Description
Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is well known to be a prodromal syndrome of ischemic stroke. However, TIA is easily neglected or underestimated by patients or even general physicians because the symptoms naturally disappear without treatment. Despite this, early after the onset of TIA the patients are at very high risk of stroke. As it is not possible to differentiate TIA from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) only by the duration of symptoms, both TIA and AIS should be recognized on the same spectrum of acute ischemic syndrome in the central nervous system. This book presents the new concept ‘acute cerebrovascular syndrome’ (ACVS), which includes both TIA in acute settings and AIS. The publication covers all topics of TIA in ACVS, which includes the definition, concept, etiology, epidemiology, symptomatology, risk scores, neuroimaging, neurosonology, acute management, primary and secondary prevention, and guidelines. Written by leading international experts in the field, the publication presents valuable and essential information for neurologists, general practitioners, neurosurgeons, radiologists, students, and nurses, in both clinical practice and research.
Chapter
History of Transient Ischemic Attack Definition
Current Impact of the Modern TIA Definition
The Concept of Acute Cerebrovascular Syndrome
Importance and Definition of Transient Ischemic Attack
New Concept of Acute Cerebral Ischemia
Transient Ischemic Attack as Acute Cerebrovascular Syndrome
Transient Ischemic Attack as a Medical Emergency
Urgency: Short-Term Risk of Transient Ischemic Attack
Key Points of Risk Stratification at First Visit
Hospitalization: Transient Ischemic Attack Management Policy
Importance of Awareness of Transient Ischemic Attack
TIA Clinic: A Major Advance in Management of Transient Ischemic Attacks
What Is the Optimum Provision of Care in TIA Clinics?
What Is the Ideal Setup for TIA Clinic?
Preadmission Triage for TIA Clinic Appointment
Are TIA Clinics Cost-Effective?
Risk Scores for Transient Ischemic Attack
Risk of Recurrent Stroke after Transient Ischemic Attack
First Long-Term Approaches: Stroke Prognosis Instrument I/II and Hankey Score, etc.
More Recent Short-Time Approaches: California Risk Score, ABCD System and Its Developments
Prediction of a First Transient Ischemic Attack/Stroke
Epidemiological Studies and Scores
Epidemiology of Transient Ischemic Attack
Prevalence and Incidence of Transient Ischemic Attack
Symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack
The Risk Factors for Transient Ischemic Attack
Prognosis of Stroke Events after Onset of Transient Ischemic Attack
Diurnal and Seasonal Variations in Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack Incidence
Symptoms of Transient Ischemic Attack
Transient Ischemic Attack Symptoms
Transient Ischemic Attack Mimics
Specificity of Transient Ischemic Attack Symptoms and Outcome
Recognition of Transient Ischemic Attack Symptoms
Guidelines for Management of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack
Representative Guidelines for the Management of Transient Ischemic Attack
Risk Stratification for Referral to a Specialized Hospital
Initial Management and Estimations
Radiological Examinations of Transient Ischemic Attack
Imaging an Ischemic Lesion
Neurosonological Examinations of Transient Ischemic Attack
Cervical Duplex Ultrasonography
Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex
Extracranial Carotid Stenosis
Stenosis of Cervical Vertebral Arteries and Subclavian Steal Syndrome
Transcranial Doppler in Intracranial Stenosis
Right-to-Left Shunt Detection
Fast-Track Cerebrovascular Ultrasonography in Acute Cerebrovascular Ischemia
Stroke Subtypes and Interventional Studies for Transient Ischemic Attack
Acute Management of Patients with Transient Ischemic Attack Independently of Stroke Subtype
Large Artery Atherosclerotic Disease
Antithrombotic Therapy in Transient Ischemic Attack Patients
TIA as Acute Cerebrovascular Syndrome
( Frontiers of Neurology and Neuroscience )
Disclaimer: Any content in publications that violate the sovereignty, the constitution or regulations of the PRC is not accepted or approved by CNPIEC.
