Chapter
The Physiology and Mechanism of Growth
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Association between non-cow milk beverage consumption and childhood height
Skeletal effect of casein and whey protein intake during catch-up growth in
young male Sprague-Dawley rats
Progressive decline in height standard deviation scores in the first 5 years of life distinguished idiopathic growth hormone deficiency from familial short stature and constitutional delay of growth
Reference values for IGF-I serum concentrations: comparison of six immunoassays
Endocrine long-term follow-up of children with neurofibromatosis type 1 and
optic pathway glioma
The influence of growth hormone treatment on glucose homeostasis in growth hormone-deficient children: a six-year follow-up study
Growth hormone positive effects on craniofacial complex in Turner syndrome
Pubertal progression and reproductive hormones in healthy girls with transient thelarche
Clinical characterization of patients with autosomal dominant short stature due to aggrecan mutations
Management of endocrine disease: diagnostic and therapeutic approach of tall stature
Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome and Nutrition
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Predictors of infant body composition at 5 months of age: the Healthy Start Study
Targeting sleep, food, and activity in infants for obesity prevention: an RCT
Age at adiposity rebound and body mass index trajectory from early childhood to adolescence; differences by breastfeeding and maternal immigration background
Nutrition of infants and young children (one to three years) and its effect on later health: a systematic review of current recommendations (Early Nutrition project)
Intake of different types of fatty acids in infancy is not associated with growth, adiposity, or cardiometabolic health up to 6 years of age
Associations between dietary fiber intake in infancy and cardiometabolic health at school age: the Generation R study
Predominantly nighttime feeding and weight outcomes in infants
Childhood BMI in relation to microbiota in infancy and lifetime antibiotic use
Associations between school meal-induced dietary changes and metabolic syndrome markers in 8- to 11-year-old Danish children
The effect of vitamin D supplementation on selected inflammatory biomarkers in obese and overweight subjects: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Relation between milk-fat percentage, vitamin D, and BMI z score in early childhood
Vitamin D supplementation trial in infancy: body composition effects at 3 years of age in a prospective follow-up study from Montréal
Developmental differences in the brain response to unhealthy food cues: an fMRI study of children and adults
Brain response to images of food varying in energy density is associated with body composition in 7- to 10-year-old children: results of an exploratory study
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Prevention of vitamin K deficiency bleeding in newborn infants: a position paper by the ESPGHAN Committee on Nutrition
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Effects of infant formula with human milk oligosaccharides on growth and morbidity: a randomized multicenter trial
First infant formula type and risk of islet autoimmunity in The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young (TEDDY) Study
Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome in Australia: a population-based study, 2012–2014
International consensus guidelines for the diagnosis and management of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome: Executive Summary – Workgroup Report of the Adverse Reactions to Foods Committee, American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology
Complementary feeding: a position paper by the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) Committee on Nutrition
Timing of allergenic food introduction to the infant diet and risk of allergic or autoimmune disease. A systematic review and meta-analysis
Complementary feeding at 4 versus 6 months of age for preterm infants born at less than 34 weeks of gestation: a randomised, open-label, multicentre trial
A micronutrient-fortified young-child formula improves the iron and vitamin D status of healthy young European children: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial
Randomized trial of two doses of vitamin D3 in preterm infants <32 weeks: dose impact on achieving desired serum 25(OH)D3 in a NICU population
Follow-up of a randomized trial on post-discharge nutrition in preterm-born children at age 8 years
Supplemental iodide for preterm infants and developmental outcomes at 2 years: an RCT
Effect of increased enteral protein intake on growth in human milk-fed preterm infants: A randomized clinical trial
Two-hourly versus 3-hourly feeding for very low birthweight infants: a randomised controlled trial
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Prenatal supplementation with DHA improves attention at 5 y of age: a randomized controlled trial
Breastfeeding, polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in colostrum and child intelligence quotient at age 5–6 years
Association between maternal intake of n-6 to n-3 fatty acid ratio during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment at 6 months of age: results of the MOCEH cohort study
Docosahexaenoic acid and neurodevelopmental outcomes of term infants
Impact of the n-6:n-3 long-chain PUFA ratio during pregnancy and lactation on offspring neurodevelopment: 5-year follow-up of a randomized controlled trial
Assessing infant cognitive development after prenatal iodine supplementation
Multiple biomarkers of maternal iron predict infant cognitive outcomes
Impact of maternal selenium status on infant outcome during the first 6 months of life
Maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation and other biomedical and socioenvironmental influences on children’s cognition at age 9–12 years in Indonesia: follow-up of the SUMMIT randomised trial
Gut microbiota: a potential regulator of neurodevelopment
The central nervous system and the gut microbiome
Neurodevelopment: the impact of nutrition and inflammation during early to middle childhood in low-resource settings
Assessment of neurodevelopment, nutrition, and inflammation from fetal life to adolescence in low-resource settings
Association between maternal nutritional status in pregnancy and offspring cognitive function during childhood and adolescence: a systematic review
Maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy and intelligence quotients in the offspring at 8 years of age: findings from the ALSPAC cohort
From neuro-pigments to neural efficiency: the relationship between retinal carotenoids and behavioral and neuroelectric indices of cognitive control in childhood
Nutrition and Growth in Chronic Disease
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Growth improvement with adalimumab treatment in children with moderately to severely active Crohn’s disease
Changes in hepcidin and hemoglobin after anti-TNF-alpha therapy in children and adolescents with Crohn’s disease
