Early Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Mapping Treatment-Induced Functional Reorganization

Methodological Considerations

Summary and Outlook

Acknowledgement

References

Diagnostic Approach to Functional Recovery: Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Tractography

Abstract

Imaging White Matter Damages

Current Clinical Applications

Future Methodological Challenges and Clinical Applications

Conclusion

References

Compensatory Contribution of the Contralateral Pyramidal Tract after Experimental Cerebral Ischemia

Abstract

Contribution of the Area Contralateral to the Stroke Lesion: A Human Case and Animal Models

Acute Phase Remodeling Achieves Compensation: The Case of the Area Contralateral to the Lesion

Correlation of Rehabilitation: Acute Is Best?

References

Compensatory Contribution of the Contralateral Pyramidal Tract after Stroke

Abstract

Role and Plasticity of the Pyramidal Tract

Preserved Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract Function Is a Plausible Mechanism of Motor Recovery after Stroke

Role of the Ipsilateral Corticospinal Tract in Patients with Motor Recovery after Stroke

Conclusion

References

Regeneration of Neuronal Cells following Cerebral Injury

Abstract

Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Endothelial Progenitor Cells

Very Small Embryonic-Like Stem Cells

Conclusion

Acknowledgement

References

Translational Challenge for Bone Marrow Stroma Cell Therapy after Stroke

Abstract

Basic Aspects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation

Translational Aspects of Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Transplantation

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

References

Experimental Evidence and Early Translational Steps Using Bone Marrow Derived Stem Cells after Human Stroke

Abstract

Neuronal Regeneration Is Activated after Cerebral Ischemia

Angiogenesis Is Essential for the Survival of Injury-Induced Neuronal Stem Cells

Cell-Based Therapy to Enhance Neurogenesis in Ischemic Brain

Clinical Trials to Enhance Neurogenesis in Patients after Stroke

Future Cell-Based Therapy for Prevention of Cerebrovascular Diseases

Conclusion

References

Therapeutic Drug Approach to Stimulate Clinical Recovery after Brain Injury

Abstract

Mechanisms Underlying Clinical Recovery

Genetic Variability

Plasticity

Regeneration

Stimulating Plasticity by Neuropharmaceuticals

Signaling Molecules

Stimulating Regeneration by Neuropharmaceuticals

Neutralizing Axonal Growth Inhibitors

References

Rehabilitation and Plasticity

Abstract

Mechanisms of Training

Therapeutic Principles

Evidence in Neurorehabilitation

References

A Brain-Computer Interface to Support Functional Recovery

Abstract

Running a Brain-Computer Interface

Use for Disabled People

Our Brain-Computer Interface Efforts

References

Novel Methods to Study Aphasia Recovery after Stroke

Abstract

Shaping Language-Related Neural Processing with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

Shaping Language-Related Neural Processing with Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation

Right-Hemisphere Contributions to Language Processing in the Healthy Brain

Reorganization of Language Networks after Stroke – Evidence from Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Studies

A Hierarchical Model of Aphasia Recovery after Stroke

Conclusions and Future Directions

References

Role of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Stroke Rehabilitation

Abstract

Principles of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Biological Aspects

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Modifies Sensorimotor and Cognitive Recovery

Conclusion

References

Influence of Therapeutic Hypothermia on Regeneration after Cerebral Ischemia

Abstract

Hypothermia and Regeneration in Experimental Models

Conclusion and Future Perspectives

References

High Voltage Electric Potentials to Enhance Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in the Brain

Abstract

Experimental Procedure and Treatment Protocol

Results

Discussion

Acknowledgments

References

Prevention of Post-Stroke Disuse Muscle Atrophy with a Free Radical Scavenger

Abstract

Muscle Changes with Ageing

Immobilization and Disuse Muscle Atrophy

Mechanisms of Disuse Atrophy

Long-Term Free Radical Scavenger Improves Functional Outcome of Stroke

Prevention of Muscle Atrophy with a Free Radical Scavenger

Conclusions

References

Author Index

Subject Index

Cover