Description
Increased adiposity and decreased muscle mass contribute substantially to age-dependent disease and disability. In particular age-related increase in adiposity is quickly becoming a major threat to public health throughout the world. Although the hypothesis that age-related changes in body composition are due to lifestyle choices alone is well accepted, it is a vast oversimplification. This volume reflects the current knowledge in this rapidly developing field of research. The first part of the book discusses the extent to which increased adiposity contributes to age-related diseases and longevity. The 'obesity paradox', describing the protective role of overweight in decreasing mortality while increasing pathology, is covered in depth. Further chapters address specific aspects of the regulation of energy balance during aging, including the effects of changes in food intake. Finally the causes and consequences of loss of muscle mass and age-related osteoporosis are examined.A valuable help for physicians treating elderly patients, this book will also be of great interest to researchers studying energy balance, muscle physiology, bone disease, and other aspects of aging.
Chapter
Can Subcutaneous Fat Be Beneficial?
Obesity and Mortality Risk in Humans
Role of Adiposity in Caloric Restriction-Mediated Longevity
Obesity Paradox during Aging
Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Older People
Changes in Body Weight and Body Composition with Increasing Age
Causes of Overweight and Obesity in Older People
Consequences of Obesity in Older People
Management of Obesity in Older People
Central Control of Food Intake in Aging
Main Components of Central Regulatory Mechanisms of Food Intake
Leptin and Central Leptin Resistance during Aging
Insulin Action on Hypothalamic Centers Controlling Feeding Behavior Is Decreasedin Aging
Changes in Food Intake and Its Relationship to Weight Loss during Advanced Age
Declining Food Intake during Aging: The Satiety Factor
Hypothalamic Correlates of Declining Body Weight during Aging
Changes in Body Composition in Response to Challenges during Aging in Rats
Measurement of Body Composition in Aging Rodents
Body Weights in Three Rat Models of Aging
Patterns of Body Composition Changes with Normal Aging in Brown Norway Rats
Changes in Body Composition in Response to Negative Energy Balance
Surgical Challenge in Senescent Brown Norway Rats
Metabolic Challenge: 72 Hours of Food Deprivation
Changes in Body Composition in Response to Positive Energy Balance
New Haystacks Reveal New Needles: Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Identify Novel Targets for Ameliorating Body Composition Changes during Human Aging
Introduction to Caenorhabditis elegans
Muscle Aging and Sarcopenia in C. elegans
Sarcopenia: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Functional Consequences
Age-Related Decline in Strength
Age-Related Loss of Skeletal Muscle Mass
Mechanisms Underlying Sarcopenia
Age-Related Changes in Power
Muscle Weakness and Osteoarthritis of the Knee
mTOR Signaling as a Target of Amino Acid Treatment of the Age-Related Sarcopenia
Intracellular Mechanisms of Protein Synthesis Regulation: mTOR as a Downstream Target of PKB/Akt
Much More than Bricks: Branched-Chain Amino Acids as Possible Regulators of Protein Synthesis through the mTOR Pathway
mTOR, Mitochondrial Biogenesis, and Sarcopenia
Mitochondrial Theory of Aging in Human Age-Related Sarcopenia
Evidence of the Mitochondrial Theory of Aging in Human Skeletal Muscle
Resistance Exercise and Mitochondrial Adaptation in Human Skeletal Muscle
Muscle Stem Cells and Mitochondria: A Crossroads in the Treatment of Age-Related Sarcopenia?
Exercise as a Calorie Restriction Mimetic: Implications for Improving Healthy Aging and Longevity
Exercise, Energy Balance and Longevity in Rodents
Disparate Effects of Exercise and Calorie Restriction on Longevity: Potential Mechanisms
Exercise and Longevity in Humans
Clinical, Cellular and Molecular Phenotypes of Aging Bone
Quantitative and Qualitative Changes in the Aging Bone
Genetics of Peak Bone Mass Accrual in Subsequent Bone Loss with Aging
Impact of Environmental Factors on Bone Loss with Age
Patterns of Age-Related Bone Loss in Men and Women
Murine Models of Normal Aging
Gonadectomized Models of Bone Loss
The SAMP6 Mouse: A Model of Impaired Osteoblastogenesis and Bone Formation
The Klotho-Deficient Mouse: A Model of Disrupted Osteoblasts, Osteoclasts, and Osteocytes and Defects in Mineral Metabolism
Mouse Models of Laminopathies and Extracellular Matrix Protein Deficiencies
Mice Genetically Modified for Peptides, Hormones and Transcription Factors: Implications for the Aging Skeleton
Neural Regulation of the Aging Skeleton
Cellular and Molecular Changes in Bone Marrow with Aging
Body Composition and Aging
( Interdisciplinary Topics in Gerontology )
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