Description
The increasing recognition of concussion and its associated consequences has focused international attention on mild traumatic brain injury. The need for early diagnosis, evaluation, and management has expanded dramatically. This volume includes the experience of leading experts who describe the recent advances in the pathophysiology, biomechanics, imaging definition, and management of concussion. Advanced imaging and electrophysiological techniques are being used to help delineate the underlying metabolic and ultrastructural effects of concussive injuries. Papers in this volume review the role of emerging techniques including fMRI, SPECT, PET, DTI, MRS, and MEG, as well as report on multimodality concussion management programs which offer guidelines for selecting relevant team members, assessing community needs, and implementing management strategies that align with current practice standards. This publication provides neurosurgeons, neurologists, trauma and sports medicine specialists, physiatrists, neuropsychologists, and neuroscientists with a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of the causes of mild traumatic brain injury or concussion, newer methods to evaluate it, and current and evolving multimodality management strategies.
Chapter
ImPACT TM (Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Testing)
NFL Concussion Management Advancements
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
The Pathophysiology of Traumatic Brain Injury
Concussion: Politics, Media, and Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
The Treatment of Postconcussion Syndrome
Biomechanics of Concussion
Biomechanics of Traumatic Brain Injury
Rotational Acceleration Magnitude- and Duration-Based Injury Tolerance
Scaling Animals to Humans
Biomechanics of Blast-Induced Concussion
Long-Term Risks from Repetitive Concussion
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
The Neurophysiology of Concussion
Excitatory Neurotransmitters and Ionic Flux following Concussion
The Metabolic Cascade and Corresponding Vulnerability
Evidence of a Postconcussive Vulnerable Brain
Evidence of Neurochemical and Metabolic Cascade in Human Concussion
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Definition of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Posttraumatic Encephalopathy versus Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Symptomatology and Clinimetrics
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Neuropathologic Changes
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy Pathogenesis and Neurobiology
Cumulative Effects of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Clinical Effects of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Pathophysiology of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Advancing Recognition of Repetitive Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Development of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: Potential Role for Imaging in Diagnosis
Understanding Concussive Injuries Using Investigational Imaging Methods
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Single-Photon Emission Tomography and Positron Emission Tomography
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Neurometabolic, Electrophysiological, and Imaging Abnormalities
Microstructural Alterations
Detection of White Matter Injury in Concussion Using High-Definition Fiber Tractography
Magnetoencephalography in the Diagnosis of Concussion
Basic Principles of Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography Forward and Inverse Modeling
Clinical Applications of Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography in Epilepsy
Mapping of Eloquent Cortex Using Magnetoencephalography
Determination of Hemispheric Language Dominance Using Magnetoencephalography
Biomedical Research Applications of Magnetoencephalography
Concussions and Conventional Brain Imaging
Concussions and Magnetoencephalography
Evidence-Based Management of Sport-Related Concussion
Evidence-Based Concussion Evaluation and Management
Graduated Exertion and Return to Play
In-Office Management of Sport-Related Concussion
Establishing a Clinical Team
Vestibular/Ocular-Motor Screening
Neurocognitive Assessment
Treating Prolonged Symptoms of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: Neuropharmacology
Rehabilitation from Postconcussion Syndrome: Nonpharmacological Treatment
Nonpharmacological Treatment of Postconcussion Symptoms
Acute Recovery Period: Education, Reassurance, and Symptomatic Treatment
Other Factors Underlying Persistent Symptoms after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Management of Concussion in the Professional Football Player
A Brief History of the NFL Concussion Program
From a NFL Athletic Trainer Perspective (C.H.)
From a Sports Neuropsychologist’s Perspective (E.M.P.)
Developing an Interdisciplinary Community-Based Sports Concussion Management Program
Key Components to Program Establishment
Developing and Implementing Management Practices for Concussed Athletes
Concussion Program Accessibility: Catering to Athletes’ Unique Needs
The Multidisciplinary Concussion Management Program
Foundations of Multidisciplinary Management
Postinjury Management: Initial Evaluation and Diagnosis
Postinjury Management: Subacute to Chronic Concussion Management
Emerging Techniques and Future Development
Vulnerability in Speed of Visuomotor Ability
Study 1: Shuttleworth-Edwards et al., 2004 [14]
Study 2: Shuttleworth-Edwards and Radloff, 2008 [15]
Study 3: Shuttleworth-Edwards et al., 2014 [16]
Detecting Eye Movement Abnormalities from Concussion
Eye Movement and Eye Movement Recording
Predictive Visual Tracking
Performance Assessment of Circular Visual Tracking
Neurodegenerative Changes after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Links between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Dementia
Imaging Similarities between Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurodegenerative Diseases
Future Directions in Brain Injury Research
Concussion
( Progress in Neurological Surgery )
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