Description
Pediatric epidemiology differs substantially from general epidemiology especially when it comes to ethical, developmental and societal aspects. This unique book addresses biological considerations and ethical and legal questions in dealing with pediatric and adolescent populations. Classic topics, such as how to recruit representative samples, how to deal with confounding variables, and how to work with genetic information are the core areas of the book are also in focus. Last but not the least, this volume adds to the current understanding of global trends in occurrence, transmission, and control of epidemic pediatric diseases. This book not only serves as a textbook for epidemiologists, pediatricians, geneticists, and child and public health specialists but is also a key reference for those embarking on pediatric cohort studies and epidemiological studies involving the pediatric population.
Chapter
Ethical Issues in Paediatric Epidemiology
Ethical Questions of Epidemiological Research on Children
The Vulnerability of Children as Probands
Between Health Research and Health Care – Theoretical Basis
(Institutionalised) Children in the View of Science. A Historical Retrospective of a Vulnerable Group of Probands
Good Epidemiological Practice – Ethical Guidelines for Epidemiological Research
Epidemiological Studies of Child Maltreatment: Difficulties and Possibilities
Definitions and Definition Problems
Legislation on Genetic Testing in Different Countries
The United States of America
The Dilemma Associated with Incidental Findings
Incidental Findings and their Influence on Cohort Studies
The Usefulness versus the Risks of Incidental Findings for Participants
Frequency and Medical Relevance of Incidental Findings
Possible Strategy for Dealing with Incidental Findings in Cohort Studies
Challenges and Opportunities in Conducting Research in Developing Countries
Relevance of Research to Maternal and Child Health in Developing Countries
Prioritizing Research Areas and Topics
Translating Evidence into User-Friendly Communication Product
Conclusions and Recommendations
How to Recruit a Representative Sample and How to Look for It?
Ways to Achieve a Representative Gross Sample
Measures to Achieve Representative Response
Assessment of and Adjustment for Representativeness
The Epidemiology of Global Child Health
The Child Survival Revolution
Determinants of Child Health and Survival
Equity in Global Child Health
How to Deal with Proxy-Reports
Quality of the Proxy-Report
Proxy-Reports and Missing Data
Proxy-Reports and Information Bias
Proxy Reports and Confounding
Biology at a Young Age Differs from Biology at Later Ages: Developmental Aspects of Growth and Body Functions in Children and Young Adults
Age Determination in Children
Chronological Age Periods in Children
Gross Anatomy: Organ and Tissue Growth in Children
Longitudinal Growth Patterns
Age-Related Biochemical and Physiological Normative Reference Ranges in Children
Basic Epidemiology, Statistics, and Epidemiology Tools and Methods
Hypothesis Testing and p Values
The Concept of Standardization – What SDS Values Are For
How to Deal with Confounding
Measures of Effect versus Measures of Association
Criteria for a Confounder
Visualization of Confounding Using a DAG
Actions Against Confounding during Data Analysis
Examples of Confounding in Pediatric Epidemiology
Pediatric Epidemiology
( Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine )
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