Correction of iron deficiency anemia with intravenous iron sucrose in children with inflammatory bowel disease
Effects of diagnosis by newborn screening for cystic fibrosis on weight and length in the first year of life
Differences in outcomes between early and late diagnosis of cystic fibrosis in the newborn screening era
Differences between WHO and CDC early growth measurements in the assessment of cystic fibrosis clinical outcomes
Macronutrient intake in preschoolers with cystic fibrosis and the relationship between macronutrients and growth
Celiac disease is associated with reduced bone mineral density and increasedFRAX scores in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination survey
Reduced bone mineral density in children with screening-detected celiac disease
At-risk screened children with Celiac disease are comparable in disease severity and dietary adherence to those found because of clinical suspicion: a large cohort study
Early growth in children with celiac disease: a cohort study
The impact of the elimination diet on growth and nutrient intake in children with food protein induced gastrointestinal allergies
Iodine status and growth in 0- to 2-year-old infants with cow’s milk protein allergy
Association of stimulant medication use with bone mass in children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Early Nutrition and Its Effect on Growth, Body Composition and Later Obesity
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Associations between human breast milk hormones and adipocytokines and infant growth and body composition in the first 6 months of life
Higher leptin but not human milk macronutrient concentration distinguishes normal-weight from obese mothers at 1-month postpartum
Free amino acids in human milk and associations with maternal anthropometry and infant growth
Minerals and trace elements in human breast milk are associated with Guatemalan infant anthropometric outcomes within the first 6 months
Protein intake and dietary glycemic load of 4-year-olds and association with adiposity and serum insulin at 7 years of age: sex-nutrient and nutrientnutrientinteractions
Dietary intake of protein in early childhood is associated with growth trajectories between 1 and 9 years of age
The association of trajectories of protein intake and age-specific protein intakes from 2 to 22 years with BMI in early adulthood
Early life protein intake: food sources, correlates, and tracking across the first 5 years of life
Infant feeding and growth trajectory patterns in childhood and body composition in young adulthood
Predominantly nighttime feeding and weight outcomes in infants
Malnutrition and Catch-Up Growth during Childhood and Puberty
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
The plasma proteome is associated with anthropometric status of undernourished Nepalese school-aged children
Correlates of thymus size and changes during treatment of children with severe acute malnutrition: a cohort study
Biomarkers to stratify risk groups among children with malnutrition in resource-limited settings and to monitor response to intervention
Microbial impact on host metabolism: opportunities for novel treatments of nutritional disorders?
Mechanisms of cross-talk between the diet, the intestinal microbiome, and the under-nourished host
Lipid-based nutrient supplementation in the first 1,000 days improves child growth in Bangladesh: a cluster-randomized effectiveness trial
Eggs in early complementary feeding and child growth: a randomized controlled trial
A mixed methods study to assess the effectiveness of food-based interventions to prevent stunting among children under-five years in Districts Thatta and Sujawal, Sindh Province, Pakistan: study protocol
Impact of therapeutic food compared to oral nutritional supplements on nutritional outcomes in mildly underweight healthy children in a low-mediumincomesociety
The effect of egg supplementation on growth parameters in children participating in a school feeding program in rural Uganda: a pilot study
Vitamin D supplementation and growth in urban Mongol school children: Results from two randomized clinical trials
Which dietary components modulate longitudinal growth?
The impact of nutritional interventions beyond the first 2 years of life on linear growth: a systematic review and meta-analysis
A review of the evidence linking child stunting to economic outcomes
Reaching the global target to reduce stunting: an investment framework
Neurodevelopment, nutrition, and inflammation: the evolving global child health landscape
An individual-level meta-analysis assessing the impact of community-level sanitation access on child stunting, anemia, and diarrhea: evidence from DHS and MICS surveys
Pregnancy: Impact of Maternal Nutrition on Intrauterine Fetal Growth
Key articles reviewed for this chapter
Maternal dietary intake during pregnancy and offspring body composition: the Healthy Start Study
Maternal macronutrient intake during pregnancy is associated with neonatal abdominal adiposity: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) study
The early infant gut microbiome varies in association with a maternal high-fat diet
Maternal blood lipid profile during pregnancy and associations with child adiposity: findings from the ROLO study
Maternal diet quality in pregnancy and neonatal adiposity: the Healthy Start Study
Association of prenatal lipid–based nutritional supplementation with fetal growth in rural Gambia
The relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration in early pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in a large, prospective cohort
The effect of maternal nutrition level during the periconception period on fetal muscle development and plasma hormone concentrations in sheep
Maternal consumption of low isoflavone soy protein isolate alters hepatic gene expression and liver development in rat offspring
Stunting in Developing Countries
Key articles reviewed for the chapter
Growth faltering in rural Gambian children after four decades of interventions: a retrospective cohort study
Handwashing, sanitation and family planning practices are the strongest underlying determinants of child stunting in rural indigenous communities of Jharkhand and Odisha, Eastern India: a cross-sectional study
Impact of contaminated household environment on stunting in children aged 12–59 months in Burkina Faso
Female-headed households associated with lower childhood stunting across culturally diverse regions of Pakistan: results from a cross-sectional household survey
Risk factors for childhood stunting in 137 developing countries: a comparative risk assessment analysis at global, regional, and country levels
Environmental enteric dysfunction and growth failure/stunting in global child health
Systemic inflammation, growth factors, and linear growth in the setting of infection and malnutrition
Causal pathways from enteropathogens to environmental enteropathy: findings from the MAL-ED birth cohort study
Eggs in early complementary feeding and child growth: a randomized controlled trial