Description
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a complex syndrome that is prevalent among hospitalized patients. In recent years, occurrence of AKI events has risen due to a growing susceptibility of fragile and elderly subjects and an increase in the use of complex procedures such as cardiovascular surgery and imaging techniques. Exposure to potentially nephrotoxic drugs, such as new chemotherapeutic agents, is also proving to be a cause of AKI. This book summarizes recent advances in various settings. A reappraisal of current definitions and staging classifications for AKI in the literature is followed by a description of new criteria for identifying patients at risk and characterizing early kidney damage by using biomarkers. Other important topics include the sequelae of AKI and AKI in special populations such as children, the elderly, and those with cancer. The effects of AKI and its consequences on healthcare expenditures are also addressed from several perspectives. AKI management requires the cooperation of different specialists to optimize outcomes. This book is thus a perfect tool not only for nephrologists, but for every specialist involved in the complicated endeavor of improving patient care.
Chapter
Acute Kidney Injury: Diagnosis and Classification in Adults and Children
AKI Definition and Classification in Adult Patients
Serum Creatinine Criteria for AKI Diagnosis
UO Criteria for AKI Diagnosis
Additional Limitations of KDIGO Criteria for AKI Diagnosis
An Outlook to the Future: AKI Biomarkers and Subclinical AKI
AKI Definition and Classification in Children and Neonates
Acute Kidney Injury Risk Assessment
Quality Measurement and AKI Risk Assessment
The Methodology of Quality Measure in AKI Risk Assessment
Existing Literature of Quality Measure in AKI Risk Assessment
Acute Kidney Injury Biomarkers: What Do They Tell Us?
SCr and Urine Output: The Problems
AKI Biomarkers in the Surgical Patient
Subclinical AKI: Dysfunction or Injury?
Can Biomarkers Be Used to Guide Therapy?
Acute Kidney Injury Recovery
Pathophysiology of AKI Recovery
AKI Recovery Patterns and Outcomes
Acute Kidney Injury to Chronic Kidney Disease Transition
Role of Kidney Resident Cells in AKI to CKD Transition
Chronic Inflammation: A Link between AKI and CKD
Mitochondrial Dysfunction
Epigenetic Changes during AKI
RAS Activation in AKI and CKD
Tissue and Cellular Senescence
Prevention of AKI-to-CKD Transition and Future Clinical Perspectives
Acute Kidney Injury and Big Data
AKI Diagnosis: The Fulcrum of EHR-Enabled Approaches
Clinical Risk Prediction: Pre-AKI State
AKI Alerting: The AKI State
Longitudinal AKI Care: The Post-AKI State
Quality Measures in Acute Kidney Injury Management
Current Quality of AKI Healthcare
Quality Measures in AKI Management
Current Potential Method to Improve Quality of AKI Healthcare
Acute Kidney Injury and Information Technology
Evidence for Electronic Alerts in AKI
One Step Further – Electronic Alerts in Identification of Patients at Risk of AKI
Technology in Medicine: Moving Towards Precision Management of Acute Kidney Injury
Technological Advances and the AKI Diagnosis
Technological Advances and the Acute Renal Replacement Therapy Prescription
Technological Advances in Delivery and Monitoring of ARRT
Technological Advances and ARRT Know-How
The Burden of Acute Kidney Injury and Related Financial Issues
Short-Term Complications of AKI
Pediatric Acute Kidney Injury
AKI Epidemiology and Outcomes
AKI Risk Factors: Kidney Dysfunction with other Underlying Illnesses
AKI Prevention and (Pharmacologic) Therapy
Renal Replacement Therapy
Acute Kidney Injury in Cardiac Surgery
Improving Awareness of CSA-AKI
Tools for Risk Assessment
Electronic Detection of CSA-AKI
Acute Kidney Injury in Cancer Patients
Acute Kidney Injury in the Geriatric Population
Aging and AKI: Epidemiology and Etiologies
Diagnosis of AKI in the Elderly
Therapeutic Issues in AKI
Prognosis of AKI in the Elderly
Prevention of AKI in the Elderly
Acute Kidney Injury - Basic Research and Clinical Practice
( Contributions to Nephrology )
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