Cover

Contents

Preface

Foreword

Contributors

Connecting Age-Related Biological Decline to Frailty and Late-Life Vulnerability

Abstract

Introduction

Frailty Conceptualization

Frailty Measurement

The Biology That Underlies Frailty

Disease States and Frailty

Physiological System Dysregulation and Frailty

Age-Related Cellular and Molecular Changes and Frailty

Disclosure Statement

References

Cellular Senescence and the Biology of Aging, Disease, and Frailty

Abstract

Introduction

Cellular Senescence, the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype, and Aging

Cellular Senescence and Age-Related Disease and Frailty

Interventions Targeting Senescent Cells and the Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype

Conclusions

Acknowledgments

Disclosure Statement

References

The Role of Genome Instability in Frailty: Mitochondria versus Nucleus

Abstract

Introduction

Cellular and Mitochondrial Mechanisms of Nuclear Genome Instability

Mitochondrial Quality Control and Nuclear Genome Stability

Concluding Remarks

Acknowledgments

Disclosure Statement

References

Determinants of Frailty and Longevity: Are They the Same Ones?

Abstract

Introduction

Longevity and Functional Reserve

Disease, Functional Reserve, and Frailty

Longevity and Frailty: Biological Background

Disclosure Statement

References

Psychological Frailty in the Aging Patient

Abstract

Introduction

Frailty

Psychological Frailty

Disclosure Statement

References

Frailty Clinical Phenotype: A Physical and Cognitive Point of View

Abstract

Introduction

Physical Frailty: From Concept to Clinical Practice

Cognitive Frailty: From Concept to Operational Definition

Redefining Frailty: Emerging Definitions

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Disclosure Statement

References

Overlaps between Frailty and Sarcopenia Definitions

Abstract

Sarcopenia, Frailty, and Aging Well

Sarcopenia or Frailty – Which Comes First?

Definition of Sarcopenia versus Frailty

Is There a Clinical Implication of a Distinction between Frailty and Sarcopenia?

Disclosure Statement

References

Recovery after Hip Fracture: Interventions and Their Timing to Address Deficits and Desired Outcomes – Evidence from the Baltimore Hip Studies

Abstract

Introduction

Framework for Research on Hip Fracture Consequences

Overview of the Baltimore Hip Studies

Survival

Physiological Losses after Fracture

Functional Recovery

Intervention Timing

Treatment and Intervention Options

Rehabilitation Programs

Conclusion

Acknowledgments

Disclosure Statement

References

Physical Exercise as Therapy for Frailty

Abstract

Introduction

Aerobic Endurance Training

Progressive Resistance Training

Combined Aerobic and Resistance Training

Effect on Frailty as an Outcome Measure

Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms Underlying Exercise Training

Recommendations and Future Directions

Acknowledgments

Disclosure Statement

References

Frailty in Clinical Practice

Abstract

Introduction

Methodological Issues

The ‘Overdiagnosis’ Issue

The Cost-Effectiveness Issue

Conclusions

Disclosure Statement

References

Integrating Frailty into Clinical Practiceto Prevent the Risk of Dependency in the Elderly

Abstract

Targeting the Frail

The Causes of Frailty

Sustained Interventions

Disclosure Statement

References

A Summary of the Biological Basis of Frailty

Abstract

Introduction

Acknowledgments

Disclosure Statement

References

Subject Index

Cover